1
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Embryo-Maternal Communication under Healthy Conditions or Viral Infections: Lessons from a Bovine Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121858. [PMID: 35740987 PMCID: PMC9221285 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mesenchymal stem cells are a relevant cell population found in the maternal reproductive tract that exhibits the immunomodulation capacity required to prevent embryo rejection. The phenotypic plasticity showed by both endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) and embryonic trophoblast through mesenchymal to epithelial transition and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, respectively, is essential for embryo implantation. Embryonic trophoblast maintains active crosstalk via EVs and soluble proteins with eMSC and peripheral blood MSC (pbMSC) to ensure the retention of eMSC in case of pregnancy and induce the chemotaxis of pbMSC, critical for successful implantation. Early pregnancy-related proteins and angiogenic markers are detected as cargo in EVs and the soluble fraction of the embryonic trophectoderm secretome. The pattern of protein secretion in trophectoderm-EVs changes depending on their epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype and due to the uptake of MSC EVs. However, the changes in this EV-mediated communication between maternal and embryonic MSC populations infected by viruses that cause abortions in cattle are poorly understood. They are critical in the investigation of reproductive viral pathologies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gard Schnuelle J. Emerging diseases in international trade in embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:55-65. [PMID: 38769671 DOI: 10.1071/rd20207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant change in cattle production and germplasm exchange has occurred over the past 50 years. The growth of artificial reproductive technologies and their broad implementation has become commonplace. The production and subsequent import and export of semen and embryos throughout the world has increased significantly. The embryo transfer industry has reached a new record of growth, with approximately 1.5 million transferrable bovine embryos collected and/or produced in 2018. Over 1 million of these embryos were produced invitro . The increased production of invitro -produced embryos leads to greater opportunities involving international trade. However, further research concerning emerging pathogens is imperative to ensure the efficacy and safety of the embryo transfer industry. Appropriate biosecurity protocols, including reliable testing methodology and effective embryo processing procedures, are key in preventing disease due to emerging and re-emerging pathogens that can be transmitted via embryo transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gard Schnuelle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5522, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González Altamiranda EA, Arias ME, Kaiser GG, Mucci NC, Odeón AC, Felmer RN. Upregulation of interferon-alpha gene in bovine embryos produced in vitro in response to experimental infection with noncytophatic bovine-viral-diarrhea virus. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9959-9965. [PMID: 33226564 PMCID: PMC7681760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In-vitro fertilization is a routine livestock-breeding technique widely used around the world. Several studies have reported the interaction of bovine viral-diarrhea virus (BVDV) with gametes and in-vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos. Since, gene expression in BVDV-infected IVP bovine embryos is scarcely addressed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the differential expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory response. Groups of 20-25 embryos on Day 6 (morula stage) were exposed (infected) or not (control) to an NCP-BVDV strain in SOF medium. After 24 h, embryos that reached expanded blastocyst stage were washed. Total RNA of each embryo group was extracted to determine the transcription levels of 9 specific transcripts related with antiviral and inflammatory response by SYBR Green real time quantitative (RT-qPCR). Culture media and an aliquot of the last embryos wash on Day 7 were analyzed by titration and virus isolation, respectively. A conventional PCR confirmed BVDV presence in IVP embryos. A significantly higher expression of interferon-α was observed in blastocysts exposed to NCP-BVDV compared to the controls (p < 0.05). In this study, the upregulation of INFα and TLR7 genes involved in inflammatory and immune response in BVDV-infected IVP bovine embryos is a new finding in this field. This differential expression suggest that embryonic cells could function in a manner like immune cells by recognizing and responding early to interaction with viral pathogens. These results provide new insights into the action of BVDV on the complex molecular pathways controlling bovine early embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika A González Altamiranda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Balcarce, Argentina.
