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Acevedo C, Barfield JP. Review: Reproductive physiology of bison and application of assisted reproductive technologies to their conservation. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100842. [PMID: 37567664 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bison are an ecologically and culturally important species on the European and North American continents. Their near extirpation was met with conservation efforts that prevented their extinction but left few animals or highly fragmented populations. Contemporary conservation efforts are focused on building ecologically and genetically sustainable bison herds for long-term conservation of the species. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) can play a key role in building these herds by facilitating the movement of genetics in the form of gametes and embryos, while protecting animal well-being and ensuring biosecurity of existing bison herds. In addition, ARTs such as gamete and embryo cryopreservation can be used to protect against future losses of genetic diversity through biobanking. In this review, a brief summary of basic bison reproductive physiology is presented followed by an overview of the current state of ART in Bison bison (American bison) and Bison bonasus (European bison or wisent). Research on ART ranging from artificial insemination to in vitro embryo transfer and cloning is discussed with particular regard to the application of ART for conservation purposes. While significant progress has been made in ART for bison, there are still many opportunities to improve these technologies and expand their impact for bison conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Acevedo
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Jennifer P Barfield
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
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2
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Yang SX, Adams GP, Zwiefelhofer EM, Rajapaksha K, Anzar M. Cholesterol-cyclodextrin complex as a replacement for egg yolk in bull semen extender: sperm characteristics post-thawing and in vivo fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 225:106691. [PMID: 33454617 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Egg yolk, a major semen extender constituent, lacks a defined composition, therefore, there are biosecurity concerns with use of egg yolk. Cryopreservation of bull semen without inclusion of animal protein in the semen extender, therefore, is an important consideration. Cholesterol may be delivered and incorporated into the sperm plasma membrane by cyclodextrins to protect sperm during cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to determine suitability of a cholesterol-cyclodextrin semen extender, without inclusion of egg yolk, for cryopreservation of bull semen. Bull semen was collected and cryopreserved in either egg yolk or with inclusions of three different concentrations of cholesterol-cyclodextrin complex (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/mL semen) in Tris-glycerol (TG) extender. Sperm motion characteristics examined using the computer-assisted sperm analysis, and plasma membrane and acrosome integrity examined using flow cytometry, were similar for all extenders. The inclusion of the greatest concentration of cholesterol-cyclodextrin complex (2 mg/mL semen) followed by dilution in TG extender resulted in lesser pregnancy rates (P < 0.05). There was a pregnancy rate of as great as 56 % when sperm cryopreserved in 0.5 mg/mL cholesterol-cyclodextrin Tris-glycerol extender were used for artificial insemination following imposing of a hormonal treatment regimen for synchrony of timing of ovarian functions among cows for conducting fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Results indicate cholesterol-cyclodextrin Tris-glycerol extender, with a chemically defined composition and without inclusion of egg yolk, may be used to cryopreserve bull sperm with there being acceptable pregnancy rates when this semen is used for FTAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve X Yang
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gregg P Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Eric M Zwiefelhofer
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Kosala Rajapaksha
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Anzar
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Yang SX, Adams GP, Palomino JM, Huanca WF, Lessard C, Rajapaksha K, Anzar M. Cryopreservation of bison semen without exogenous protein in extender and its fertility potential in vitro and in vivo following fixed-time artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2020; 152:156-164. [PMID: 32422415 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Successful cryopreservation of bison semen is fundamental for restoration of genetic diversity in Canada's wood bison. Conventional bovine semen extenders contain animal products, such as egg yolk and milk, which are undesirable because of biosecurity risks and undefined composition. In this study, we examined the efficacy of an exogenous protein-free extender containing cholesterol-cyclodextrin complex (CC) to cryopreserve bison semen. The study also provided an opportunity to determine the effectiveness of different ovulation synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination in bison. Semen was collected from wood bison bulls via electroejaculation and cryopreserved in either Tris-egg yolk-glycerol (called 'TEYG') extender or pretreated with CC (2 mg/mL semen) and diluted in Tris-glycerol (collectively