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Time-lapse imaging and developmental competence of donkey eggs after ICSI: Effect of preovulatory follicular fluid during oocyte in vitro maturation. Theriogenology 2023; 195:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Diana F, Matteo T, Davide M, Maria DJ, Francesco C, Alessandra R, Duccio P. Deep-horn Artificial Insemination with Frozen Thawed Semen after re-extension in Autologous Seminal Plasma May Improve Pregnancy Rates in Jennies. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 112:103932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Addition of Reduced Glutathione (GSH) to Freezing Medium Reduces Intracellular ROS Levels in Donkey Sperm. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120302. [PMID: 34941829 PMCID: PMC8703656 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In donkeys, the use of frozen-thawed sperm for artificial insemination (AI) leads to low fertility rates. Furthermore, donkey sperm produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and post-AI inflammation induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), which further generates many more ROS. These high ROS levels may induce lipid peroxidation in the sperm plasma membrane, thus affecting its integrity. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, mainly found in the seminal plasma (SP), are responsible for maintaining the redox balance. However, this fluid is removed prior to cryopreservation, thereby exposing sperm cells to further oxidative stress. The exogenous addition of antioxidants to the freezing medium can reduce the detrimental effects caused by ROS generation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate how the addition of different reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations (control, 2 mM, 4 mM, 6 mM, 8 mM, and 10 mM) to fresh sperm affect their cryotolerance. Total and progressive motility, kinematic parameters and motile sperm subpopulations were significantly (p < 0.05) different from the control in treatments containing 8 mM and 10 mM GSH, but not at lower concentrations. Plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular superoxide levels (O2−) were not affected (p > 0.05) by any GSH concentration. Interestingly, however, the addition of 8 mM or 10 mM GSH reduced (p < 0.05) the percentages of viable sperm with high overall ROS levels compared to the control. In conclusion, frozen-thawed donkey sperm are able to tolerate high GSH concentrations, which differs from what has been observed in other species. This antioxidant capacity suggests that ROS could be important during post-AI and that the impact of using exogenous antioxidants like GSH to improve the sperm resilience to freeze-thawing is limited in this species.
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Hidalgo M. Recent advances in donkey sperm vitrification. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1274-1278. [PMID: 34418185 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) with cryopreserved semen is an important tool to preserve endangered species, including European donkey breeds. Sperm vitrification is an alternative method to conventional freezing using high cooling rates and non-permeable cryoprotectant agents (CPAs). In donkeys, sperm vitrification was firstly developed in spheres by directly dropping the sperm (30 µl) into the liquid nitrogen. The vitrification media contained a combination of sucrose and bovine serum albumin as non-permeable CPAs and resulted in better sperm parameters after warming than extenders containing glycerol. Thereafter, sperm vitrification was optimized using an aseptic protocol, which consists of volumes up to 160 µl vitrified at 300 million sperm/ml using 0.25-ml straws with outer covers, obtaining similar sperm parameters as conventional freezing for total motility (52.7 ± 15.6% versus. 58.2 ± 16.1%), progressive motility (44.3 ± 15.0% versus. 44.7 ± 18.2%) and plasma membrane integrity (49.2 ± 11.2% versus. 55.4 ± 9.0%), respectively. In order to vitrify larger volumes of sperm, a procedure using 0.5-ml straws was evaluated; however, this methodology failed when compared to conventional freezing or other vitrification protocols, obtaining poor sperm quality after warming. Recently, a new methodology was developed for warming 0.25-ml straws in a water bath and after AI using the vitrified sperm, the uterine inflammatory response solved faster, and pregnancy rates were greater (22%) than frozen semen (10%) but not statistically different. In conclusion, all these findings confirm that sperm vitrification can be performed in donkeys as an alternative to conventional freezing for AI in jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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KANT SOURABH, PAL YASH, LEGHA RA, RAVI SK, TALLURI TR, SHARMA TARU. Supplementation of caffeine to extender improves post-thaw seminal attributes of Poitou donkey semen. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i3.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted with an objective of elucidating the effect of addition of various levels of caffeine to jack semen on seminal attributes at pre- and post-thaw stage. Six ejaculates from each three adult jack stallions were collected via artificial vagina using estrus jenny as dummy. Caffeine was added to semen extender at 0.1, 0.5 and 2 mM at pre-freeze stage and the semen was cryopreserved according to standard protocol. Sperm motility, viability and other functional attributes were assessed at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. The present study revealed that, adding caffeine to jack semen extender at 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM or 2 mM levels had positive impact on seminal parameters compared to the control semen. Sperm kinetics (VAP, VSL and STR) and motility increased in the caffeine treated groups in comparison to the control group. The caffeine at 2.0 mM concentration resulted in better post-thaw sperm motility, viability, and acrosome integrity as compared to 1 or 0.5 mM of caffeine and control. Caffeine supplementation also enhanced post-thaw sperm kinematic parameters, which implies its potential as an alternative antioxidant supplement. It was concluded that, 2 mM caffeine supplementation to donkey semen significantly improved post-thaw sperm motility and other functional attributes as compared to the control. However, the potential benefits of caffeine on the fertility rates needs to be investigated.