| | - María E Arias
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Centro de Biotecnologia Reproductiva CEBIOR-BIOREN Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Germán G Kaiser
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Nicolás C Mucci
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA CONICET, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Ricardo N Felmer
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Centro de Biotecnologia Reproductiva CEBIOR-BIOREN Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pinto AMV, Leite JPG, Marinho RS, Forezi LDS, Batalha PN, Boechat FDC, Cunha AC, Silva DO, Gama IL, Faro LV, de Souza MC, Paixão ICP. Antiviral activity of 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives against bovine herpesvirus type 5. Antivir Ther 2019; 25:13-20. [PMID: 31538962 DOI: 10.3851/imp3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine herpesvirus type 5 is an important agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle and has been identified in outbreaks of bovine neurological disease in several Brazilian states. In recent years, oxoquinoline derivatives have become an important focus in antiviral drug research. METHODS The cytotoxicity and anti BoHV-5RJ42/01 activity of a set of synthetic 4-oxoquinoline derivatives 4a-k were assayed on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cell and antiviral activity by plaque reduction assay. RESULTS The most promising substance (4h) exhibited CC50 and EC50 values of 1,239 µM ±5.5 and 6.0 µM ±1.5, respectively, with an SI =206. Two other compounds 4j (CC50 = 35 µM ±2 and EC50 = 24 µM ±7.0) and 4k (CC50= 55 µM ±2 and EC50 = 24 µM ±5.1) presented similar inhibitory profile and selectivity indexes of 1.4 and 2.9, respectively. The results of the time-of-addition studies revealed expressive reduction of virus production (≥80%) in different stages of virus replication cycle except for compound 4h that slightly inhibited virus yield in the first 2 h post infection, but it showed expressive virus inhibition after this time. CONCLUSIONS All three compounds slightly interact with the virus on the virucidal assay and they are not able to block virus attachment and penetration. Antiviral effect of oxoquinoline 4h was more prominent than acyclovir which leads us to suggest compound 4h as a promising molecule for further anti-BoHV-5 drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria V Pinto
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Melo, Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia e de Neurologia/Neurociências, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, Brazil
| | - José Paulo G Leite
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Ss Marinho
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Melo, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Luana da Sm Forezi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - Pedro N Batalha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Cs Boechat
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - Anna C Cunha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - David O Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ivson L Gama
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - Letícia V Faro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - Maria Cbv de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Química, Campus do Valonguinho - Centro - Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabel Christina P Paixão
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia e de Neurologia/Neurociências, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Queiroz-Castro VLD, da Costa EP, Alves SVP, Machado-Neves M, Guimarães JD, Gomes LL, Domingos SV, Ribeiro CG, Caldas RT, Silva-Júnior A. Bovine herpesvirus 1 can cross the intact zona pellucida of bovine oocytes after artificial infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218963. [PMID: 31318892 PMCID: PMC6638837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) is an important bovine pathogen, responsible for respiratory diseases and reproductive problems. This study investigated the penetration capacity of BHV1 into oocytes after co-incubation for either 1 h or 24 h. Immunofluorescence assays in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and denuded oocytes (without the presence of cumulus cells) were performed and evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Blood samples and ovaries from BHV1 seronegative cows were used. The oocytes recovered were divided into two groups. Group I comprised COCs (n = 312) and denuded oocytes (n = 296), which were experimentally infected with BHV1 and incubated for 1 h at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Group II comprised COCs (n = 425) and denuded oocytes (n = 405), which were co-incubated with BHV1 under the same conditions for 24 h. The negative control of these two groups was respectively subjected to the same protocol, except for exposure to BHV1. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of BHV1 detection within COCs and denuded oocytes exhibiting intact zona pellucida when co-incubated with the virus for 24 h. Immunolocalization also confirmed the presence of BHV1 in the cytoplasm of the cumulus cells of all COCs exposed to the virus after both incubation periods. In conclusion, detection of BHV1 inside oocytes has a great meaning for the field of animal reproduction. The detection of BHV1 in different layers of cumulus cells also demonstrates that these cells are sources of viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lopes Dias Queiroz-Castro
