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Purdy PH, Graham JK, Azevedo HC. Evaluation of boar and bull sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction using flow cytometry. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106846. [PMID: 34563407 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry can be used to evaluate many sperm attributes and Dr. Duane Garner was influential in developing assays to understand sperm physiology and function. We review some of Dr. Garner's work and describe experiments that evaluate sperm capacitation using Dr. Garner's philosophy. In exploratory experiments, boar sperm were cryopreserved in lactose egg yolk (LEY) or Beltsville Freezing Extender 5 (BF5) and incubated in one capacitating medium. In another experiment, frozen-thawed bull sperm were incubated in TALP-Ca or CFDM1 capacitating media. In both experiments, sperm viability and capacitation were evaluated using multiple probes. Boar sperm frozen in LEY had greater survival rates (38%) than sperm frozen in BF5 (22%; P < 0.05) but did not capacitate as effectively as sperm in BF5 (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, bull sperm survived to a greater extent when incubated in TALP-Ca than in CFDM1 (P < 0.05) and had greater capacitation for most parameters (P < 0.05). Of particular interest, 77% of sperm incubated in TALP-Ca had activated second messenger systems involved in capacitation, compared with < 5% of sperm incubated in CFDM1. The results indicate different freezing and capacitating media induce different responses to sperm capacitation and functions. If only sperm viability and acrosomal integrity were evaluated, these results would be interpreted very differently. Dr. Garner's philosophy of evaluating multiple sperm parameters was an impetus to determine unique treatment differences which help in understanding sperm capacitation, and design further experiments to determine how media content causes sperm physiology differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip H Purdy
- USDA, ARS, NLGRP, National Animal Germplasm Program, 1111 S. Mason St., Fort Collins, CO 80521-4500, USA.
| | - James K Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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2
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Chen W, Cheng H, Chen L, Zhan X, Xia W. Synthesis, characterization, and anti-tumor properties of O-benzoylselenoglycolic chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:491-499. [PMID: 34678382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces a facile method for synthesizing O-benzoylselenoglycolic chitosan with a high selenium concentration of 45.32 mg/g. The characterizations of the chemical structure via FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, TGA, and XRD analyses indicated that benzoylselenoglycolic acid was successfully grafted onto the C6 hydroxyl group of chitosan. The anti-cancer activity of the O-benzoylselenoglycolic chitosan was investigated in vitro using a HepG2 cell model, and the results indicated that it has excellent anticancer activity against HepG2 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.53 μg/mL while exhibiting non-toxicity against normal cells (L-02). Furthermore, a mechanistic study revealed that the O-benzoylselenoglycolic chitosan could induce early apoptosis, G2/M, S phase arrest, and activation of caspase-3 activity to inhibit the HepG2 cell growth. This study has led to novel organic selenium species, and the results suggest its potential to be used as an effective ingredient for cancer prevention and therapy in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwen Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
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Hamacher T, Berendsen JTW, van Dongen JE, van der Hee RM, Cornelissen JJLM, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Segerink LI. Virus removal from semen with a pinched flow fractionation microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4477-4486. [PMID: 34664598 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays pigs are bred with artificial insemination to reduce costs and transportation. To prevent the spread of diseases, it is important to test semen samples for viruses. Screening techniques applied are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and/or polymerase chain reaction, which are labor-intensive and expensive methods. In contrast to the current used screening techniques, it is possible to remove viruses physically from semen. However, existing methods for virus removal techniques have a low yield of spermatozoa. Therefore, we have developed a microfluidic chip that performs size-based separation of viruses and spermatozoa in boar semen samples, thereby having the potential to reduce the risk of disease spreading in the context of artificial insemination in the veterinary industry. As the head of a spermatozoon is at least twenty times larger than a virus particle, the particle size can be used to achieve separation, resulting in a semen sample with lower viral load and of higher quality. To achieve the size separation, our microfluidic device is based on pinched-flow fractionation. A model virus, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, was used and spiked to porcine semen samples. With the proposed microfluidic chip and the optimized flow parameters, at least 84 ± 4% of the model viruses were removed from the semen. The remaining virus contamination is caused by the model virus adhering to spermatozoa instead of the separation technique. The spermatozoa recovery was 86 ± 6%, which is an enormous improvement in yield compared to existing virus removal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hamacher
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J T W Berendsen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J E van Dongen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - R M van der Hee
- Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J J L M Cornelissen
- Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M L W J Broekhuijse
- CRV, Wassenaarweg 20, 6843NW, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Topigs Norsvin, 227, 5263LT Vught, The Netherlands
| | - L I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Assessment of Sperm Binding Capacity in the Tubal Reservoir Using a Bovine Ex Vivo Oviduct Culture and Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4040067. [PMID: 34698216 PMCID: PMC8544518 DOI: 10.3390/mps4040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm binding within the oviductal sperm reservoir plays an important role for reproductive success by enabling sperm survival and maintaining fertilizing capacity. To date, numerous in vitro technologies have been established to measure sperm binding capacity to cultured oviductal cells or oviductal explants. However, these methods do not accurately represent the microenvironment and complex multi-molecular nature of the oviduct. In this paper, we describe a novel protocol for assessing sperm binding capacity in the tubal sperm reservoir using an ex vivo oviduct culture in the bovine model. This protocol includes the staining of frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342, the co-incubation of stained sperm in closed segments of the oviduct and the visualization and quantification of bound spermatozoa by fluorescence microscopy. By generating overlays of multiple Z-stacks of randomly selected regions of interest (ROIs), spermatozoa bound in the sperm reservoir can be visualized and quantified within the 3D arrangement of the oviductal folds. This method, which is applicable to multiple species, can be used to assess individual sperm binding capacity in males for prognostic purposes as well as to assess the impact of diseases and medications on the formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviduct in humans and animals.