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Guillén Palomino CY, Fumuso FG, Bertuzzi ML, Giuliano SM, Velásquez González N, Bariani MV, Carretero MI. Use of Androcoll-E TM to Separate Frozen-Thawed Llama Sperm From Seminal Plasma and Diluent. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:594926. [PMID: 33585592 PMCID: PMC7874046 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.594926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not easy to separate frozen-thawed South American camelid sperm from seminal plasma (SP) and diluents to be used for in vitro embryo production. The objective of this study was to evaluate Androcoll-E™ (AE) efficiency to separate llama sperm from SP and freezing extender in frozen-thawed semen. A total of 22 ejaculates from five Lama glama males were collected using electroejaculation. After performing semen analysis (sperm motility, concentration, viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity), samples were cryopreserved with a diluent containing lactose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), egg yolk, and 7% dimethylformamide. After thawing, samples were divided in aliquots, one of which was used as a control and the others processed by AE. Experiment 1 (12 ejaculates): 100 μl of frozen-thawed semen was placed on top of 1,000 μl AE column and centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min. Experiment 2 (10 ejaculates): two samples of 100 μl of frozen-thawed semen were placed on two columns of 500 μl AE each, and both were centrifuged at 800 g for 10 and 20 min, respectively. Pellets were resuspended in Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) medium, and sperm parameters were evaluated. A significant decrease in all sperm parameters was observed in thawed samples compared to raw semen. AE allowed the separation of frozen-thawed sperm from SP and freezing extender independently from the height of the column used and time of centrifugation assayed. Although no significant differences were found between AE columns, higher sperm recovery was observed with 500 μl of AE coupled with 20 min of centrifugation. Despite the significant decrease observed in sperm motility in AE samples, no changes in sperm viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity were observed when comparing control thawed semen with the sperm recovered after AE (p > 0.05). The use of AE columns, either 500 or 1,000 μl, allows the separation of frozen-thawed llama sperm from SP and freezing extender, preserving the viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity. Of the protocols studied, 800 g centrifugation during 20 min using a 500 μl column of AE would be the method of choice to process frozen-thawed llama semen destined for reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crissthel Yverlin Guillén Palomino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Reproductiva, Estación Experimental Agraria Canaán, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA-Ayacucho), La Molina, Perú
| | - Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana María Giuliano
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Velásquez González
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yang F, Li N, Liu B, Yu J, Wu S, Zhang R, Yang W, Ji C, Sun Q, Ma J, Li M, Zhou J, Zhou X, Pietrani M, Losinno L, Zeng S. Practical protocols for timed artificial insemination of jennies using cooled or frozen donkey semen. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:1218-1226. [PMID: 33368497 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the expansion of the donkey industry, timed artificial insemination (TAI) is becoming increasingly important in the reproductive management of jennies, however, TAI has not been widely investigated in donkeys. OBJECTIVES To develop efficient TAI protocols for cooled or frozen semen in jennies, based around ovulation induction with a GnRH analogue. STUDY DESIGN Experimental exploratory study. METHODS AND RESULTS In experiment 1, the effects of different GnRH analogue (deslorelin) doses, follicle diameter (FD) at induction, repeated use of a GnRH analogue, and the influence of season on induction efficiency, as well as distribution of ovulations over time after induction were investigated. Induction efficiency was sufficient with 2.2 mg deslorelin (≥90% ovulation within 48 hours of treatment). Ovulation rate between 24 and 48 hours was highest when the FD at treatment was 31-35 mm, as compared to 25-30 mm or 36-40 mm. Repeated use of deslorelin or treatment during different seasons had no effect on induction efficiency. About 70% of ovulations occurred between 32 and 48 hours, and highest incidence of ovulation was at 36-38 hours after induction. In experiment 2, TAI using cooled semen (1 × 109 motile sperm in a 10 mL volume) was performed once at 8 hours after induction (n = 59). Pregnancy rate after TAI with cooled semen was 49.2% (29/59). In experiment 3, jennies were inseminated twice with 10 (n = 23), 5 (n = 31), 3 (n = 32), 2 (n = 82) and 1 (n = 66) straws (more than 50 × 106 motile spermatozoa in each 0.5 mL straw) of frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after induction. The pregnancy rates were 30.4%, 35.5%, 34.4%, 29.3% and 28.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). MAIN LIMITATIONS In the frozen semen trial, 22.5% (68/302) jennies were excluded after failure to ovulate during the appropriate time interval. In addition, there were no control groups for the AI trials. CONCLUSION When FD reaches 31-35 mm, a donkey jenny can be inseminated once using cooled semen at 8 hours or twice using frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after deslorelin treatment. The frozen semen TAI protocol resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates using 1 × 108 motile spermatozoa per cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Ruitao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Weigang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Jingqian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, China
| | - Melina Pietrani
- Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Luis Losinno
