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Santos CS, Cavalcante YCDS, Campos LB, da Silva AM, Feijó FMC, Silva AR. Investigating the safety of antibiotics added to collared peccary ( Pecari tajacu) semen extender through a multiparametric thermoresistance test. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20240018. [PMID: 39176006 PMCID: PMC11340791 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2024-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of antibiotics on sperm longevity in collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) fresh diluted semen was evaluated. Semen samples from six adult males were collected by electroejaculation and diluted in Tris-citrate-fructose alone (control) and plus streptomycin-penicillin (2 mg/ml-2000 IU/ml) or gentamicin (70 µg/ml). Membrane integrity and functionality, mitochondrial activity and sperm morphology were assessed subjectively. Sperm motility and other kinetic parameters were objectively assessed using CASA (computer-assisted semen analysis). The semen diluted according to the treatments were submitted to the thermoresistance test, incubated at 37 ° C, and the sperm parameters analyzed at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. The average values of the treatments were compared with each other and between the times. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments until the end of the test. Control and streptomycin-penicillin samples maintained sperm function for up to 180 min (with total motility of 24.3 ± 7.1% and 28 ± 8.7%, respectively). Gentamicin aliquots retained most parameters until the end of the incubation, except for membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity that declined (P < 0.05) at 180 min (53.1 ± 7.1% and 50.7 ± 6.2%, respectively) compared to 0 min (80.5 ± 4.7% and 86.3 ± 3.4%, respectively). In conclusion, a multiparametric thermoresistance test proved that Tris-based extenders used for collared peccary semen can be effectively supplemented by streptomycin-penicillin (2 mg/ml-2000 IU/ml) or gentamicin (70 µg/ml), especially during 180-min incubation at 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Sérgio Santos
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Yasmim Carla da Silva Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Lívia Batista Campos
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Andréia Maria da Silva
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Virologia, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, Mossoró RN, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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Dantas MRT, Luz NRN, Bezerra LGP, Moreira SSJ, de Oliveira MF, Silva AR. Evaluation of sperm membrane functionality during epididymal transit in red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:912-918. [PMID: 35500154 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the sperm membrane functionality through the epididymal transit by comparing different hypoosmotic solutions and verifying possible associations among osmotic response and functional parameters of sperm in red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). For this purpose, epidydimal sperm from six sexually mature male agoutis were collected via flotation. Then, analyses of sperm parameters and hypoosmotic swelling test using different hypoosmotic solutions (0 mOsm/l, 50 mOsm/l, and 200 mOsm/l) in different regions of the epididymis (caput, corpus, and cauda) were performed. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the values for sperm concentration, total number of sperm recovered, total and progressive motility, average path velocity, straightline velocity, curvilinear velocity, rapid and medium subpopulations following the caput-corpus-cauda direction. Regardless the hypoosmotic solution, agouti sperm membrane presented similar functional integrity in all the epididymal regions. Moreover, the highest (P < 0.05) osmotic responses were reached at the use of 50 mOsm/l solution in comparison to 0 mOsm/l and 200 mOsm/l for all the regions. Significant correlations among osmotic response and some sperm kinetic parameters were especially observed in epidydimal caput, while no correlations were found in the region of the cauda. In summary, red-rumped agouti sperm present similar membrane functionality during epidydimal transit, but there are evident correlations among such functionality and sperm kinetic parameters, especially at the caput region. Moreover, we indicate the use of a 50 mOsm/l hypoosmotic solution for the analysis of this parameter through the hypoosmotic swelling test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Roberto Tavares Dantas
- Laboratory on Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Nayra Rachel Nascimento Luz
- Laboratory on Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Luana Grasiele Pereira Bezerra
- Laboratory on Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Samara Sandy Jerônimo Moreira
- Laboratory on Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Moacir Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Km 47, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory on Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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Sousa P, Amorim R, Lima G, Paiva A, Paula V, Freitas C, Silva A. Establishment of an anesthetic protocol for semen collection by electroejaculation in six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim was to verify the effects of different anesthetic protocols used during electroejaculation (EEJ) in six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus). Four sexually matured animals were physically restrained and subjected to semen collection by the EEJ following three treatments: The control group consisted of no use of anesthesia; in the others, the anesthetic combinations xylazine/ketamine/propofol or butorphanol/ ketamine/propofol were administered. For each group, twelve procedures were conducted for EEJ. Semen was evaluated for volume, color, aspect, motility, sperm concentration, morphology, viability, and functional membrane integrity. The highest efficiency (100% ejaculates) was achieved when the control group was used; the xylazine/ketamine/propofol association provided only 11 ejaculates from a total of 12 attempts (91.6% efficiency), while only 4 ejaculates (33% efficiency) were obtained with butorphanol/ketamine/propofol (P<0.05). Both protocols provided rapid induction and relaxation enough to perform the EEJ. In the use of butorphanol/ketamine/propofol, the animals recovered at 16.5±1.5min, a time shorter than in the use of xylazine/ketamine/propofol protocol, 20.7±1.0min (P>0.05). The semen volume and sperm concentration obtained in the use of xylazine/ketamine/propofol association were significantly higher than those verified for butorphanol/ketamine/propofol protocol. In conclusion, the xylazine/ketamine/propofol association is indicated for anesthesia of six-banded armadillos submitted to EEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.C. Sousa