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Eduardo Paulino da Costa
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Saullo Vinicius Pereira Alves
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Division of Structural and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Domingos Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lidiany Lopes Gomes
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Domingos
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caroline Gomides Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Toledo Caldas
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Animal Reproduction, Laboratory of Oocyte Maturation and “In Vitro” Fertilization, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Department of Veterinary, Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardoso TC, Rosa ACG, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Oliveira BRSM, Vieira FV, Silva-Frade C, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Bovine herpesviruses induce different cell death forms in neuronal and glial-derived tumor cell cultures. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:725-735. [PMID: 27311457 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the ability to infect tumor cells and leave healthy cells intact. In this study, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1; Los Angeles, Cooper, and SV56/90 strains) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5; SV507/99 and GU9457818 strains) were used to infect two neuronal tumor cell lineages: neuro2a (mouse neuroblastoma cells) and C6 (rat glial cells). BHV1 and BHV5 strains infected both cell lines and positively correlated with viral antigen detection (p < 0.005). When neuro2a cells were infected by Los Angeles, SV507/99, and GU9457818 strains, 40 % of infected cells were under early apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. Infected C6 cells were >40 % in necroptosis phase when infected by BHV5 (GU9457818 strain). Blocking caspase activation did not interfere with cell death. However, when necroptosis was blocked, 60-80 % of both infected cells with either virus switched to early apoptosis pathway with no interference with virus replication. Moreover, reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction were detected at high levels in both infected cell lines. In spite of apoptosis and necroptosis blockage, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and virus transcription were positively correlated for all viral strains studied. Thus, these results contribute to the characterization of BHV1 and BHV5 as potential oncolytic viruses for non-human cells. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying their oncolytic activity in human cells are still to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina G Rosa
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
- FZEA-USP, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas H Okamura
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Bruna R S M Oliveira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Vieira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva-Frade
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Virology Section, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97115-900, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardoso TC, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Oliveira BRSM, Rosa ACG, Gameiro R, Flores EF. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative analysis of the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and BHV5 in bovine-derived neuron-like cells. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2683-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
González Altamiranda E, Manrique JM, Pérez SE, Ríos GL, Odeón AC, Leunda MR, Jones LR, Verna A. Molecular Characterization of the First Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) Strains Isolated from In Vitro Bovine Embryos production in Argentina. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132212. [PMID: 26177382 PMCID: PMC4503683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is increasingly considered as responsible for various problems of the reproductive tract. The virus infects mainly blood mononuclear cells and displays specific tropism for vascular endothelia, reproductive and fetal tissues. Epidemiological studies suggest its impact on reproductive performance, and its presence in various sites in the reproductive tract highlights its potential transmission in transfer-stage embryos. This work describes the biological and genetic characterization of BoHV-4 strains isolated from an in vitro bovine embryo production system. BoHV-4 strains were isolated in 2011 and 2013 from granulosa cells and bovine oocytes from ovary batches collected at a local abattoir, used as "starting material" for in vitro production of bovine embryos. Compatible BoHV-4-CPE was observed in the co-culture of granulosa cells and oocytes with MDBK cells. The identity of the isolates was confirmed by PCR assays targeting three ORFs of the viral genome. The phylogenetic analyses of the strains suggest that they were evolutionary unlinked. Therefore it is possible that BoHV-4 ovary infections