- Laboratory of equine Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Diaz-Jimenez M, Rota A, Dorado J, Consuegra C, Pereira B, Camillo F, Panzani D, Fanelli D, Tesi M, Monaco D, Hidalgo M. First pregnancies in jennies with vitrified donkey semen using a new warming method. Animal 2020; 15:100097. [PMID: 33516021 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm vitrification has been recently developed, but fertility trials have not been performed yet in equine species. In this study, a new warming technique for vitrified donkey semen was developed and the uterine inflammatory response and fertility were compared to conventional freezing. In Experiment 1, sperm was vitrified in straws and warmed in 3 ml of extender or in a water bath at: 37 °C/30 s; 43 °C/10 s; and 60 °C/5 s. Sperm motility, plasma and acrosome membranes and DNA integrity were compared between treatments. In Experiment 2, jennies were inseminated twice (500 × 106 sperm) in the uterine body either with vitrified or frozen semen (2 cycles/jenny). Pregnancy rates and the uterine inflammatory response (polymorphonuclear neutrophil concentration; PMN) were evaluated after artificial insemination (AI). No differences between warming in extender/water bath were found and 43 °C/10 s was better than lower temperatures in terms of total (53.8 ± 13.2%) and progressive sperm motility (41.4 ± 11.4%). No differences in PMN concentration (×103 PMN/ml) were found between vitrified (276.8 ± 171.6) or frozen (309.7 ± 250.7) semen after AI. However, PMN decreased faster (P < 0.05) using vitrified semen. Pregnancy rates were greater for vitrified (22%) than frozen semen (10%) but not statistically different. In conclusion, donkey sperm vitrified in straws could be directly warmed in a water bath at 43 °C/10 s, reducing the uterine inflammatory response obtained after AI and promoting positive pregnancy outcomes. These findings confirm the possibility to use vitrified semen as an alternative for AI in jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - C Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - B Pereira
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - F Camillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Panzani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tesi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Monaco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
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Single Layer Centrifugation Improves the Quality of Fresh Donkey Semen and Modifies the Sperm Ability to Interact with Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112128. [PMID: 33207812 PMCID: PMC7696916 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Donkey Artificial Insemination (AI) with frozen/thawed semen results in poor fertility outcomes. Jennies show a significant post-AI endometrial reaction, with a large amount of defense cells—polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)—migrating to the uterine lumen. Seminal plasma (SP) has a detrimental effect on sperm conservation and its removal is a necessary step in the semen freezing protocol. However, several SP proteins seem to control sperm-PMN binding. Single layer centrifugation (SLC) with colloids, which has been used to select spermatozoa and improve reproductive performance in different species, is known to remove SP proteins attached to the sperm membrane. In this study, two experiments were performed. The first one compared the quality of SLC-selected and non-selected fresh donkey spermatozoa. In the second experiment, PMN obtained from the peripheral blood were co-incubated with selected and unselected spermatozoa, and the interaction between PMN and spermatozoa was analyzed. In conclusion, SLC of fresh donkey semen increases the proportion of functionally intact spermatozoa and appears to remove the SP proteins that inhibit sperm-PMN binding, thus increasing sperm phagocytosis by PMN. Abstract This study sought to determine whether single layer centrifugation (SLC) of fresh donkey semen with Equicoll has any impact on sperm quality parameters and on the modulation of endometrial reaction following semen deposition using an in vitro model. Seventeen ejaculates from five jackasses were obtained using an artificial vagina and diluted in a skim-milk extender. Samples were either selected through SLC (Equicoll) or non-treated (control). Two experiments were performed. The first one consisted of incubating selected or non-selected spermatozoa at 38 °C for 180 min. Integrity and lipid disorder of sperm plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular levels of calcium and reactive oxygen species were evaluated at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. In the second experiment, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) isolated from jennies blood were mixed with selected and unselected spermatozoa. Interaction between spermatozoa and PMN was evaluated after 0, 60, 120, and 180 min of co-incubation at 38 °C. SLC-selection increased the proportions of spermatozoa with an intact plasma membrane and low lipid disorder, of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential and with high calcium levels, and of progressively motile spermatozoa. In addition, selection through SLC augmented the proportion of phagocytosed spermatozoa, which supported the modulating role of seminal plasma proteins on sperm-PMN interaction. In conclusion, SLC of fresh donkey semen increases the proportions of functionally intact and motile spermatozoa, and appears to remove the seminal plasma proteins that inhibit sperm-PMN binding.
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Crespo F, Wilson R, Díaz-Jimenez M, Consuegra C, Dorado J, Barrado BG, Gosálvez J, Smit RL, Hidalgo M, Johnston S. Effect of season on individual stallion semen characteristics. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106641. [PMID: 33160762 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Horses are long-day seasonal breeding animals, however, with modern stallion reproductive management it is important for collection of semen during periods that are not part of the traditional breeding season. This study was conducted to examine variation in the seminal characteristics of individual stallions in Avila, Spain during 1 year with a particular emphasis on sperm DNA fragmentation. Semen was collected twice per season from a total of 20 stallions. There was a marked seasonal effect on all seminal characteristics, with the greatest on progressive motility, % membrane integrity and least for SDF in the spring months; there was also an interaction effect with respect to individual stallion, indicating that some stallions did not fit this generalised pattern for semen quality. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed both immediately after semen collection (T0) and following incubation of extended semen for 24 h (T24) to broadly mimic changes in SDF that might occur in the female reproductive tract. While SDF evaluated at T0 was also generally less in spring, the proportion of stallions with the least SDF values in spring increased from 45% to 60% when assessed at T24, therefore, being consistent with the importance of dynamic SDF assessment in detecting DNA damage that was not detected at T0 or cryptic DNA damage. The results from this study indicate there is individual seasonal variation among stallions in all aspects of seminal characteristics; such variation needs to be considered when prioritising stallions that are to be used for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crespo
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Ávila, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Ávila, 05005, Spain
| | - R Wilson
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - M Díaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - C Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - B García Barrado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) 20849. Madrid, Spain
| | - R Louis Smit
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - S Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia.