called 'CC-TG') extender. Post-thaw sperm motion characteristics and in vitro fertilization of cattle oocytes confirmed that CC alone without egg yolk protected bison sperm during cryopreservation process. In the first fertility trial, however, no pregnancy was obtained following fixed-time artificial insemination of bison cows with CC-TG extender. In a follow-up trial, low concentration of CC (1 mg/mL semen) resulted in better post-thaw sperm motion characteristics, fertility rate, and birth of live calves following fixed-time artificial insemination. Results showed that 1 mg CC/mL semen completely replaced egg yolk in bison semen extender. In addition, both follicular ablation and steroid treatment protocols provided ovulation synchrony to permit successful application of fixed-time artificial insemination in bison. This is the first report on the birth of live bison calves following fixed-time artificial insemination using semen cryopreserved in a defined extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve X Yang
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gregg P Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Jesus M Palomino
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Willian F Huanca
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Carl Lessard
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Kosala Rajapaksha
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Anzar
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Ushiyama A, Ishikawa N, Tajima A, Asano A. Comparison of Membrane Characteristics between Freshly Ejaculated and Cryopreserved Sperm in the Chicken. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:305-312. [PMID: 32908398 PMCID: PMC7477166 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreserved sperm undergoes serious damage which affects its fertilizing ability. Despite progress in understanding the nature of functional deterioration in mammalian sperm, little is known about the mechanism involved in the induction of functional damage in avian sperm. Cellular membranes are considered the primary site of cryodamage to sperm. Membrane rafts are specific membrane regions enriched in sterols, ganglioside GM1, and functional proteins and they play important roles in the regulation of diverse functions exerted in mammalian sperm during fertilization. Several reports investigating cryopreservation-induced membrane changes in mammalian sperm have suggested that cryopreservation induces a compositional alteration of membrane rafts via a loss of membrane sterols, leading to impaired fertilizing ability. Recently, we demonstrated that membrane rafts are present in chicken sperm. Therefore, we investigated a possible mechanism for the induction of functional damage in cryopreserved chicken sperm, with particular attention to cryopreservation-induced compositional changes in membrane rafts. Sterol quantification showed that loss of sterols from sperm membranes occurred following cryopreservation. Biochemical analyses of detergent-insoluble membranes showed that the lipid and protein compositions of membrane rafts were altered dramatically by cryopreservation. To determine the physiological role of these changes, we examined external translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS), representing an early apoptotic change, and found that cryopreservation induced apoptotic changes in chicken sperm. Furthermore, methyl-β-cyclodextrin-induced loss of sterols from the plasma membranes stimulated PS translocation that was not accompanied with caspase-3 activation, which plays an important role downstream of the apoptotic cascade. Based on the results obtained in this study, we discuss a new mechanism for reduction of the fertilizing ability in avian sperm after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ushiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Crichton EG, Malo C, Pukazhenthi BS, Nagy P, Skidmore JA. Evaluation of cholesterol- treated dromedary camel sperm function by heterologous IVF and AI. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 174:20-28. [PMID: 27622555 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol (cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins: CLC) treatment of dromedary camel sperm prior to freezing enhances cryosurvival. The present study first validated the efficacy of a heterologous zona-free goat oocyte assay (n=115 oocytes) to evaluate camel sperm function in vitro (Experiment 1: n=6 bulls), then examined the effects of CLC treatment (1.5mg/mL CLC; CLC+) versus no treatment (0 CLC) of fresh (Experiment 2: n=4 bulls) and frozen-thawed (Experiment 3: n=5 bulls) camel sperm to penetrate, de-condense and form pro-nuclei in in vitro-matured goat oocytes. Finally, the ability of fresh 0 CLC and CLC+ sperm to fertilize in vivo was studied by artificially inseminating super-ovulated females (n=7-9 per treatment) and examining embryo production (Experiment 4: n=4-5 bulls/treatment). Camel spermatozoa penetrated (60%) and formed pro-nuclei (33%) in goat oocytes demonstrating the utility of this heterologous system for assessing sperm function in vitro. For fresh spermatozoa, 0 CLC-treated sperm performed better than their CLC+ counterparts for all parameters measured (P<0.05). In contrast, cryopreservation resulted in a sharp decline in sperm-oocyte interaction in 0 CLC aliquots but remained unaltered in CLC+ aliquots demonstrating a protective effect of cholesterol treatment. There was no difference between treatments in the in vitro fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed sperm or in the numbers of embryos retrieved following AI with fresh 0 CLC or CLC+ sperm. We conclude that although CLC treatment of dromedary camel sperm improves sperm motility it fails to confer an advantage to them in terms of improved in vitro sperm-oocyte interaction or in vivo fertilization under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Malo