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Shen D, Zhou C, Cao M, Cai W, Yin H, Jiang L, Zhang S. Differential Membrane Protein Profile in Bovine X- and Y-Sperm. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3031-3042. [PMID: 34009990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the biological differences of X- and Y-sperm and to screen the sex-specific candidate antigen proteins for sexed semen production. To this end, we investigated differential expression of total membrane proteins of the two sperm types by using high-purity X- and Y-sperm from 20 Holstein bulls and applying the label-free proteomic technique; 1521 proteins were identified. In the X-sperm group, 8 and 23 proteins were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. In the X- and the Y-sperm group, 151 and 88 proteins were specifically expressed, respectively. These were overexpressed in the dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton, and cell senescence/apoptosis induced by the immune response, and could result in differences in the state, size, and immune sensitivity of the X-/Y-sperm membranes. The prediction of transmembrane structure, subcellular localization, and Western blotting validation results showed that the CLRN3 and SCAMP1 proteins were cell surface specific antigens of X- and Y-sperm, respectively. Our findings help explain the molecular mechanism behind the biological differences of X-/Y-sperm and lay the foundation for application of immunological methods to produce sex-sorted semen and control livestock sex. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongwei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Watts J. Measurement of membrane integrity in canine spermatozoa using a fluorescent computer-assisted spermatozoal quantification method after SYBR-14/PI staining compared with manual counting after CFDA/PI staining. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:915-927. [PMID: 33794028 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare measurements of spermatozoal membrane status in dogs using computer-assisted spermatozoal quantification (CASQ) after staining with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) with manual counting after CFDA/PI staining. CASQ was performed on fresh (n = 11) and thawed cryopreserved canine semen (n = 91) using (1) a red long-pass (LP) filter on an untreated sample (membrane-disrupted spermatozoa, MDS count) and in a sample with all cellular membranes disrupted (total spermatozoal count, TC), (2) green LP filter for a TC and the red filter for an MDS count and (3) a green short-pass filter to obtain a membrane-intact spermatozoa (MIS) count and the red filter to obtain the MDS count, which were added to give a TC (red-green filter CASQ, n = 50). Spermatozoa were also stained with CFDA/PI, manually examined and classified as MIS or MDS. All measurements were performed in duplicate. The percentage of membrane-intact spermatozoa (MIS) was calculated. The percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS) was determined subjectively. The data were analysed to measure the agreement between the CASQ and CFDA/PI methods, repeatability of the methods and correlation between the MIS and PMS percentage. Compared with the CFDA/PI method, the agreement of MIS percentage with red filter CASQ was -12% to 34%, green LP filter CASQ -42% to 47% and red-green filter CASQ -23% to 29%. The repeatability of the CFDA/PI and red-green filter CASQ methods were the highest. The MIS and PMS percentages were always correlated (p < .05). Measurement of MIS percentage using red and red-green filter CASQ appeared to be the most reliable automated methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Watts
- Animal Reproduction Australia Pty Ltd, Werribee, Vic., Australia
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Thongkham M, Thaworn W, Pattanawong W, Teepatimakorn S, Mekchay S, Sringarm K. Spermatological parameters of immunologically sexed bull semen assessed by imaging flow cytometry, and dairy farm trial. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100486. [PMID: 33636584 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the quality parameters of bull semen sexed using an immunological method with those of conventional semen by imaging flow cytometry and applied this semen in dairy farm trials. Semen samples were collected from ten ejaculates from five bulls. Each sample was divided into two treatments: conventional semen (CON) and semen sexed using monoclonal male-specific antibodies combined with the complement system for cytotoxicity reaction (IC-sexed). After obtaining frozen-thawed semen, we used imaging flow cytometry to assess acrosome integrity, sperm sex ratio and viability. Sperm morphology was evaluated using eosin-nigrosin staining. The percentage acrosome integrity did not differ between IC-sexed and CON semen (P = 0.313). The sperm sex ratio showed that the percentage of live X-chromosome-bearing sperm was higher than that of live Y-chromosome-bearing sperm in IC-sexed semen (P = 0.001). IC-sexed semen showed a higher percentage of head and tail defects than did CON semen (P = 0.019). In field trials, 585 cows were subjected randomly to AI with CON or IC-sexed semen. The pregnancy rate of the IC-sexed group did not differ from that of the CON group (P = 0.535). However, IC-sexed semen produced a significantly higher percentage of female calves than did CON semen (P = 0.031). Thus, immunological sexing did not adversely affect the acrosome integrity of sperm. Furthermore, a female calf birth rate of over 74 % can potentially be achieved using IC-sexed semen. These findings could help farmers to replace heifers in their herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marninphan Thongkham
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wannaluk Thaworn
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Pattanawong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Sorn Teepatimakorn
- Livestock Semen Production Center, Inthanon Royal Project, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Chiang Mai, 50360, Thailand
| | - Supamit Mekchay
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand.