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11
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Kumar P, Mehta JS, Ravi SK, Dedar RK, Purohit GN, Legha RA, Tripathi BN, Talluri TR. Cholesterol Loaded Cyclodextrin Supplementation Enhances the Cholesterol-to-Phospholipid Ratio and Diminishes Oxidative Stress in Jack Spermatozoa During Cryopreservation. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 94:103237. [PMID: 33077064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the hypothesis that addition of cholesterol to the extender would stabilize the sperm membranes by increasing the cholesterol-to-phospholipid (C:P) ratio and would result in an improved post-thaw semen quality and reduce oxidative stress in the jack (Martina franca) semen. Forty-eight ejaculates from six jacks were collected and analyzed for the present study. The freshly collected semen sample of each jack stallion was divided into five equal fractions after addition of the primary extender without cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) (C) and with 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 mg/mL CLC to obtain 120 × 106 sperm/mL spermatozoa concentration. The semen was cryopreserved using customized freezing protocols. Evaluation of seminal parameters, the C:P ratio, and the oxidative status of jack spermatozoa was analyzed at all stages of cryopreservation. The oxidative status in the jack semen was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels. The results indicated that the mean percent values for various seminal quality parameters and the oxidative parameters were found to be significantly higher (P < .05) in CLC-treated groups with the highest values for 2 mg of CLC/120 × 106 spermatozoa. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the supplementation of CLC before cryopreservation has significantly reduced the oxidative stress and also increased the C:P ratio during semen cryopreservation process. Furthermore, a reduction in lipid peroxidation levels, reduced damage to the sperm plasma and acrosome membranes and improvement in the post-thaw sperm integrity as well as stability were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Mehta
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Ravi
- Animal Science Division, ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Dedar
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Govind Narayan Purohit
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Avtar Legha
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
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Hidalgo M, Diaz-Jimenez M, Consuegra C, Pereira B, Dorado J. Vitrification of Donkey Sperm: Is It Better Using Permeable Cryoprotectants? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091462. [PMID: 32825370 PMCID: PMC7552618 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Conventional donkey sperm-freezing using permeable cryoprotectants has been successfully performed, and good sperm parameters have been obtained after thawing. Unfortunately, artificial insemination of jennies with cryopreserved semen has given unsatisfactory results. Vitrification by directly dropping the sperm into the liquid nitrogen following the spheres methodology has been developed in human beings as an alternative to conventional freezing. This technique has shown to be a species-specific methodology and the concentration of cryoprotectants should be optimized in donkeys. Additionally, in this study, a permeable cryoprotectant (glycerol) has been tested for the first time for donkey sperm vitrification. According to our findings, vitrification of donkey sperm was effectively carried out using an extender supplemented with sucrose or bovine serum albumin (BSA) as non-permeable agent. When glycerol, a permeable agent, was compared to sucrose 0.1 M and BSA 5%, sperm quality significantly decreased. Therefore, donkey sperm vitrification in the absence of permeable agents obtained better results and gives a new approach to create a pattern for future studies of fertility trials. Abstract Vitrification by direct exposure of sperm to liquid nitrogen is increasing in popularity as an alternative to conventional freezing. In this study, the effect of permeable cryoprotectant agents for donkey sperm vitrification was compared to an extender containing non-permeable cryoprotectants. First, three different concentrations of sucrose (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 molar, M) and bovine serum albumin, BSA (1, 5, and 10%) were compared. Secondly, the concentration of non-permeable agents producing the most desirable results was compared to an extender containing glycerol as permeable agent. Vitrification was performed by dropping 30 μL of sperm suspension directly into LN2 and warming at 42 °C. Sperm motility (total, TM; and progressive, PM) and plasma membrane integrity, PMI (mean ± SEM) were statistically compared between treatments. Sucrose 0.1 M showed a significantly higher percentage of total sperm motility (21.67 ± 9.22%) than sucrose 0.2 M (14.16 ± 4.50%) and 0.3 M (8.58 ± 6.22%); and no differences were found in comparison to the control (19.71 ± 10.16%). Vitrification with sucrose 0.1 M or BSA 5% obtained similar results for TM (21.67 ± 9.22% vs. 19.93 ± 9.93%), PM (13.42 ± 6.85% vs. 12.54 ± 6.37%) and PMI (40.90 ± 13.51% vs. 37.09 ± 14.28); but both showed higher percentages than glycerol (TM = 9.71 ± 4.19%; PM = 5.47 ± 3.17%; PMI = 28.48 ± 15.55%). In conclusion, donkey sperm vitrification in spheres using non-permeable cryoprotectants exhibited better sperm motility and viability parameters after warming than sperm vitrification using extenders containing permeable cryoprotectants.
