1
|
Etchevers L, Stassi A, Belotti E, Diaz P, Durante L, Notaro U, Chiaraviglio J, Rey F, Salvetti N, Ortega H, Amweg A. Exogenous ACTH stimulus during the preovulatory period alters patterns of leukocyte recruitment in the ovary of dairy cows. Theriogenology 2023; 195:176-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
2
|
Villarraza CJ, Antuña S, Tardivo MB, Rodríguez MC, Mussio P, Cattaneo L, Fontana D, Díaz PU, Ortega HH, Tríbulo A, Macagno A, Bó GA, Ceaglio N, Prieto C. Development of a suitable manufacturing process for production of a bioactive recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (reCG) in CHO-K1 cells. Theriogenology 2021; 172:8-19. [PMID: 34082223 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone produced by pregnant mares that has been used to improve reproductive performance in different domestic species. Several strategies to produce the hormone in a recombinant way have been reported; nevertheless, no approach has been able to produce a recombinant eCG (reCG) with significant in vivo bioactivity or in sufficient quantities for commercial purposes. For this reason, the only current product available on the market consists of partially purified preparations from serum of pregnant mares (PMSG). Herein, we describe a highly efficient process based on third-generation lentiviral vectors as delivery method for the production of reCG in suspension CHO-K1 cells, with productivities above 20 IU 106 cell-1.d-1 and 70% purification yields after one purification step. Importantly, reCG demonstrated biological activity in cattle, since around 30 μg of reCG were needed to exert the same biologic effect of 400 IU of PMSG in an ovulation synchronization protocol. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed strategy represents an attractive option for the production of reCG and constitutes an auspicious alternative for the replacement of animals as a source of PMSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Javier Villarraza
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Antuña
- Biotecnofe S.A., PTLC, Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, (CP3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - María Celeste Rodríguez
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Mussio
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Diego Fontana
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cellargen Biotech S.R.L., Antonia Godoy 6369 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Biotecnofe S.A., PTLC, Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, (CP3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo U Díaz
- UNL, FCV, R.P. Kreder, 2805, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- UNL, FCV, R.P. Kreder, 2805, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andres Tríbulo
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Paraje Pozo Del Tigre, Zona Rural Gral, Paz, (X5145), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Macagno
- Instituto AP de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa Del Rosario, (X5963), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto AP de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa Del Rosario, (X5963), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Paraje Pozo Del Tigre, Zona Rural Gral, Paz, (X5145), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cellargen Biotech S.R.L., Antonia Godoy 6369 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Biotecnofe S.A., PTLC, Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, (CP3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fiorentino G, Parrilli A, Garagna S, Zuccotti M. Three-Dimensional Micro-Computed Tomography of the Adult Mouse Ovary. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:566152. [PMID: 33195196 PMCID: PMC7604317 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.566152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse ovary, folliculogenesis proceeds through eight main growth stages, from small primordial type 1 (T1) to fully grown antral T8 follicles. Most of our understanding of this process was obtained with approaches that disrupted the ovary three-dimensional (3D) integrity. Micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) allows the maintenance of the organ structure and a true in-silico 3D reconstruction, with cubic voxels and isotropic resolution, giving a precise spatial mapping of its functional units. Here, we developed a robust method that, by combining an optimized contrast procedure with microCT imaging of the tiny adult mouse ovary, allowed 3D mapping and counting of follicles, from pre-antral secondary T4 (53.2 ± 12.7 μm in diameter) to antral T8 (321.0 ± 21.3 μm) and corpora lutea, together with the major vasculature branches. Primordial and primary follicles (T1–T3) could not be observed. Our procedure highlighted, with unprecedent details, the main functional compartments of the growing follicle: granulosa, antrum, cumulus cells, zona pellucida, and oocyte with its nucleus. The results describe a homogeneous distribution of all follicle types between the ovary dorsal and ventral regions. Also, they show that each of the eight sectors, virtually segmented along the dorsal-ventral axis, houses an equal number of each follicle type. Altogether, these data suggest that follicle recruitment is homogeneously distributed all-over the ovarian surface. This topographic reconstruction builds sound bases for modeling follicles position and, prospectively, could contribute to our understanding of folliculogenesis dynamics, not only under normal conditions, but, importantly, during aging, in the presence of pathologies or after hormones or drugs administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiorentino