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8
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Henning HHW, Batz-Schott J, Grünther B, Le Thi X, Waberski D. Fluorescent labelling of boar spermatozoa for quantitative studies on competitive sperm-oviduct binding. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1520-1532. [PMID: 31072452 DOI: 10.1071/rd19081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Invitro sperm-oviduct binding assays enable assessment of the capacity of spermatozoa to form a 'reservoir' in the oviduct. Competitive approaches, such as experimental set-ups that test multiple males or semen samples simultaneously on the same tissue explants, are desirable because they reduce the likelihood of bias when using material from different females. Therefore, we established a fluorescent labelling technique that allows tagging and storage of spermatozoa before competitive studies of sperm-oviduct binding invitro. Fluorescent markers were tested for reliability and compatibility with parameters of boar spermatozoa viability. The addition of seminal plasma after density gradient centrifugation was essential to counteract centrifugation stress during the labelling procedure. It was demonstrated that sperm tagged with MitoTracker Green FM or MitoTracker Red FM can be successfully used in competitive sperm-oviduct binding studies. The assay was sensitive enough to indicate subtle effects of semen storage temperature on the ability of the spermatozoa to contribute to the female sperm reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko H W Henning
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany; and Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julia Batz-Schott
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benita Grünther
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Xuyen Le Thi
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Waberski
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany; and Corresponding author.
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Douglas C, Turner JMA. Advances and challenges in genetic technologies to produce single-sex litters. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008898. [PMID: 32701961 PMCID: PMC7377362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a requirement for single-sex litters for many applications, including agriculture, pest control, and reducing animal culling in line with the 3Rs principles: Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing presents a new opportunity with which to potentially generate all-female or all-male litters. We review some of the historical nongenetic strategies employed to generate single-sex litters and investigate how genetic and genome editing techniques are currently being used to produce all-male or all-female progeny. Lastly, we speculate on future technologies for generating single-sex litters and the possible associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Douglas
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M A Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Bovine Sperm Sexing Alters Sperm Morphokinetics and Subsequent Early Embryonic Development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6255. [PMID: 32277124 PMCID: PMC7148378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In artificial insemination the use of sex-sorted bovine sperm results in reduced conception, the causes of which are only partly understood. Therefore, we set out to investigate the effects of sexing on bovine sperm function and early embryonic development. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) of sperm of the same bulls (n = 5), before and after sexing, demonstrated significantly reduced fast (A) and slow (B) progressively motile sperm (p < 0.05) after sexing. Sexed-sperm also revealed significantly less hyperactivated sperm (p < 0.05). As shown by time-lapse videomicroscopy of in vitro produced embryos (n = 360), embryos derived from sexed-sperm displayed significantly increased incidences of arrest at the 4-cell stage (p < 0.05). The relative risk for shrinkage/fusion of blastomeres with subsequent lysis was 1.71 times higher in the embryos derived from sexed-sperm as compared to conventional embryos (p < 0.05) resulting in significantly reduced blastocyst rates (p < 0.001). The relative risk for cleavage was 2.36 times lower in the embryos derived from sex-sorted sperm (p < 0.001). Additionally, sexed-sperm-derived embryos showed reduced survival times (hazard ratio HR = 1.54, p < 0.001) which were bull dependent (p < 0.001). However, the percentage of apoptotic cells was similar to conventional embryos. Furthermore, embryos derived from sexed-sperm were found to reach developmental stages at similar timings as conventional embryos. Our results suggest that reduced conception rates after sexing are due to altered sperm morphokinetics, decreasing the chance of sperm to reach and fertilise the oocyte, and aberrant early embryonic development.