- Camel Reproduction Centre, PO Box 79914, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Budhan S Pukazhenthi
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Peter Nagy
- Emirates Industries for Camel Milk and Products (EICMP), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Julian A Skidmore
- Camel Reproduction Centre, PO Box 79914, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Fayyaz MH, Ahmad M, Ahmad N. Survival of buffalo bull spermatozoa: effect on structure and function due to alpha-lipoic acid and cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Fayyaz
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
- Arid Zone Research Institute; Pakistan Agricultural Research Council; Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - M. Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - N. Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
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Protective effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin pretreatment against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage in ram sperm. Cryobiology 2015; 71:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yildiz C, Yavas I, Bozkurt Y, Aksoy M. Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin on cryosurvival and fertility of cryopreserved carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm. Cryobiology 2015; 70:190-4. [PMID: 25661710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Addition of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) to the diluents of mammalian semen increased stability and rigidity of phospholipid hydrocarbon chains of plasma membrane during sperm cryopreservation process. CLC has been tested successfully as cryoprotectant in various livestock sperm cryopreservation protocols but its efficacy for cryopreserving of fish sperm has not previously been tested. In the present study, different cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin concentrations were evaluated for the cryopreservation of carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm. Sexually mature fish were induced to spermiation and ovulation with Ovopel. The extenders were prepared by using 300 mM glucose and 10% DMSO supplemented with different concentrations of CLC (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0mg per 120×10(6) spermatozoa) and without CLC (control). The pooled semen was diluted separately at a ratio of 1:3 (v/v) by using CLC extenders. Diluted semen placed into 0.25 ml straws were equilibrated at 4°C for 15 min and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Fertilization was conducted using a ratio of 1×10(5) spermatozoa/egg. Fresh sperm with no treatment showed the greatest sperm motility, duration of motility, viability, and fertilization results compared to the other tested cryopreserved and control groups (p<0.05). Supplementation of 1.5 mg CLC to the extender showed the best cryoprotective effect for sperm motility, duration of motility, and viability against freezing damage in comparison to extenders containing 2.5 mg, 3.0 mg CLC, and control group (p<0.05). Cryopreserved sperm containing 1.5 mg CLC provided greater result in term of fertilization success when compared to other extenders containing 0.5, 2.5, and 3.0 mg CLC or control (p<0.05). The amount of CLC effected post-thaw sperm quality and fertility as a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that treatment of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin for carp sperm cryopreservation significantly improves cell cryosurvival and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Yildiz
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Ilker Yavas
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Bozkurt
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Melih Aksoy
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
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Abstract
Cell membranes can be modified using cyclodextrins loaded with lipids or unilamellar liposomes. Lipid choice can greatly influence the organization of the targeted membrane and result in a cell that is more capable of surviving cryopreservation due to altered membrane-phase transition properties or membrane reorganization that may alter the normal physiologic processes of the treated cell. The protocols described here explain the preparation of the cyclodextrins and liposomes, impact of the amount and type of lipids, and general principles for treating cells using either of these technologies.
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Cholesterol addition aids the cryopreservation of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2015; 83:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Almadaly E, Hoshino Y, Ueta T, Mukoujima K, Shukry M, Farrag F, El-Kon I, Kita K, Murase T. Desalted and lyophilized bovine seminal plasma delays induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa in response to calcium ionophore. Theriogenology 2015; 83:175-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin pretreatment of ram spermatozoa protects structural integrity of plasma membrane during osmotic challenge and reduces their ability to undergo acrosome reaction in vitro. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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