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Center for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annapaola Parrilli
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Garagna
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Center for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zuccotti
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Center for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hazano K, Haneda S, Kayano M, Miura R, Matsui M. Effects of hCG administration on corpus luteum development and plasma sex steroid hormone concentration in beef heifers differ according to the locational relationships of the original corpus luteum and the first-wave dominant follicle. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1219-1225. [PMID: 32581156 PMCID: PMC7468056 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the effects of an intramuscular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on corpus luteum (CL) development, plasma progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentration in ipsilateral (first-wave dominant follicle [W1DF] in the same ovary as the CL) and contralateral (W1DF and CL in opposite ovaries) cattle. Cross-bred beef heifers (Holstein × Japanese black, n=83) with synchronized ovulation were randomly assigned to either treatment with 1,500 IU hCG or no treatment on day 5 post-ovulation and were subdivided into ipsilateral (hCG treatment, n=21; no treatment, n=23) or contralateral (hCG treatment, n=17; no treatment, n=17) groups. Five heifers were excluded from the study, as they presented with double ovulation in response to hCG treatment. The effects of hCG treatment, location (ipsilateral and contralateral), and the number of days post-ovulation (days 5, 7, and 14) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA. hCG treatment significantly increased CL diameter on day 7 and plasma P4 concentration on days 7 and 14 in the contralateral group, but not the ipsilateral group. In contrast, hCG treatment decreased plasma E2 concentration on days 7 and 14 in both groups. In summary, our results indicate that the hCG treatment more significantly promoted CL development and increased plasma P4 concentration in the contralateral than in the ipsilateral group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hazano
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Motozumi Matsui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miura R, Matsumoto N, Haneda S, Matsui M. Influence of ipsilateral coexistence of the first wave dominant follicle and corpus luteum on ovarian dynamics and plasma sex steroid hormone concentrations in lactating dairy cows treated with human chorionic gonadotropin. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:265-269. [PMID: 32269198 PMCID: PMC7297639 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment 5 days after estrus on ovarian dynamics and plasma progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations when the first-wave dominant follicle (DF) was ipsilateral or contralateral to the corpus luteum (CL) in lactating dairy cows. Seventy cows were divided into two groups: (1) ipsilateral group (IG; n = 37), in which the first-wave DF was ipsilateral to the CL, and (2) contralateral group (CG; n = 33), in which the first-wave DF was contralateral to the CL. IG and CG were further subdivided into two groups: non-treatment group (IG, n = 18; CG, n = 19), and hCG treatment group: administrated 1500 IU of hCG 5 days after estrus (IG, n = 19; CG, n = 14). Blood sampling and ovarian examination were performed at 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 days after estrus. Mean diameter of the first-wave DF on Day 9 tended (P = 0.067) to be larger in IG than in CG in the non-treatment group. Mean diameter of CL and plasma P4 and E2 concentrations did not differ between IG and CG in the non-treatment and hCG treatment groups. Accessory CL development did not differ between IG and CG in the hCG treatment group. Our findings indicate that CL development and plasma P4 and E2 concentrations were not affected by the existence of the first-wave DF; however, first-wave DF development was affected by the existence of a CL in the same ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Motozumi Matsui
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miura R, Matsumoto N, Haneda S, Matsui M. Double ovulation rate of the first follicular wave follicles is higher in the first follicular wave dominant follicle in the ovary contralateral to the corpus luteum treated with human chorionic gonadotropin five days after estrus in lactating dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1685-1687. [PMID: 31548470 PMCID: PMC6895630 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment on double ovulation rate of first-wave follicles five days after estrus in lactating dairy cows. Cows were divided