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Naniwa Y, Sakamoto Y, Toda S, Uchiyama K. Bovine sperm sex-selection technology in Japan. Reprod Med Biol 2019; 18:17-26. [PMID: 30655718 PMCID: PMC6332832 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan started commercially producing sexed bovine semen 10 years ago, and sexed bovine semen is currently used for the artificial insemination (AI) in the farms. In this review, the authors introduce the technology for sperm sexing by flow cytometry, the efforts at commercializing sexed semen in Japan, and recent field data on artificial insemination of the cattle with sexed semen. METHODS In the procedures of the flow cytometric method, X-chromosome-bearing sperm and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm were fluorescently stained, separated from each other by analyzing the difference in the DNA content, and cryopreserved. The authors surveyed the conception rates after AI with these sperm and sex ratios of the offspring with the cooperation from livestock associations, AI technicians, and farmers. MAIN FINDINGS RESULTS Although AI with sexed semen was associated with lower conception rates in comparison with AI with conventional semen, the accuracy of sex selection using AI with sexed semen was beyond >90%. CONCLUSION Sexed semen produced by flow cytometry has the potential to produce offspring of the preferred sex with high accuracy and reliability. Thus, it is expected that sexed semen is used for AI more frequently in the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Naniwa
- Maebashi Institute of Animal ScienceLivestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.MaebashiJapan
| | - Yoshiya Sakamoto
- Maebashi Institute of Animal ScienceLivestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.MaebashiJapan
| | - Syohei Toda
- Maebashi Institute of Animal ScienceLivestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.MaebashiJapan
| | - Kyoko Uchiyama
- Maebashi Institute of Animal ScienceLivestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.MaebashiJapan
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12
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Sperm sexing with density gradient centrifugation in dogs. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 199:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Yeste M, Castillo-Martín M, Bonet S, Rodríguez-Gil JE. Impact of light irradiation on preservation and function of mammalian spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 194:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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15
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Alkmin DV, Parrilla I, Tarantini T, Del Olmo D, Vazquez JM, Martinez EA, Roca J. Seminal plasma affects sperm sex sorting in boars. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:556-64. [PMID: 25163401 DOI: 10.1071/rd14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted in boar semen samples to evaluate how both holding time (24h) and the presence of seminal plasma (SP) before sorting affect sperm sortability and the ability of sex-sorted spermatozoa to tolerate liquid storage. Whole ejaculate samples were divided into three aliquots immediately after collection: one was diluted (1:1, v/v) in Beltsville thawing solution (BTS; 50% SP); the SP of the other two aliquots was removed and the sperm pellets were diluted with BTS + 10% of their own SP (10% SP) or BTS alone (0% SP). The three aliquots of each ejaculate were divided into two portions, one that was processed immediately for sorting and a second that was sorted after 24h storage at 15-17°C. In the first experiment, the ability to exhibit well-defined X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm peaks (split) in the cytometry histogram and the subsequent sorting efficiency were assessed (20 ejaculates). In contrast with holding time, the SP proportion influenced the parameters examined, as evidenced by the higher number of ejaculates exhibiting split and better sorting efficiency (P<0.05) in semen samples with 0-10% SP compared with those with 50% SP. In a second experiment, the quality (viability, total and progressive motility) and functionality (plasma membrane fluidity and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species) of sex-sorted spermatozoa were evaluated after 0, 72 and 120h storage at 15-17°C (10 ejaculates). Holding time and SP proportion did not influence the quality or functionality of stored sex-sorted spermatozoa. In conclusion, a holding time as long as 24h before sorting did not negatively affect sex sorting efficiency or the ability of sorted boar spermatozoa to tolerate long-term liquid storage. A high proportion of SP (50%) in the semen samples before sorting reduced the number of ejaculates to be sorted and negatively influenced the sorting efficiency, but did not affect the ability of sex-sorted spermatozoa to tolerate liquid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego V Alkmin
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Murcia, Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Murcia, Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Tatiana Tarantini
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Murcia, Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - David Del Olmo