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Brazil
| | | | - G.L. Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Brazil
| | | | - V.V. Paula
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Brazil
| | | | - A.R. Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Brazil
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Sousa PC, Santos EA, Silva AM, Bezerra JA, Souza AL, Lima GL, Oliveira MF, Silva AR. Identification of ultrastructural and functional damages in sperm from six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) due to cryopreservation. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The aim of the study was to cryopreserve the semen of six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) in Tris-yolk and glycerol diluent, and to determine the damage caused by the freezing-thawing process, using fluorescent markers and ultrastructural analysis. Semen samples (n=11) collected from 4 adult six-banded armadillos by electroejaculation were cryopreserved in Tris diluent plus 20% egg yolk and 3% glycerol, in a fast freezing curve. Classical analysis of samples was performed after dilution, refrigeration and thawing, followed by fluorescence analysis, using a combination of fluorescent probes to assess membrane integrity (propidium iodide - PI and Hoechst - H342), and mitochondrial activity (CMXRos - Mito Tracker Red®). We also used the ultrastructural analysis to verify possible morphological alterations caused by cryoinjuries. When compared with fresh samples, we verified a significant decline in all the armadillos' semen parameters after thawing, in which only 6.1% motile sperm were found. However, the percentage of sperm which remained with viable (13%) and functional (24.7%) membranes after thawing suggests that some cells could be live but immotile. Analysis using fluorescent markers revealed that the mitochondria of armadillos' sperm is highly sensible to the freezing protocol and the findings through ultrastructure analysis proved this statement. Additionally, the images obtained by transmission electron microscopy revealed that frozen-thawed sperm presented damaged plasma membrane, nuclear modifications as changes in chromatin and acrossomal changes relative to sperm capacitation. In conclusion, this study is the first attempt to cryopreserve the semen of an armadillo species, and to help us to identify critical points on the freezing-thawing procedure in order to improve the protocol.
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Semen characteristics and refrigeration in free-ranging giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Theriogenology 2015; 84:1572-80. [PMID: 26376226 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is considered vulnerable to extinction. Scientific data on the reproductive parameters of this species are scarce. Semen from eight free-ranging giant anteaters was collected to establish its characteristics and the effects of cooling and storage at 5 °C after dilution with the BotuCrio extender without cryoprotectant. The ejaculate presented two distinct sequential fractions, including a whitish fraction, which was milky and rich in sperm cells, and a gel fraction, which was colorless, viscous, and azoospermic. The mean ± standard error of the mean values of the seminal characteristics were as follows: volume of the first fraction, 0.75 ± 0.1 mL; motility, 75 ± 2.9%; vigor, 3.2 ± 0.3; sperm motility index, 68.8 ± 4.3; concentration, 108.5 ± 13.4 × 10(6)/mL; plasma membrane integrity index, 71 ± 4.0%; spermatic defects detected using modified Karras staining, 35.5 ± 3.3%; and spermatic alterations identified by differential interference contrast microscopy, 48.3 ± 6.8%. During refrigeration, the semen presented decreasing motility from 0 to 18 hours, sperm motility index decreased from 0 to 24 hours, and vigor did not change in the first 6 hours and then decreased to 18 hours.
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Sousa P, Santos E, Bezerra J, Lima G, Castelo T, Fontenele-Neto J, Silva A. Morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure of captive six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus) sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 140:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Howell-Stephens J, Bernier D, Brown JS, Mulkerin D, Santymire RM. Using non-invasive methods to characterize gonadal hormonal patterns of southern three-banded armadillos (Tolypeutes matacus) housed in North American zoos. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:314-23. [PMID: 23541612 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the basic reproductive biology and limitations to successful breeding of the southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus) is necessary to maintain viable zoo populations. Our objectives were to: 1) describe the reproductive biology using non-invasive, fecal hormone analysis; 2) assess influence of season on gonadal hormonal patterns in both the sexes; 3) characterize reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in the female; and 4) characterize the onset of sexual maturity in males. Nineteen armadillos were monitored including: 13 (7 males, 6 females) from Lincoln Park Zoo and six (3 males, 3 females) from San Antonio Zoological Garden. Fecal samples (n=5220; 275/animal/yr) were collected 5 to 7 times a week for 1 year. Hormones were extracted from feces and analyzed for progestagen (females) and androgen (males) metabolite concentrations using enzyme immunoassays. Mean estrous cycle length (26.4±1.3 days) did not vary (P<0.05) among individuals (n=9). Mean gestation length (n=3) was 114.0±0.6 days long with mean fecal progestagen metabolites increasing 10-fold during pregnancy. Seasons did not influence (P<0.05) fecal androgen or progestagen metabolites. These data can assist with management decisions, which will directly affect the success of this species in zoos.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Howell-Stephens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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