into two groups: 1) Ipsilateral group (IG; n=35), in which the first-wave dominant follicle (DF) was ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL), and 2) Contralateral group (CG; n=30), in which
the first-wave DF was contralateral to the CL five days after estrus, then 1,500 IU of hCG was administrated. Double ovulation rate was significantly higher in the CG (26.7%) than in the IG
(2.9%). This study demonstrate that the double ovulation rate of first-wave follicles was higher in the first-wave DF located in the contralateral ovary to the CL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Nobu Matsumoto
- NOSAI Minami, Wakakusa-cho, Tomakomai-shi, Hokkaido 053-0021, Japan
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Motozumi Matsui
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Díaz PU, Belotti EM, Notaro US, Salvetti NR, Leiva CJM, Durante LI, Marelli BE, Stangaferro ML, Ortega HH. Hemodynamic changes detected by Doppler ultrasonography in the ovaries of cattle during early development of cystic ovarian disease. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106164. [PMID: 31514938 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A common reproductive disease in dairy cattle is Cystic Ovarian Disease. To study its development, there was use of an experimental model of follicular persistence to detect hemodynamic changes occurring in ovaries by using Doppler ultrasonography. After estrous synchronization, control cows received no additional treatment and were evaluated at proestrus (CG), whereas treated cows (PG) received sub-luteal doses of progesterone for 15 days and were evaluated at proestrus, and after 0, 5, 10 and 15 days of follicular persistence. Spectral Doppler was used to evaluate blood flow in the ovarian artery, and power Doppler for evaluation of blood flow in the ovarian parenchyma and follicular wall of persistent and dominant preovulatory follicles. Findings using power Doppler signals indicated there were no differences between groups in the parenchyma of both right (P = 0.455) and left (P = 0.762) ovaries. In contrast, power Doppler signals of blood flow were less in walls of persistent follicles from day 0 to 15 when there was follicular persistence than in dominant follicles of the CG (P < 0.001). Blood flow in ovarian arteries was less (P < 0.05) in diastolic velocity and time averaged maximum velocity in all PG groups than in the CG. Peak systolic velocity was less (P < 0.05) in all PG than in the CG, with the exception of P15 (P > 0.05). These findings indicate there are marked changes in blood irrigation area of walls of persistent follicles during the 15 days of follicular persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P U Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E M Belotti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - U S Notaro
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C J M Leiva
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L I Durante
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - B E Marelli
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Stangaferro
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ginther O. Intraovarian spatial and vascular harmony between follicles and corpus luteum in monovulatory heifers, mares, and women. Theriogenology 2019; 128:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
9
|
Follicle blood flow and FSH concentration associated with variations in characteristics of follicle selection in heifers. Theriogenology 2019; 125:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
10
|
Smuts MP, de Bruyn S, Thompson PN, Holm DE. Serum albumin concentration of donor cows as an indicator of developmental competence of oocytes. Theriogenology 2018; 125:184-192. [PMID: 30453218 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is required for maintenance of normal reproduction in cattle. Albumin, the best marker and fundamental part of nutrition, most abundant plasma protein and major component of fetal bovine serum, is the best predictor of malnourishment in South African cattle. The aim of this study was to determine if serum albumin concentrations of donor cows predict the developmental competence of oocytes, and if additional protein supplementation of the in vitro culture media improves embryo outcomes in oocytes from cows with inadequate serum albumin concentrations. Oocytes (n = 1024) were recovered from donors with inadequate (≤35.9 g/L), or adequate serum albumin concentrations (≥36.0 g/L). Four hundred and sixty oocytes originated from cows with inadequate serum albumin and 564 from cows with adequate serum albumin. Oocytes of these cohorts were randomly allocated to a control and supplemented fetal bovine serum in vitro embryo culture protocol. Multiple linear, logistic and Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate the effects of different covariates on linear, binary and count data respectively. Mixed effects Poisson regression was performed for the number of oocytes that developed into blastocysts by the seventh day of culture. Adequate serum albumin concentration of donor cows independently resulted in 46% increased blastocyst formation in the control protocol (P = 0.02). Although fetal bovine serum supplementation of the culture protocol did not affect blastocyst formation in oocytes originating from cows with inadequate serum albumin, it independently reduced blastocyst formation by 30% in oocytes originating from cows with adequate serum albumin (P = 0.02). Other independent predictors of blastocyst outcome included higher serum urea nitrogen, lower beta (β)-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations and lower fat classification of donor cows. It is concluded that adequate serum albumin of donor cows is a significant predictor of developmental competence of oocytes, and that in vitro supplementation of fetal bovine serum does not improve developmental competence of oocytes and can lead to negative blastocyst outcomes. Further research is required to determine optimal protein supplementation for oocytes originating from inadequately nourished cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario P Smuts
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Sonya de Bruyn
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Peter N Thompson
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Dietmar E Holm
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pugliesi G, de Melo GD, Ataíde GA, Pellegrino CAG, Silva JB, Rocha CC, Motta IG, Vasconcelos JLM, Binelli M. Use of Doppler ultrasonography in embryo transfer programs: feasibility and field results. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:239-246. [PMID: 34178147 PMCID: PMC8202456 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensive use of Doppler ultrasonography in several studies in the last decade allowed
the characterization of vascular perfusion and the estimation of function of the reproductive
organs and tissues along the estrous cycle and pregnancy in cattle. We aim to discuss the possibility
of using Doppler imaging and to explore the potential of its inclusion in reproductive programs
in cattle industry. Recent studies in dairy and beef cows indicated a high accuracy and sensitivity
when Doppler ultrasonography is used to evaluate corpus luteum function and to diagnosis
pregnancy between days 20 and 22. Moreover, resynchronization programs starting 5 to 7 days
after timed embryo transfer (FTET) coupled with early pregnancy diagnosis were developed
for beef cattle, and have been implemented in commercial embryo transfer programs. These
strategies allow a reduction in the interval between two FTET from ≈ 40 to 24 days and
may improve the gains in reproductive efficiency when compared to traditional programs than
begin resynchronization after the pregnancy diagnosis at 30 days. A second alternative to
use Doppler imaging is the evaluation of luteal blood perfusion at the time of embryo transfer
for selection of recipients with greater receptivity potential. This may increases fertility
in FTET, as embryos would not be transferred to females with non-functional CL, and in cases
with recipients surplus, females with higher receptivity would be prioritized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Dalmaso de Melo
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Arantes Ataíde
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília Constantino Rocha
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Garcia Motta
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Domingues R, Ginther O. Angiocoupling between the dominant follicle and corpus luteum during waves 1 and 2 in Bos taurus heifers. Theriogenology 2018; 114:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Variations in follicle-diameter deviation and a growth spurt in the dominant follicle at deviation in Bos taurus heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 188:155-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Ginther O, Domingues R, Siddiqui M, Dangudubiyyam S. Blood flow and echotextural differences between the future dominant and subordinate follicles before the beginning of diameter deviation in heifers. Theriogenology 2017; 100:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM. Dynamics of Follicular Blood Flow, Antrum Growth, and Angiogenic Mediators in Mares From Deviation to Ovulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
16
|
Tibary A. Grand Challenge Animal Reproduction-Theriogenology: From the Bench to Application to Animal Production and Reproductive Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:114. [PMID: 28770218 PMCID: PMC5511824 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tibary
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
PAULINI FERNANDA, CHAVES SACHAB, RÔLO JOSÉLUIZJ, AZEVEDO RICARDOBDE, LUCCI CAROLINAM. Evaluation of ovarian structures using computerized microtomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:2131-2139. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720150864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
18
|