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Yousef MS, López-Lorente AI, Diaz-Jimenez M, Consuegra C, Dorado J, Pereira B, Ortiz I, Cárdenas S, Hidalgo M. Nano-depletion of acrosome-damaged donkey sperm by using lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA)-magnetic nanoparticles. Theriogenology 2020; 151:103-111. [PMID: 32325322 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lectin is considered as a suitable biomarker for nano-depletion of acrosome-damaged sperm. The aim of this study was to synthetize magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated by peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin lectin (PNA) and investigate its beneficial effect in improving of sperm characteristics. MNPs were obtained by co-precipitation method, functionalized with chitosan and coated by PNA at a concentration of 0.04 mg/mL. Semen was frozen either with glycerol-based or sucrose-based extenders. Frozen-thawed straws from five donkeys (three ejaculates per donkey) were incubated with lectin-MNPs (2 mg/mL), and then exposed to an external magnet enabling the non-bound sperm to be collected as nanopurified sperm. Sperm were evaluated post-thawing (control) and after nanopurification for motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, morphology, DNA fragmentation and concentration. The statistical analyses were extended to investigate the correlation between the initial quality of the frozen-thawed semen samples and the effect of nanopurification after thawing. The obtained MNPs were biocompatible to the sperm and significantly improved the progressive motility (P < 0.05) for the glycerol nanopurified group (43.08 ± 3.52%) in comparison to control (33.70 ± 2.64%). Acrosome-damaged sperm were reduced (P < 0.05) in both nanopurified groups (19.92 ± 2.69 for G and 21.57 ± 2.77 for S) in comparison to control (36.07 ± 3.82 for G and 35.35 ± 3.88 for S). There were no significant changes in sperm morphology and membrane integrity after nanopurification. The average sperm recovery after nanopurification was 80.1%. Sperm quality index was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in nanopurified groups regardless of the initial quality of the frozen thawed semen samples. However, in the high sperm quality group, nanopurification significantly improved the progressive motility and membrane integrity besides the increasing of acrosome-intact sperm. Sperm nanopurification using lectin-magnetic nanoparticles can be considered as a suitable method to reduce the proportion of acrosome-damaged sperm and to increase the quality of frozen thawed donkey semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Yousef
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - A I López-Lorente
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - C Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - B Pereira
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, United States
| | - S Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain.
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Szlendak J, Adler C, Scherzer J, Niwinska A, Kautz E, Faundez R. Does single-layer centrifugation with Bovicoll improve sperm quality of frozen-thawed semen in Fleckvieh bulls? Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:691-700. [PMID: 32133677 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sperm selection by single-layer centrifugation (SLC) performed before freezing on sperm quality after thawing of Fleckvieh bull semen. Ejaculates from 22 bulls were collected by artificial vagina and divided into two aliquots. One aliquot (control sample) was diluted with Steridyl® and frozen over nitrogen vapour in a Digitcool freezer (IMV Technologies). Sperm from the second aliquot (SLC sample) was selected using the SLC technique with Bovicoll colloid and then frozen over nitrogen vapour in a Digitcool freezer. After thawing, both samples (control and SLC) were evaluated by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA; SCA 6.4 System; Microptic S.L) for sperm motility parameters. Integrity of the plasma membrane (viability), high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP) and acrosome integrity were assessed using a Guava® easyCyte flow cytometer (IMV Technologies). Morphological examination of spermatozoa was performed by Differential Interference Contrast microscopy (Leica DMi8). Morphological examination of live, immobilized spermatozoa was analysed under high magnification (≥6,600×). After thawing, the mean sperm viability of the control sample was 51.57%, compared to 40.37% for the SLC sample (p < .01). HMMP was higher (p < .01) in the control sample (40.37% versus 28.96%), and the mean of live spermatozoa with damaged acrosome was significantly higher (p < .03) in the SLC sample (1.63% versus 1.95%). The mean percentage of motile spermatozoa was 80.17% in the control sample, compared to 75.14% in the SLC sample (p < .0195), and rapid subpopulation reduced from 20.08% to 8.99% (p < .0001) after SLC. Percentage of hyperactivated sperm decreased from 12.23% to 4.28% (p < .0001) after SLC. Given the overall results, the sperm quality of thawed Fleckvieh bull semen was not improved when sperm were selected by SLC before freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szlendak
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Bayern-Genetik GmbH, Kumhausen, Germany
| | | | | | - Anna Niwinska
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kautz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ricardo Faundez
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Ortiz I, Quiñones-Pérez C, Hidalgo M, Consuegra C, Diaz-Jimenez M, Dorado J, Vega-Pla JL, Crespo F. Comparison of different mathematical models to assess seasonal variations in the longevity of DNA integrity of cooled-stored stallion sperm. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13545. [PMID: 32109320 DOI: 10.1111/and.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has shown to give fuller understanding of stallion semen quality; however, there have been limited attempts to use this parameter to investigate seasonal changes in productive functions. The aims of this study were to: (a) establish a reliable mathematical model to describe the longevity of cooled-stored sperm DNA integrity; (b) to examine the effect of seasonal variations on SDF. Ejaculates were cooled to 5°C, and SDF was analysed after 0, 6 and 24 hr of storage. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) was calculated after fine-tuning linear (LIN), exponential (EXP) and second order polynomial (POL) models. R2 was significantly higher (p < .001) for POL than for LIN and EXP. The rate of DNA degradation was calculated using the slopes of POL equations. After assessing the rate of change of the POL functions, significant differences between the acceleration of DNA fragmentation were found (p < .01) among seasons, being higher for winter and summer than spring and autumn. In conclusion, DNA analysis of stallion sperm fits better to a second order polynomial mathematical model, being spring the best season to collect and process cooled stallion semen in order to maintain the DNA integrity of the stallion sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortiz
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carlota Quiñones-Pérez
