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Smith AMJ, Bonato M, Dzama K, Malecki IA, Cloete SWP. Liquid storage of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) semen at 5 °C through intermediate dilution. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 249:107148. [PMID: 36621189 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dilution rate, dilution temperature and storage time have been recognized as vital steps in the processing of semen for storage before artificial insemination. The objective of this study was to determine optimal dilution and dilution temperature with an ostrich-specific semen extender for chilled storage. Four preselected ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) males, known for their ease of collection and specific semen quality parameters, were collected using the "dummy" female method. Dilution of 384 semen samples, at rates of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 semen/diluent ratio with a diluent set at 5, 21 and 38 °C was performed and stored for 48 h at 5 °C. In vitro sperm function tests were conducted to evaluate treated semen during different storage intervals of 1, 5, 24 and 48 h. Motility and kinematic parameters were measured by the Sperm Class Analyzer®, the percentage live sperm measured by fluorescence SYBR14®/PI (LIVE/DEAD®), the percentage of sperm able to resist the hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) stress test and sperm morphology determined by Nigrosin-Eosin staining. Progressive motility (PMOT), motility (MOT), sperm kinematics, LIVE and HOS were best (P < 0.05) maintained at a higher dilution of 1:4-1:8. The beneficial effect (P < 0.05) of a higher dilution temperature (21 °C) was prominent in terms of PMOT at a higher dilution. Storage of chilled semen at 5 °C requires dilution, at interpolated rates of 1:6-1:7, together with an extender temperature of 21 °C, to maintain optimal sperm function with minimal loss over a 48 h storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M J Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - M Bonato
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - K Dzama
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - I A Malecki
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - S W P Cloete
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Directorate Animal Sciences, Elsenburg, Private Bag XI, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa
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Farooq U, Malecki IA, Mahmood M, Martin GB. Age-related declines in ejaculate quality and sperm kinematics vary among strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 55:64-73. [PMID: 31693756 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For successful breeding programs, it is important to quantify the useful period of a male's reproductive life and it is often done simply by measurement of semen quality. This information is lacking for Japanese quail so we tested whether there is a decline in ejaculate quality and sperm kinematics with age, and whether the decline varies among strains. Nine males (n = 9) from each of 5 strains (A, B, C, D and E) were subjected to 4 semen collections (n = 16 per male) at 8, 16, 26 and 36 weeks of age. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were measured, and sperm kinematics were analysed using a Sperm Class Analyser (SCA® ). There was a significant effect of age for ejaculate volume, total sperm per ejaculate and per cent medium sperm. The effect of the interaction between age and strain was significant for percent progressive motile sperm, percent rapid sperm, velocity curvilinear, velocity straight line, velocity average path, linearity, straightness and beat cross frequency. Ejaculate volume peaked at Week 26 in all strains, while peak values for sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were observed at Week 16 for most strains. There were declines in percent motile sperm, progressive motile sperm and rapid sperm, and in velocity curvilinear velocity, velocity straight line and velocity average path, by Week 16 for most strains. Linearity declined by Week 26 in some strains, and all strains showed a significant decline in beat cross frequency by that age. In conclusion, the ability of CASA to detect age-related changes in sperm kinematics makes it a valuable tool for identifying the best males and thus improving quail flock fertility. It is essential that breeders understand that age affects both sperm production and sperm kinematics, and that the changes vary with strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Farooq
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.,UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.,Department of Poultry Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Toba Tek Singh, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Irek A Malecki
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.,UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Misbah Mahmood
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Graeme B Martin
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.,UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia
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Smith A, Bonato M, Dzama K, Malecki I, Cloete S. Classification of ostrich sperm characteristics. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 168:138-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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