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Murcia, Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M Vazquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Murcia, Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Murcia, Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Murcia, Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Ferré LB, Bogliotti Y, Chitwood JL, Fresno C, Ortega HH, Kjelland ME, Ross PJ. Effect of spermatozoa motility hyperactivation factors and gamete coincubation duration on in vitro bovine embryo development using flow cytometrically sorted spermatozoa. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:805-814. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sperm motility enhancers and different IVF times on cleavage, polyspermy, blastocyst formation, embryo quality and hatching ability. In Experiment 1, sex-sorted X chromosome-bearing Bos taurus spermatozoa were incubated for 30 min before 18 h fertilisation with hyperactivating factors, namely 10 mM caffeine (CA), 5 mM theophylline (TH), 10 mM caffeine and 5 mM theophylline (CA + TH); and untreated spermatozoa (control). In Experiment 2, matured B. taurus oocytes were fertilised using a short (8 h) or standard (18 h) fertilisation length, comparing two different fertilisation media, namely synthetic oviducal fluid (SOF) fertilisation medium (SOF-FERT) and M199 fertilisation medium (M199-FERT). Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher in the CA + TH group (77% and 27%, respectively) compared with the control group (71% and 21%, respectively). Cleavage rates and blastocyst formation were significantly lower for the shortest fertilisation time (8 h) in M199-FERT medium (42% and 12%, respectively). The SOF-FERT medium with an 8 h fertilisation time resulted in the highest cleavage rates and blastocyst formation (74% and 29%, respectively). The SOF-FERT medium produced the highest embryo quality (50% Grade 1) and hatching rate (66%). Motility enhancers did not affect polyspermy rates, whereas polyspermy was affected when fertilisation length was extended from 8 h (3%) to 18 h (9%) and in M199-FERT (14%) compared with SOF-FERT (6%). We conclude that adding the motility enhancers CA and TH to sex sorted spermatozoa and Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP)-Sperm can improve cleavage and embryo development rates without increasing polyspermy. In addition, shortening the oocyte–sperm coincubation time (8 h) resulted in similar overall embryo performance rates compared with the prolonged (18 h) interval.
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Steinhauser CB, Graham JK, Lenz RW, Seidel GE. Removing seminal plasma improves bovine sperm sex-sorting. Andrology 2016; 4:1131-1137. [PMID: 27566244 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bull ejaculates with sperm concentrations of less than 1 billion sperm sort poorly for sex chromosomes, but whether this is because of the sperm concentration or the concomitant seminal plasma content has not been elucidated. Experiments were conducted to determine why ejaculates with lower sperm concentrations sort poorly and develop a protocol to increase sorting efficiency. In Experiment I, spermatozoa at 160 or 240 × 106 sperm/mL were stained at 49, 65 or 81 μm Hoechst 33342 with 0 or 10% seminal plasma and then sex-sorted. In Experiment II, seminal plasma was adjusted to create samples with sperm concentrations of 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 × 109 sperm/mL, prior to sex-sorting. In Experiment III, spermatozoa were diluted to 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 × 109 sperm/mL using TALP containing 0 or 10% seminal plasma prior to sex-sorting and cryopreservation. In Experiment I, the optimal staining combination was 160 × 106 sperm/mL stained with 65 μm Hoechst 33342 and no seminal plasma. In Experiment II, the percentages of membrane-impaired sperm were lower for sample concentrations of 2.1 × 109 sperm/mL (15%) than for samples at 1.4 × 109 (17%) or 0.7 × 109 sperm/mL (18%; p < 0.01). The X sort rate was slower for samples stored at 0.7 × 109 sperm/mL (3.45 × 103 sperm/sec) than for samples stored at 1.4 × 109 and 2.1 × 109 sperm/mL (3.85 and 3.94 × 103 sperm/sec, respectively; p < 0.05). In Experiment III, samples containing 0% seminal plasma had higher percentages of live-oriented cells (54 vs. 50%; p < 0.05), fewer dead sperm (19 vs. 22%; p < 0.01) and higher post-thaw motility (41 vs. 35%; p < 0.05) than samples containing 10% seminal plasma. Ejaculates with high sperm concentrations result in superior sorting because these samples have less seminal plasma during staining than ejaculates with lower initial sperm concentrations as all samples are diluted to 160 × 106 sperm/mL for staining. Therefore, sorting efficiency appears to be affected by seminal plasma concentration, not by the original sperm concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Steinhauser
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J K Graham
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R W Lenz
- Sexing Technologies, Navasota, TX, USA
| | - G E Seidel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Inaba Y, Abe R, Geshi M, Matoba S, Nagai T, Somfai T. Sex-sorting of spermatozoa affects developmental competence of in vitro fertilized oocytes in a bull-dependent manner. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:451-456. [PMID: 27301424 PMCID: PMC5081731 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to clarify if flow-cytometric sex-sorting of bovine sperm affected in vitro blastocyst production in
different bulls, either in terms of its ability to fertilize the oocyte or by interfering with post-fertilization embryo development. We performed in
vitro fertilization (IVF) using both commercially available frozen-thawed X-sorted and non-sorted sperm of 4 Holstein bulls at 3 concentrations (1 ×
106, 2 × 106, and 5 × 106 sperm/ml). When fertilization rates were compared, a variation in fertilization rates among
different sperm concentrations was detected in 2 bulls, with similar results for X-sorted and non-sorted sperm. However, we found no evidence that the
fertilization rates were affected by the sorting process. To investigate effects on embryo development, we determined the optimum sperm concentration for IVF in
each bull, which resulted in similar fertilization rates among bulls. We next performed IVF using both X-sorted and non-sorted sperm of the 4 bulls at their
optimum sperm concentration and compared in vitro embryo development. Cleavage rates with X-sorted sperm were similar to their non-sorted
counterparts. However, significantly reduced blastocyst development was associated with the use of X-sorted sperm in one bull, whereas in the other three bulls,
blastocyst development after IVF with X-sorted and non-sorted sperm was similar. In conclusion, in our system, X-sorting affects in vitro
blastocyst production by reducing the developmental competence of fertilized oocytes rather than affecting the fertilization ability of the sperm. However, the