occurred regularly along the evolution of the virus, at least in Argentina, which can have implications in the systems of in vitro embryo production. Thus, although BoHV-4 does not appear to be a frequent risk factor for in vitro embryo production, data are still limited. This study reveals the potential of BoHV-4 transmission via embryo transfer. Moreover, the high variability among the BoHV-4 strains isolated from aborted cows in Argentina highlights the importance of further research on the role of this virus as an agent with the potential to cause reproductive disease in cattle. The genetic characterization of the isolated strains provides data to better understand the pathogenesis of BoHV-4 infections. Furthermore, it will lead to fundamental insights into the molecular aspects of the virus and the means by which these strains circulate in the herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika González Altamiranda
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta M. Manrique
- Laboratorio de Virología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Sede Trelew, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Chubut, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra E. Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Glenda L. Ríos
- Laboratorio de Producción de Embriones, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C. Odeón
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María R. Leunda
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro R. Jones
- Laboratorio de Virología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Sede Trelew, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Chubut, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verna
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silva-Frade C, Gameiro R, Okamura LH, Flores EF, Cardoso TC. Programmed cell death-associated gene transcripts in bovine embryos exposed to bovine Herpesvirus type 5. Mol Cell Probes 2014; 28:113-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Gard JA, Stringfellow DA. Shaping the norms that regulate international commerce of embryos. Theriogenology 2014; 81:56-66. [PMID: 24274410 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As various embryo technologies in livestock were developed and evolved to a state of usefulness over the past 40 years, scientists with a specific interest in infectious diseases sought to determine the epidemiologic consequences of movement, especially international movement, of increasing numbers of embryos. Many of the foundational studies in this area were reported in Theriogenology, beginning in the 1970s and especially throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Unquestionably, Theriogenology has been a widely used venue for dissemination of basic information on this subject, which ultimately led to the development of the now universally accepted techniques for certification of embryo health. Today it is well-recognized that movement in commerce of embryos, especially in vivo-derived embryos, is a very low-risk method for exchange of animal germ plasm. This paper chronicles the evolution of strategies for health certification of embryos. An overview is provided of the calculated efforts of practitioners, scientists, and regulators to organize, forge necessary partnerships, stimulate needed research, provide purposeful analysis of the results, and, through these processes, guarantee the universal acceptance of efficient protocols for certifying the health of embryos intended for movement in international commerce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Gard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pelzer ES, Harris JE, Allan JA, Waterhouse MA, Ross T, Beagley KW, Knox CL. TUNEL analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse unfertilized oocytes: the effect of microorganisms within human follicular fluid collected during IVF cycles. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 99:69-79. [PMID: 23972717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported the presence of bacteria within follicular fluid. Previous studies have reported that DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa after in vivo or in vitro incubation with bacteria results in early embryo demise and a reduced rate of ongoing pregnancy, but the effect of bacteria on oocytes is unknown. This study examined the DNA within mouse oocytes after 12 hours' incubation within human follicular fluids (n=5), which were collected from women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Each follicular fluid sample was cultured to detect the presence of bacteria. