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Panghal A, Kumar V, Jena G. Melphalan induced germ cell toxicity and dose-dependent effects of β-aminoisobutyric acid in experimental rat model: Role of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23374. [PMID: 37086025 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The success of chemotherapy regimens has led to an increase in cancer survival rate over the last decades. Melphalan has been widely used for the treatment of several types of cancers despite its gonadotoxic effects. Due to its ability to cause mutations in the spermatogonial stem cells and spermatids, melphalan can exert a negative impact on male reproductive health in young cancer survivors. β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a myokine released by skeletal muscles, has been reported to have beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy and hepatic toxicity. However, the exact role of BAIBA in chemotherapy-induced germ cell toxicity is still unexplored. The present study aims to determine the dose-dependent (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) effects of BAIBA on melphalan-induced (1.5 mg/kg) germ cell toxicity in sprague-dawley (SD) rats. The evaluation parameters included quantification of oxidative stress biomarkers, sperm count, sperm motility and head morphology, sperm and testicular DNA damage, sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, ultrastructural changes in sperms, histological and protein expression studies in testes. Melphalan treatment significantly altered all the above-mentioned parameters and the high dose (100 mg/kg) of BAIBA restored melphalan-induced toxicity in a significant manner by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. However, the medium dose (50 mg/kg) of BAIBA decreased the toxicity of melphalan and the low dose (25 mg/kg) of BAIBA failed to counteract the melphalan-induced male germ cell toxicity as well as the peripheral blood micronucleus induction. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic role of BAIBA in melphalan-induced gonadal damage is a novel finding in an experimental rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Panghal
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
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Blawut B, Wolfe B, Premanandan C, Schuenemann G, Ludsin SA, Liu SL, Veeramachaneni DNR, Coutinho da Silva MA. Effects of activation and assisted reproduction techniques on the composition, structure, and properties of the sauger (Sander Canadensis) spermatozoa plasma membrane. Theriogenology 2023; 198:87-99. [PMID: 36566603 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sperm plasma membrane is a multifunctional organelle essential to fertilization. However, assisted reproduction techniques often negatively affect this structure, resulting in reduced fertility. These reductions have been attributed to plasma membrane damage in a wide array of species, including fish. Considerable research has been conducted on the fish sperm membrane, but few have examined the effect of cryopreservation and other assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) on not only membrane composition, but also specific characteristics (e.g., fluidity) and organization (e.g., lipid rafts). Herein, we determined the effects of three ARTs (testicular harvest, strip spawning, and cryopreservation) on the sperm plasma membrane, using Sauger (Sander canadensis) sperm as a model. To this end, a combination of fluorescent dyes (e.g., merocyanine 540, filipin III, cholera toxin subunit β), liquid chromatography - mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis of membrane lipids, and membrane ultracentrifugation coupled with plate assays and immunofluorescence were used to describe and compare sperm fluidity, membrane composition, as well as lipid raft composition and distribution among sperm types. Stripped sperm became more fluid following motility activation (40% increase in highly fluid cells characterized by a 2 × increase in fluorescence) and contained lipid rafts restricted to the midpiece. Testicular harvest yielded sperm with characteristics similar to stripped sperm. By contrast, cryopreservation impacted every aspect of membrane physiology. Two cell populations, one highly fluid and the other rigid, resulted from the freeze-thaw process. Cryopreservation reduced lipid raft cholesterol content by 44% and flotilin-2 (a lipid raft marker) was partially displaced owing to a decrease in buoyancy. Unlike stripped and testicular sperm, LC-MS analysis revealed increases in oxidative damage markers, membrane destabilization, and apoptotic signaling in cryopreserved sperm. Ultrastructural analysis also revealed widespread physical damage to the membrane following freeze-thaw. Sperm motility, however, was unrelated to any measure of membrane physiology used in this study. Our results demonstrate that ARTs have the potential to substantially affect the sperm plasma membrane, but not always detrimentally. These results provide multiple potential biomarkers of sperm quality as well as insight into sources of sub-fertility resulting from use of ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Blawut
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Wolfe
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chris Premanandan
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gustavo Schuenemann
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stuart A Ludsin
- The Ohio State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Aquatic Ecology Lab, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Infectious Diseases Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D N Rao Veeramachaneni
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marco A Coutinho da Silva
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Columbus, OH, USA.
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González-Rojo S, Fernández-Díez C, Guerra SM, Robles V, Herraez MP. Differential gene susceptibility to sperm DNA damage: analysis of developmental key genes in trout. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114161. [PMID: 25479606 PMCID: PMC4257556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm chromatin in mammals is packaged in different blocks associated to protamines (PDNA), histones (HDNA), or nuclear matrix proteins. Differential packaging has been related to early or late transcription and also to differential susceptibility to genotoxic damage. Genes located in the more accessible HDNA could be more susceptible to injuries than those located in PDNA, being potential biomarkers of paternal DNA damage. Fish sperm chromatin organization is much diversified, some species lacking protamines and some others totally depleted of histones. Analyzing genotoxic damage in a species homogeneously compacted with some sperm nuclear basic protein type, could help in deciphering the clues of differential susceptibility to damage. In the present study we analyzed in rainbow trout the differential susceptibility of nine genes to UV irradiation and H2O2 treatment. The absence of histones in the sperm nuclei was confirmed by Western blot. The chromatin fractionation in sensitive and resistant regions to PvuII (presumably HDNA-like and PDNA-like, respectively) revealed that the nine genes locate in the same resistant region. The number of lesions promoted was quantified using a qPCR approach. Location of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. UV irradiation promoted similar number of lesions in all the analyzed genes and a homogenous distribution of 8-OHdG within the nuclei. 8-OHdG was located in the peripheral area of the nucleus after H2O2 treatment, which promoted a significantly higher number of lesions in developmental-related genes (8.76–10.95 lesions/10 kb) than in rDNA genes (1.05–1.67 lesions/10 kb). We showed for the first time, that differential susceptibility to damage is dependent on the genotoxic mechanism and relies on positional differences between genes. Sensitive genes were also analyzed in cryopreserved sperm showing a lower number of lesions than the previous treatments and a predominant peripheral distribution of oxidative damage (8-OHdG).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana M. Guerra
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Vanesa Robles
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Herraez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
- * E-mail:
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