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Ávila, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Ávila, Spain.,Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cesar Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesus Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Vega-Pla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Crespo
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Ávila, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Ávila, Spain
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Ortiz I, Dorado J, Morrell JM, Diaz-Jimenez MA, Pereira B, Consuegra C, Hidalgo M. Comparison of sperm selection techniques in donkeys: motile subpopulations from a practical point of view. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:282-289. [PMID: 33224288 PMCID: PMC7673585 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the post-thaw distribution of motile sperm subpopulations, following simple or colloid centrifugation. A new analysis was used to evaluate the available number of sperm from each subpopulation after each centrifugation protocol. Frozen/thawed semen samples were divided into the following after-thawing treatments: uncentrifuged control (UDC), sperm washing (SW) and two colloid centrifugation procedures (Equipure, SLC-E, and Androcoll, SLC-A). Percentage of total and progressive motility (TM and PM), as well as sperm motility kinematics, distribution of motile sperm subpopulations, and recovery rates, were statistically compared among treatments. The SLC treatments showed higher (P < 0.001) TM and PM than UDC and SW. Following each SLC procedure, different percentages of the subpopulation with the most vigorous and progressive sperm (sP4) were obtained. SLC-A recovered a larger number of sperm belonging to sP4 than SLC-E, but not significantly higher than SW. From a practical point of view, sperm washing, the standard centrifugation procedure for equine semen processing, recovered the same amount of fast and progressive sperm as colloid centrifugation, apparently the best treatment according to traditional analysis. In conclusion, samples processed by SLC have higher motility percentages than SW and UDC but, after combining the available number of sperm, SLC and SW techniques are equally efficient in recovering sperm from the most vigorous, fast and progressive motile subpopulation (sP4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Angeles Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Blasa Pereira
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - César Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Dorado J, Hidalgo M, Acha D, Ortiz I, Bottrel M, Azcona F, Carrasco JJ, Gómez-Arrones V, Demyda-Peyrás S. Cryopreservation of Andalusian donkey (Equus asinus) spermatozoa: Use of alternative energy sources in the freezing extender affects post-thaw sperm motility patterns but not DNA stability. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106126. [PMID: 31405480 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sugars and Equex paste in a freezing extender for donkey sperm cryopreservation. Ejaculates (n = 18) were collected from six Andalusian donkeys of proven fertility were pooled (two ejaculates per pool) and cryopreserved using a freezing extender containing three different sugars (glucose, fructose and sorbitol), with or without the addition of Equex paste. Sperm quality was assessed before and after freezing-thawing for motility, morphology, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity. The use of sorbitol in the freezing extender improved total and progressive sperm motility (P < 0.05) and amplitude of lateral head displacement (P < 0.01), but it reduced the values for other sperm motility variables compared with glucose (P < 0.001). The use of fructose resulted in a reduction in values for most CASA variables (P < 0.05), whereas addition of Equex paste did not have any beneficial effect on values for these variables (P > 0.05). Glucose was more effective in maintaining sperm morphology (P < 0.05), while there was no beneficial effect with the addition of Equex paste (P > 0.05). Supplementation of fructose and Equex paste in the freezing extender decreased plasma membrane integrity (P < 0.05) as compared with glucose, but there were no differences between treatments for acrosome and DNA integrity (P > 0.05), even after 24 h of incubation. The use of different sugar sources in the extender could affect the in vitro post-thaw quality of cryopreserved donkey spermatozoa, with sorbitol being an interesting alternative for improving the sperm quality. Results of the present study indicate the use of Equex paste could negatively affect post-thaw outcomes for sperm viability in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - D Acha
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Bottrel
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - F Azcona
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP - CONICET LA PLATA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Department of Animal Production. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. National University of La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - J J Carrasco
- Equine Reproduction Center, Centro de Selección y Reproducción Animal (CENSYRA-Extremadura Government), 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - V Gómez-Arrones
- Equine Reproduction Center, Centro de Selección y Reproducción Animal (CENSYRA-Extremadura Government), 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - S Demyda-Peyrás
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP - CONICET LA PLATA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Department of Animal Production. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. National University of La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
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Optimization of donkey sperm vitrification: Effect of sucrose, sperm concentration, volume and package (0.25 and 0.5 mL straws). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:31-38. [PMID: 30902454 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different factors affecting vitrification success of donkey sperm: extender, sperm concentration, volume and storage vessel type. In Experiment 1, sucrose supplementations at 0.25 and 0.1 M were compared using two base extenders (containing or not egg-yolk); in Experiment 2, three sperm concentrations were assessed: 100, 200 or 300 million sperm/mL; and in Experiment 3, three different sperm volumes (100, 160 and 200 μL) and two different storage vessels (0.25 and 0.5 mL straws) were assessed. Sperm motility variables (CASA), plasma membrane and acrosome (evaluated under fluorescence microscopy) and sperm DNA integrity (flow cytometry) were evaluated after warming with comparisons of protocols. There was a greater total (55.7 ± 16.4%) and progressive (44.0 ± 11.5%) motility using the extender with egg-yolk and 0.1 M sucrose. There were no effects of sperm concentrations on vitrification results (P > 0.05). The 0.25 mL covered straw showed higher values than the 0.5 mL straw for total (50.0 ± 17.3% vs 2.0 ± 6.7%) and progressive (40.5 ± 14.9% vs 0.9 ± 1.5%) motility, plasma membrane (43.9 ± 14.4% vs 14.0 ± 16.4%) and acrosome integrity (51.5 ± 13.6% vs 28.0 ± 14.7%), respectively. In conclusion, values for donkey sperm quality variables after vitrification were greater using an extender containing egg-yolk and 0.1 M sucrose, at 300 million sperm/mL in 0.25 mL straws with outer covers.