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to label DNA fragmentation in ovulated, non-fertilized mouse oocytes following in vitro incubation in human follicular fluid. The bacteria Streptococcus anginosus and Peptoniphilus spp., Lactobacillus gasseri (low-dose), L. gasseri (high-dose), Enterococcus faecalis, or Propionibacterium acnes were detected within the follicular fluids. The most severe DNA fragmentation was observed in oocytes incubated in the follicular fluids containing P. acnes or L. gasseri (high-dose). No DNA fragmentation was observed in the mouse oocytes incubated in the follicular fluid containing low-dose L. gasseri or E. faecalis. Low human oocyte fertilization rates (<29%) were associated with extensive fragmentation in mouse oocytes (80-100%). Bacteria colonizing human follicular fluid in vivo may cause DNA fragmentation in mouse oocytes following 12h of in vitro incubation. Follicular fluid bacteria may result in poor quality oocytes and/or embryos, leading to poor IVF outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Pelzer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; The Wesley Research Institute, Women's Health Laboratory, The Wesley Hospital, P.O. Box 499, Toowong, Brisbane 4066, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Validation of a reference control for an SYBR-Green fluorescence assay-based real-time PCR for detection of bovine herpesvirus 5 in experimentally exposed bovine embryos. Mol Cell Probes 2013; 27:237-42. [PMID: 23831485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize an internal control to improve SYBR-Green-based qPCR to amplify/detect the BoHV-5 US9 gene in bovine embryos produced in vitro and experimentally exposed to the virus. We designed an SYBR-Green-based binding assay that is quick to perform, reliable, easily optimized and compares well with the published assay. Herein we demonstrated its general applicability to detect BoHV-5 US9 gene in bovine embryos produced in vitro experimentally exposed to BoHV-5. In order to validate the assay, three different reference genes were tested; and the histone 2a gene was shown to be the most adequate for normalizing the qPCR reaction, by considering melting and standard curves (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no differences were found in the development of bovine embryos in vitro whether they were exposed to BoHV-5 reference and field strains comparing to unexposed embryos. The developed qPCR assay may have important field applications as it provides an accurate BoHV-5 US9 gene detection using a proven reference gene and is considerably less expensive than the TaqMan qPCR currently employed in sanitary programs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cardoso TC, Novais JB, Antello TF, Silva-Frade C, Ferrarezi MC, Ferrari HF, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Susceptibility of neuron-like cells derived from bovine Wharton's jelly to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infections. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:242. [PMID: 23227933 PMCID: PMC3528423 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), frequently lethal in cattle, is associated with significant agricultural economic losses due to neurological disease. Cattle and rabbits are frequently used as models to study the biology and pathogenesis of BoHV-5 infection. In particular, neural invasion and proliferation are two of the factors important in BoHV-5 infection. The present study investigated the potential of bovine Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (bWJ-MSCs) to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype and support robust BoHV-5 replication. Results Upon inducing differentiation within a defined neuronal specific medium, most bWJ-MSCs acquired the distinctive neuronal morphological features and stained positively for the neuronal/glial markers MAP2 (neuronal microtubule associated protein 2), N200 (neurofilament 200), NT3 (neutrophin 3), tau and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Expression of nestin, N200, β-tubulin III (TuJI) and GFAP was further demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following BoHV-5 inoculation, there were low rates of cell detachment, good cell viability at 96 h post-infection (p.i.), and small vesicles developed along neuronal branches. Levels of BoHV-5 antigens and DNA were associated with the peak in viral titres at 72 h p.i. BoHV-5 glycoprotein C mRNA expression was significantly correlated with production of progeny virus at 72 h p.i. (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results demonstrated the ability of bWJ-MSCs to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype in vitro and support productive BoHV-5 replication. These findings constitute a remarkable contribution to the in vitro study of neurotropic viruses. This work may pave the way for bWJ-MSCs to be used as an alternative to animal models in the study of BoHV-5 biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- UNESP - University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brenner MPC, Silva-Frade C, Ferrarezi MC, Garcia AF, Flores EF, Cardoso TC. Evaluation of developmental changes in bovine in vitro produced embryos following exposure to bovine Herpesvirus type 5. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:53. [PMID: 22823939 PMCID: PMC3447700 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Herpesvirus type-5 (BoHV-5) is a neurovirulent α-Herpesvirus which is potentially pathogenic for cows and suspected to be associated with reproductive disorders. Interestingly, natural transmission of BoHV-5 by contaminated semen was recently described in Australia. Additionally, BoHV-5 was also isolated from the semen of a healthy bull in the same country and incriminated in a natural outbreak of reproductive disease after artificial insemination. In contrast with BoHV-1, experimental exposure of in vitro produced bovine embryos to BoHV-5 does not affect embryo viability and seems to inhibit some pathways of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for these phenomena are poorly understood. In this study, we examined mitochondrial activity, antioxidant