occurrence of this phenomenon varies among bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Inaba
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Li XX, Wang M, Chen HH, Li QY, Yang H, Xu HY, Lu YQ, Zhang M, Yang XG, Lu SS, Lu KH. Flow cytometric and near-infrared Raman spectroscopic investigation of quality in stained, sorted, and frozen-thawed buffalo sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 170:90-9. [PMID: 27095613 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry and Laser Tweezers Raman spectroscopy have been used to investigate Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm from different samples (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed) of the flow-sorting process to optimize sperm sex sorting procedures. During the sorting and freezing-thawing processes, the two detection methods both indicated there were differences in mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity. Moreover, a dispersive-type NIR (Near Infrared Reflection) use of the Raman system resulted in the ability to detect a variety of sperm components, including relative DNA, lipid, carbohydrates and protein contents. The use of the Raman system allowed for PCA (principal components analysis) and DFA (discriminant function analysis) of fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed sperm. The methodology, therefore, allows for distinguishing sperm from different samples (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed), and demonstrated the great discriminative power of ANN (artificial neural network) classification models for the differentiating sperm from different phases of the flow-sorting process. In conclusion, the damage induced by sperm sorting and freezing-thawing procedures can be quantified, and in the present research it is demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy is a valuable technology for assessing sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Huan-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Qing-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Hui-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yang-Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Gan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Ke-Huan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
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Effects of Hoechst33342 staining on the viability and flow cytometric sex-sorting of frozen-thawed ram sperm. Cryobiology 2015; 70:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pozzi A, Previtali C, Lukaj A, Galli A, Bongioni G, Puglisi R. High-resolution melt analysis does not reveal mutagenic risk in sexed sperm and in vitro-derived bovine embryos. Anim Genet 2014; 45:473-8. [PMID: 24731016 DOI: 10.1111/age.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present work were to verify whether simultaneous exposure to Hoechst 33342 and UV irradiation during sorting by flow cytometry may induce gene point mutations in bovine sperm and to assess whether the dye incorporated in the sperm may imply a mutagenic effect during the embryonic development. To this aim, high-resolution melt analysis (HRMA) was used to discriminate variations of single nucleotides in sexed vs. non-sexed control samples. Three batches of sorted and non-sorted commercial semen of seven bulls (42 samples) were subjected to HRMA. A set of 139 genes located on all the chromosomes was selected, and 407 regions of the genome covering a total of 83 907 bases were analyzed. Thereafter, sperm of one sexed and one non-sexed batch of each bull was used in in vitro fertilization, and the derived embryos were analyzed (n = 560). One hundred and thirty-three regions of the bovine genome, located in 40 genes, were screened for a total coverage of 23 397 bases. The comparison between the frequencies of variations, with respect to the sequences deposited, observed in the sexed and non-sexed sperm (843 vs. 770) and embryos (246 vs. 212) showed no significant differences (P > 0.05), as measured by chi-square tests. It can be concluded that staining with Hoechst 33342 and exposure to UV during sorting does not lead to significant changes in the frequencies of variants in the commercial sexed semen and in embryos produced in vitro with the same treated sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pozzi
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Loc. La Quercia, Rivolta d'Adda (CR), 26027, Italy
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22
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Rodenas C, Lucas X, Tarantini T, Del Olmo D, Roca J, Vazquez JM, Martinez EA, Parrilla I. The Effects of Hoechst 33342 Staining and the Male Sample Donor on the Sorting Efficiency of Canine Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 49:115-21. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Rodenas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - X Lucas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - T Tarantini
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - D Del Olmo
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - J Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - JM Vazquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - EA Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - I Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