Boakari YL, Ferreira JC, Canesin HS, Thompson DL, Lima FS, Pantoja JCF, Meira C. Influence of two ovulation-inducing agents on the pituitary response and follicle blood flow in mares. Theriogenology 2017; 100:95-99. [PMID: 28708540 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of deslorelin and hCG, two ovulation-inducing therapies, on LH surge and follicle vascularity in mares. Thirty mares were either treated with 1.5 mg IM of deslorelin, 2,500 IU IV of hCG or 2 mL IM of NaCl 0.9% (GnRH, hCG and Saline groups, respectively). Power-flow Doppler examination and blood collection were performed every hour during the first 12 hours after treatment (H0) and every six hours between hours 12 (H12) and 30 (H30) after treatment. Moreover, endpoints were evaluated every hour through the last six hours before ovulation (OV-6 to OV-1). In GnRH group, plasma LH concentration progressively increased (P < 0.001) during the first 6 hours after treatment and remained high (P > 0.1) until OV-1. A significant increase in LH concentrations was first detected (P < 0.05) at 24 hours after treatment in hCG group, while no changes (P > 0.1) on LH levels were found during H0-H30 and between OV-6 and OV-1 in the Saline group. Independent of the treatment, significant variations on the percentage of the follicle wall with Doppler signals were not observed (P > 0.1) throughout the entire experiment. A weak correlation between the preovulatory follicle vascularity and the plasma LH concentration was found in GnRH, hCG and Saline groups (r = +0.29, +0.29 and -0.23, respectively; P ˂ 0.0001). These results described for the first time the immediate and continuous pituitary response to ovulation-inducing therapy with injectable deslorelin. Moreover, spontaneous and induced ovulations were not preceded by an increased follicle vascularity, which differs from previous reports in large animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Boakari
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - J C Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
| | - H S Canesin
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D L Thompson
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J C F Pantoja
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Meira
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ginther OJ, Siddiqui MAR, Baldrighi JM, Araujo ER. An intraovarian mechanism that enhances the effect of an FSH surge on recovery of subordinate follicles in heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 59:67-74. [PMID: 28002761 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the future dominant follicle (DF), corpus luteum (CL), and side (left ovary [LO] and right ovary [RO]) on FSH-induced recovery (increase in diameter) of regressing subordinate follicles was studied in heifers. The DF of wave 2 and the largest subordinate follicle remained intact (controls, n = 14 heifers) or were ablated (n = 14 heifers) on a mean of 13 d postovulation when the DF was ∼10 mm (hour 0). Concentration of FSH (P < 0.0004) and diameter of subordinate follicles (P < 0.0002) decreased between hours -48 to 0 combined for the control and ablation groups. Thereafter, follicle diameter continued to decrease in the controls. Concentration of FSH increased (P < 0.05) and diameter of subordinates began to increase at hour 12 in the ablation group. Follicle-stimulating hormone increased to hour 24 and then returned to the hour 0 concentration by hour 72, completing the induced FSH surge. Concentration of LH began to increase at hour 0 in each group and at a similar rate between groups. Follicle recovery in the ablation group was compared among 8 subgroups as defined by the 2 sides and 4 intraovarian patterns (DF-CL pattern, both structures in same ovary; DF pattern, DF alone; CL pattern, CL alone; and devoid pattern, both structures absent). Follicle diameter increased (P < 0.05) between hours 24 and 48, and diameter at hours 24, 48, 72, and 96 involved a 3-way interaction (P < 0.0001) of pattern, side, and hour. The interaction was similar when diameter of the DF that originated from a recovered subordinate was either included or excluded in the analysis. Diameter of subordinate follicles in the ablation group at hour 96 was greater (P < 0.05) in the DF-CL/RO and DF/RO subgroups than that in the devoid/LO, devoid/RO, and CL/LO subgroups. The DF-CL/LO and CL/RO subgroups were intermediate. For follicles that decreased in diameter before hour 0, a greater (P < 0.05) percentage increased after hour 0 when the ovary contained a DF and was in the RO (DF-CL/RO and DF/RO subgroups) than for the remaining subgroups even after excluding the DF that originated from a subordinate. Results supported the hypotheses that (1) an induced FSH surge can stimulate the recovery of regressing subordinate follicles and (2) recovery of regressing subordinate follicles by FSH involves an intraovarian mechanism. Our interpretation is that the intraovarian mechanism that enhances the stimulatory effect of FSH on recovery of subordinate follicles was effective only in RO and only when it contained a DF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - E R Araujo