protection, stress response and developmental rates of in vitro produced bovine embryos that were exposed and unexposed to BoHV-5. METHODS For this purpose, bovine embryos produced in vitro were assayed for cell markers after experimental infection of oocytes (n = 30; five repetitions), in vitro fertilization and development. The indirect immunofluorescence was employed to measure the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), anti-oxidant like protein 1 (AOP-1), heat shock protein 70.1 (Hsp 70.1) and also viral antigens in embryos derived from BoHV-5 exposed and unexposed oocytes. The determination of gene transcripts of mitochondrial activity (SOD1), antioxidant protection (AOP-1) and stress response (Hsp70.1) were evaluated using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MitoTracker Green FM, JC-1 and Hoechst 33342-staining were used to evaluate mitochondrial distribution, segregation patterns and embryos morphology. The intensity of labeling was graded semi-quantitatively and embryos considered intensively marked were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The quality of the produced embryos was not affected by exposure to BoHV-5. Of the 357 collected oocytes, 313 (+/- 6.5; 87.7%) were cleaved and 195 (+/- 3.2; 54.6%) blastocysts were produced without virus exposure. After exposure, 388 oocytes were cleaved into 328 (+/- 8.9, 84.5%), and these embryos produced 193 (+/- 3.2, 49.7%) blastocysts. Viral DNA corresponding to the US9 gene was only detected in embryos at day 7 after in vitro culture, and confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). These results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between exposed and unexposed oocytes fertilized, as MitoTracker Green FM staining Fluorescence intensity of Jc-1 staining was significantly higher (p < 0.005) among exposed embryos (143 +/- 8.2). There was no significant difference between the ratios of Hoechst 33342-stained nuclei and total cells in good-quality blastocysts (in both the exposed and unexposed groups). Using IFA and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the set of target transcripts (SOD1, AOP-1 and Hsp 70.1), there were differences in the mRNA and respective proteins between the control and exposed embryos. Only the exposed embryos produced anti-oxidant protein-like 1 (AOP-1). However, neither the control nor the exposed embryos produced the heat shock protein Hsp 70.1. Interestingly, both the control and the exposed embryos produced superoxide dismutase (SOD1), revealing intense mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration of SOD1 and AOP-1 production in bovine embryos exposed to BoHV-5. Intense mitochondrial activity was also observed during infection, and this occurred without interfering with the quality or number of produced embryos. These findings further our understanding on the ability of α-Herpesviruses to prevent apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana PC Brenner
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva-Frade
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Marina C Ferrarezi
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Garcia
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Maria, RS, 97115-900, Brazil
| | - Tereza C Cardoso
- UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Virology, University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, 16050-680, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Souza DG, Silva-Frade C, Martins A, Cardoso TC. Bull semen variables after experimental exposure with Bovine Herpesvirus type 5. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 124:55-60. [PMID: 21353404 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) infection on semen variables and sperm morphology collected from healthy bulls with no reproductive disorder was evaluated in ten ejaculates distributed into two experimental groups: group I, bull semen exposed to 10(2.3) (tissue culture infectious dose) TCID(50)/50 μl of a Brazilian strain of BoHV-5 (US9/BR/2007; GU9457818) and group II, unexposed bull control semen. After experimental infection, the semen was frozen-thawed prior to computerized analysis (CASA) of sperm motility and movement. Also analyzed were sperm phosphatidylserine transposition, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial function, plasma membrane integrity and Annexin V expression. Viable BoHV-5 particles and their DNA were detected in infected semen after virus isolation and in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. The ISH revealed the BoHV-5 US9 gene in the acrosome and tail of infected spermatozoa. The only remarkable differences between groups I and II were the sperm kinetic variables, whereby infected sperm had a lesser mean velocity (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) values as compared to controls (P≤0.05). However, the straightness coefficient (STR) and beat cross frequency (BCF) values were higher in infected sperm. These results indicate that BoHV-5 can be found in infected sperm but induces no functional and morphological damage even after freeze-thawing, and, importantly, BoHV-5 can be spread via in vitro and in vivo reproductive biotechnology procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gouveia Souza
- University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State, 16050-680, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|