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Ribeiro S, Sartorius G, de Geyter C. Sorting of spermatozoa with flow cytometry. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:e15. [PMID: 23876533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Horobin RW, Rashid-Doubell F, Pediani JD, Milligan G. Predicting small molecule fluorescent probe localization in living cells using QSAR modeling. 1. Overview and models for probes of structure, properties and function in single cells. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:440-60. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.780634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Alçada-Morais S, Sousa AP, Paiva A, Almeida-Santos T, Ramalho-Santos J. Anterior positioning of sex chromosomes on the head of human sperm sorted using visible wavelengths. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:223-6. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2013.787129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dondorp W, De Wert G, Pennings G, Shenfield F, Devroey P, Tarlatzis B, Barri P, Diedrich K. ESHRE Task Force on ethics and Law 20: sex selection for non-medical reasons. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1448-54. [PMID: 23578946 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This Task Force document revisits the debate about the ethics of sex selection for non-medical reasons in the light of relevant new technological developments. First, as a result of improvement of the Microsort® flow cytometry method, there is now a proven technique for preconception sex selection that can be combined both with IVF and IUI. Secondly, the scenario where new approaches that are currently being developed for preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) may lead to such screening becoming a routine part of all IVF treatment. In that scenario professionals will more often be confronted with parental requests for transfer of an embryo of a specific sex. Thirdly, the recent development of non-invasive prenatal testing based on cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma allows for easy and safe sex determination in the early stages of pregnancy. While stressing the new urgency that these developments give to the debate, the Task Force did not come to a unanimous position with regard to the acceptability of sex selection for non-medical reasons in the context of assisted reproduction. Whereas some think maintaining the current ban is the best approach, others are in favour of allowing sex selection for non-medical reasons under conditions that take account of societal concerns about the possible impact of the practice. By presenting these positions, the document reflects the different views about this issue that also exist in the field. Specific recommendations include the need for a wider delineation of accepted 'medical reasons' than in terms of avoiding a serious sex-linked disorder, and for a clarification of the legal position with regard to answering parental requests for 'additional sex selection' in the context of medically indicated preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or routine PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dondorp
- Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Research Institutes CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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O'Brien JK, Steinman KJ, Montano GA, Love CC, Robeck TR. Sperm DNA fragmentation and morphological degeneration in chilled elephant (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta Africana) semen collected by transrectal massage. Andrology 2013; 1:387-400. [PMID: 23536498 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ejaculates from nine Asian and two African elephants were analysed to gain a further understanding of mechanisms underlying variable semen quality after transrectal massage. Semen analysis was performed after collection (0 h; subjective motility parameters only) and after 24 h of chilled storage at 10 °C (24 h; all ejaculate and sperm characteristics). Ejaculates with ≤50% total motility (TM) at 24 h, which represented >90% of collection attempts, contained a sperm population with a high degree of DNA damage (64.2 ± 19.2% fragmented DNA) and an elevated incidence of detached heads (43.3 ± 22.5%). In contrast, good quality ejaculates designated as those with >50% TM at 24 h displayed higher (p < 0.05) values of sperm kinetic parameters, DNA integrity and normal morphology. Fertility potential was high for good quality ejaculates from two males (one Asian and one African bull) based on in vitro characteristics after chilled storage for up to 48 h post-collection. Urine contamination of semen, as assessed quantitatively by creatinine concentration, was confirmed as a significant factor in reduced elephant ejaculate quality. However, the identification of considerable DNA damage and morphological degeneration in the majority of ejaculates after only 24 h of chilled storage indicates that sperm ageing could be a primary contributor to inconsistent semen quality in the elephant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K O'Brien
- Sea World and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
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Xia X, Cai H, Qin S, Xu C. Histone acetylase inhibitor curcumin impairs mouse spermiogenesis-an in vitro study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48673. [PMID: 23144926 PMCID: PMC3492465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the previous study, we unraveled the unique “erasure strategy” during the mouse spermiogenesis. Chromatin associated proteins sequentially disassociated from the spermatid chromosome, which led to the termination of transcription in elongating spermatids. By this process, a relatively naïve paternal chromatin was generated, which might be essential for the zygotic development. We supposed the regulation of histone acetylation played an important role throughout this “erasure” process. In order to verify this hypothesis, we treated mouse spermatids in vitro by histone acetylase (HAT) inhibitor Curcumin. Our results showed an inhibiting effect of Curcumin on the growth of germ cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, the apoptosis of primary haploid spermtids was increased by Curcumin treatment. As expected, the acetylated histone level was downregulated. Furthermore, we found the transcription in spermatids ceased in advance, the dynamics of chromatin associated factors was disturbed by Curcumin treatment. The regulation of histone acetylation should be one of the core reprogramming mechanisms during the spermiogenesis. The reproductive toxicity of Curcumin needs to be thoroughly investigated, which is crucial for its further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xia
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixiao Qin