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hunter RHF, López-Gatius F, López-Albors O. Temperature gradients in vivo influence maturing male and female gametes in mammals: evidence from the cow. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:2301-2304. [DOI: 10.1071/rd17089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1980 several reports have indicated that temperatures vary between preovulatory follicles and other ovarian tissues in rabbit, cow, pig and human. However, these observations did not achieve prominence; they were regarded as artefacts due to the use of anaesthetics and open surgery (laparotomy). Recently, without resorting to anaesthesia or surgery, direct measurements of temperature in preovulatory follicles have been performed in the cow by means of a thermistor probe introduced into the antrum under ultrasonic guidance. Such follicles revealed a mean antral (follicular fluid) temperature 0.74°C and 1.54°C cooler than uterine surface and rectal temperatures respectively in ovulating cows, whereas no such temperature differences were detected in non-ovulating cows. Cows are predominantly monovular and preovulatory follicles attain a diameter of 15–22 mm or more. These features and the timescale of response to the preovulatory gonadotrophin surge make them a valuable model for the human preovulatory follicle. Temperature gradients are interpreted primarily in a context of final maturation of gametes immediately before the onset of fertilisation. Preovulatory follicular temperature in women could be assessed by a comparable approach and might become a valuable selection guide for oocyte viability.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ginther O, Hoffman M. Interactions of side (left and right ovary) with the number of follicles per ovary and with the intraovarian relationships between dominant follicle and corpus luteum in heifers. Theriogenology 2016; 86:907-913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Ginther O, Siddiqui M, Baldrighi J. Functional angiocoupling between follicles and adjacent corpus luteum in heifers. Theriogenology 2016; 86:465-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Bollwein H, Heppelmann M, Lüttgenau J. Ultrasonographic Doppler Use for Female Reproduction Management. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016; 32:149-64. [PMID: 26922117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography is a useful technique to get new information about physiologic and pathophysiologic alterations of the uterus and ovaries in female cattle. During all reproductive stages characteristic changes in uterine blood flow are observed. Cows with puerperal disturbances show delayed decrease in uterine blood flow in the first few weeks postparturition compared with healthy cows. Measurement of follicular blood flow is used to identify normally developing follicles and predict superovulatory response. Determination of luteal blood is more reliable than B-mode sonography to distinguish between functional and nonfunctional corpora lutea. Color Doppler ultrasonography is a promising tool to improve reproductive management in female cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland.
| | - Maike Heppelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover D-30173, Germany
| | - Johannes Lüttgenau
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ginther OJ, Siddiqui MAR, Baldrighi JM. Effects of conversion of follicular activity from wave 1 to wave 2 and proximity of wave 2 follicles to CL in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1241-8. [PMID: 25649196 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the dominant follicle (DF) of follicular wave 1 on follicles and ovarian vascular perfusion during wave 2 and the effects of intraovarian distance between a follicle and CL on follicles of wave 2 were studied daily (N = 28 heifers). Intraovarian patterns were DF1-CL and DF2-CL (DF and CL in the same ovary for waves 1 and 2, respectively), DF1 and DF2 (DF alone), CL (CL alone), and devoid (ovary with neither DF nor CL). On the basis of blood flow resistance and the number of follicles per ovary, the wave 1 patterns of DF1 versus devoid resulted in greater (P < 0.05) vascular perfusion and more (P < 0.05) follicles in wave 2 for the following patterns: (1) conversion of DF1 to DF2 than in conversion of devoid to DF2 and (2) conversion of DF1 to devoid than in conversion of devoid to devoid. On the day of emergence of wave 2 (future DF2 closest to 5.5 mm) in two-wave interovulatory intervals, the mean diameter of all follicles that were adjacent (distance, ≤1 mm) to the CL (4.4 ± 0.3 mm) was greater (P < 0.05) than that for follicles that were separated (3.4 ± 0.2 mm). The hypotheses were supported that (1) the extent of vascular perfusion for the intraovarian patterns of wave 1 affects the perfusion and the number of follicles for the patterns of wave 2 and (2) close proximity of a follicle to the CL in wave 2 has a positive effect on the follicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Intraovarian factors associated with switching of a future dominant follicle to a subordinate follicle during induced luteolysis in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 83:786-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Conversion of intraovarian patterns from preovulation to postovulation based on location of dominant follicle and corpus luteum in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 83:153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
27
|
Effect of intraovarian proximity between dominant follicle and corpus luteum on dimensions and blood flow of each structure in heifers. Theriogenology 2014; 82:875-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|