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Consuegra C, Crespo F, Dorado J, Diaz-Jimenez M, Pereira B, Ortiz I, Arenas R, Morrell JM, Hidalgo M. Vitrification of Large Volumes of Stallion Sperm in Comparison With Spheres and Conventional Freezing: Effect of Warming Procedures and Sperm Selection. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 83:102680. [PMID: 31791531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stallion sperm was vitrified using straws in comparison with spheres and conventional freezing. Vitrification was performed plunging 30 μL of sperm (spheres) or 0.5 mL straws into liquid nitrogen (LN2) and conventional freezing using 0.5 mL straws frozen in LN2 vapors. Sperm vitrified in straws were submitted to different warming procedures (42°C/20 seconds; 60°C/15 seconds) and single-layer centrifugation (SLC). Total (TM, %) and progressive sperm motility (PM, %), plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome integrity (AIS, %) were statistically compared between treatments (mean ± SEM). Significant higher values (P < .001) were obtained after vitrification using spheres in comparison with conventional freezing and vitrification in straws for TM (54.46 ± 3.2 vs. 36.47 ± 3.2 vs. 2.50 ± 1.2, %), PM (38.63 ± 3.4 vs. 15.11 ± 2.0 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9, %), IMS (65.40 ± 2.8 vs. 50.50 ± 2.8 vs. 21.63 ± 2.1, %), and AIS (48.89 ± 2.8 vs. 15.46 ± 1.7 vs. 4.69 ± 0.9, %). No differences were found between warming procedures. Single-layer centrifugation after warming at 42°C/20 seconds obtained higher values (P < .05) than unselected samples for TM (32.52 ± 5.8%), PM (14.22 ± 2.8%), IMS (60.01 ± 3.2%), and AIS (44.5 ± 2.2%), whereas selection after 60°C/15 seconds increased TM (23.11 ± 4.3%) and IMS (67.11 ± 3.9%). In conclusion, vitrification in spheres obtained better sperm quality than conventional freezing and vitrification in straws. Warming procedures did not affect the sperm quality but SLC could be a strategy to enhance the quality of the samples after sperm vitrification using 0.5 mL straws.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Crespo
- Department of Reproduction, Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (CCFAS-Ministry of Defense), Ávila, Spain
| | - Jesús Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Blasa Pereira
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Regina Arenas
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Cai Z, An J, Liu Y, Yie S, Zhang Y, Li F, Chen J, Wang X, Morrell J, Hou R. Single layer centrifugation improves the quality of frozen-thawed sperm of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Demyda-Peyrás S, Bottrel M, Acha D, Ortiz I, Hidalgo M, Carrasco J, Gómez-Arrones V, Gósalvez J, Dorado J. Effect of cooling rate on sperm quality of cryopreserved Andalusian donkey spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 193:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Stallion sperm freezing with sucrose extenders: A strategy to avoid permeable cryoprotectants. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 191:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Diaz-Jimenez M, Dorado J, Ortiz I, Consuegra C, Pereira B, Gonzalez-De Cara C, Aguilera R, Mari G, Mislei B, Love C, Hidalgo M. Cryopreservation of donkey sperm using non-permeable cryoprotectants. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 189:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cryoprotective effect of glutamine, taurine, and proline on post-thaw semen quality and DNA integrity of donkey spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 189:128-135. [PMID: 29325880 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of amino acid addition to semen on post-thaw quality of donkey spermatozoa. Eighteen ejaculates were pooled and divided into aliquots which were cryopreserved in Gent A® containing 1% ethylene glycol (Gent-EG) and supplemented with 0 (as control), 20, 40, or 60 mM of glutamine, proline, or taurine. The greatest concentration (60 mM) of glutamine and taurine resulted in greater (P < 0.001) post-thaw sperm motility. Amino acid supplementation did not improve (P > 0.05) sperm morphology and membrane plasma integrity compared with the control samples. Whereas, improvement (P < 0.05) of acrosome integrity was observed with use of 60 mM glutamine. After thawing, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the sperm DNA fragmentation index (sDFI) among treatments. The 60 mM glutamine and 40 mM taurine treatments, however, resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in sDFI values in the first 6 h of semen incubation, compared with the control samples. At 24 h, the sDFI values were less (P < 0.05) in all supplemented as compared with control samples, except for the 20 mM proline treatment group. In conclusion, supplementation of the Gent-EG extender with glutamine or taurine at 60 mM improved post-thaw donkey sperm quality. The addition of proline to the freezing extender, however, did not provide any significant enhancement in sperm quality, compared with the control group.