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Jegham H, Maltais R, Dufour P, Roy J, Poirier D. Solid-phase chemical synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel 2β-piperazino-(20R)-5α-pregnane-3α,20-diol N-derivatives as anti-leukemic agents. Steroids 2012; 77:1403-18. [PMID: 22910290 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The steroid nucleus is an interesting scaffold for the development of new therapeutic agents. Within the goal of identifying anticancer agents, new pregnane derivatives were prepared by using a sequence of liquid and solid-phase reactions. After we dehydrated epi-allopregnanolone in one step with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride and generated a 2,3α-epoxide, the regio- and stereo-selective aminolysis of this epoxide enabled us to obtain a 2β-piperazino-pregnane, whose secondary amine was protected as N-Fmoc-derivative. Using the difference in reactivity between OHs 3 and 20, we linked the pregnane nucleus-selectively on the polystyrene diethylbutylsilane resin via the OH in position 20. We next achieved in parallel the coupling of an amino acid (1st level of diversity) and the coupling of a carboxylic acid (2nd level of diversity) to generate two libraries of pregnane derivatives. The compounds inhibited the HL-60 leukemia cell growth and the most potent were three compounds (PD, LPC-37 and LPC-48) with a l-proline as first level of diversity and a cyclohexyl-carbonyl, a naphthalene-2-carbonyl or a 3-acetylbenzoyl as second level of diversity. LPC-48 efficiently inhibited HL-60 cell proliferation with IC(50) value of 1.9 μM and exhibited a low toxicity on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (IC(50)=31 μM). These results encouraged us to further evaluate the biological activity of these new aminosteroids by investigating their preliminary mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Jegham
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology and Genomic Unit, CHUQ-CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Biological evaluation of a new family of aminosteroids that display a selective toxicity for various malignant cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:803-14. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328351aa8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Kakasi B, Kováts N, Nagy S. Assessment of the genotoxic potential of Hoechst 33342, SYBR-14 and PI using the SOS ChromoTest™. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:372-5. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.674557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Effect of Hoechst 33342 on stallion spermatozoa incubated in KMT or Tyrodes modified INRA96. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:165-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Impact of genomic selection of AI dairy sires on their likely utilization and methods to estimate fertility: A paradigm shift. Theriogenology 2012; 77:795-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- George E. SEIDEL, Jr.
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA
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Maside C, Gil M, Cuello C, Sanchez-Osorio J, Parrilla I, Lucas X, Caamaño J, Vazquez J, Roca J, Martinez E. Effects of Hoechst 33342 staining and ultraviolet irradiation on the developmental competence of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2011; 76:1667-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liberski AR, Delaney JT, Schäfer H, Perelaer J, Schubert US. Organ weaving: woven threads and sheets as a step towards a new strategy for artificial organ development. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1491-8. [PMID: 21916011 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The concept of "organ weaving" is presented, a fabrication technique that can be an attractive option for the development of artificial tissues and organs. "Living threads" are created by immersing threads that are soaked in a CaCl(2) solution into a sodium-alginate-loaded cell suspension bath, encapsulating the cells and creating a bio-friendly, easily manageable starting material for building up larger scaffold structures. Such living threads have the advantage of being a particularly mild culturing medium for mammalian cells, protecting the cells during subsequent processing steps from dehydration and other rapid changes in the chemistry of the surrounding environment. Connecting different types of threads into 3D objects gives unique opportunities to address tissue engineering challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert R Liberski
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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A novel aminosteroid of the 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol family induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:176-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Seidel GE. Sperm sexing technology-the transition to commercial application. An introduction to the symposium "update on sexing mammalian sperm". Theriogenology 2008; 71:1-3. [PMID: 18950848 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, procedures for sexing mammalian sperm by flow cytometry/cell sorting have been refined sufficiently for large-scale commercial application in cattle; millions of doses of sexed sperm are sold each year for artificial insemination. Furthermore, more than a hundred babies are born annually from use of sexed human sperm via artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization, and to a lesser extent by injection of single sperm into oocytes. Semen sexing technology is also being applied for various objectives in a number of other species. Accuracy of sexing is around 90% in most species. However, this technology is still rather expensive, and fertility of sexed sperm is lower than unsexed controls in most instances. Speakers in this symposium, "Update on sexing mammalian sperm," held in San Diego, California on 3 January 2009, presented the latest research on sexing sperm, including documentation of success rates. The written versions were peer-reviewed and follow in this issue of Theriogenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Seidel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA
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