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Hidalgo M, Ortiz I, Dorado J, Morrell JM, Gosálvez J, Consuegra C, Diaz-Jimenez M, Pereira B, Crespo F. Stallion sperm selection prior to freezing using a modified colloid swim-up procedure without centrifugation. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:83-88. [PMID: 28827080 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to: 1) develop a new method for stallion sperm selection using a modified swim-up procedure through a colloid and 2) evaluate its impact in good quality ejaculates from bad freezers in comparison to methods involving centrifugation such as single layer centrifugation and sperm washing. Ejaculates were processed before freezing using three different procedures: sperm washing (SW), colloid single layer centrifugation (SLC) and a modified colloid swim-up (SU). After semen processing, sperm recovery rates were measured and sperm were frozen. Post-thaw sperm motility (assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis), normal forms and plasma membrane integrity (evaluated under bright-field and fluorescence microscopy respectively), and DNA fragmentation (assessed by the Sperm-Halomax kit) were compared between treatments. Sperm recovery rates were similar between SU and SLC but lower than SW. Sperm motility after thawing was lower in SU in comparison to SLC and SW, maybe due to the incomplete removal of seminal plasma before freezing. Sperm DNA fragmentation was lower in SU and SLC selection methods, particularly in SLC selected samples during the first 6h of incubation. The remaining sperm parameters assessed were similar among treatments. In conclusion, SLC is more suitable than SW and SU to process stallion semen prior to freezing, in particular when sperm DNA damage is suspected. Further studies are needed in order to determine the potential benefits of SU in samples where centrifugation is not necessary, such as epididymal sperm, ejaculate fractioning or post-thaw semen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - I Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J M Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - C Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - B Pereira
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Crespo
- Department of Reproduction, Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (FESCCR-Ministry of Defense), Ávila, Spain
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Ortiz-Rodriguez JM, Anel-Lopez L, Martín-Muñoz P, Álvarez M, Gaitskell-Phillips G, Anel L, Rodríguez-Medina P, Peña FJ, Ortega Ferrusola C. Pulse Doppler ultrasound as a tool for the diagnosis of chronic testicular dysfunction in stallions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175878. [PMID: 28558006 PMCID: PMC5448730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular function is particularly susceptible to vascular insult, resulting in a negative impact on sperm production and quality of the ejaculate. A prompt diagnosis of testicular dysfunction enables implementation of appropriate treatment, hence improving fertility forecasts for stallions. The present research aims to: (1) assess if Doppler ultrasonography is a good tool to diagnose stallions with testicular dysfunction; (2) to study the relationship between Doppler parameters of the testicular artery and those of sperm quality assessed by flow cytometry and (3) to establish cut off values to differentiate fertile stallions from those with pathologies causing testicular dysfunction. A total of 10 stallions (n: 7 healthy stallions and n: 3 sub-fertile stallions) were used in this study. Two ejaculates per stallion were collected and preserved at 5°C in a commercial extender. The semen was evaluated at T0, T24 and T48h by flow cytometry. Integrity and viability of sperm (YoPro®-1/EthD-1), mitochondrial activity (MitoTracker® Deep Red FM) and the DNA fragmentation index (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) were assessed. Doppler parameters were measured at three different locations on the testicular artery (Supratesticular artery (SA); Capsular artery (CA) and Intratesticular artery (IA)). The Doppler parameters calculated were: Resistive Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV), Time Average Maximum Velocity (TAMV), Total Arterial Blood Flow (TABF) and TABF rate. The capsular artery was the most reliable location to carry out spectral Doppler assessment, since blood flow parameters of this artery were most closely correlated with sperm quality parameters. Significant differences in all the Doppler parameters studied were observed between fertile and subfertile stallions (p ≤ 0.05). The principal components analysis assay determined that fertile stallions are characterized by high EDV, TAMV, TABF and TABF rate values (high vascular perfusion). In contrast, subfertile stallions tend to present high values of PI and RI (high vascular resistance). The ROC curves revealed that the best Doppler parameters to predict sperm quality in stallions were: Doppler velocities (PSV, EDV and TAMV), the diameter of the capsular artery and TABF parameters (tissue perfusion parameters). Cut off values were established using a Youden´s Index to identify fertile stallions from stallions with testicular dysfunction. Spectral Doppler ultrasound is a good predictive tool for sperm quality since correlations were determined among Doppler parameters and markers of sperm quality. Doppler ultrasonography could be a valuable diagnostic tool for use by clinical practitioners for the diagnosis of stallions with testicular dysfunction and could be a viable alternative to invasive procedures traditionally used for diagnosis of sub-fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Ortiz-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Anel-Lopez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Patricia Martín-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Gemma Gaitskell-Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Anel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - Fernando J. Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Ortiz I, Dorado J, Morrell J, Gosálvez J, Crespo F, Jiménez JM, Hidalgo M. New approach to assess sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics: Fine-tuning mathematical models. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:23. [PMID: 28286648 PMCID: PMC5341447 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) has been proved to be an important parameter in order to predict in vitro the potential fertility of a semen sample. Colloid centrifugation could be a suitable technique to select those donkey sperm more resistant to DNA fragmentation after thawing. Previous studies have shown that to elucidate the latent damage of the DNA molecule, sDF should be assessed dynamically, where the rate of fragmentation between treatments indicates how resistant the DNA is to iatrogenic damage. The rate of fragmentation is calculated using the slope of a linear regression equation. However, it has not been studied if sDF dynamics fit this model. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different after-thawing centrifugation protocols on sperm DNA fragmentation and elucidate the most accurate mathematical model (linear regression, exponential or polynomial) for DNA fragmentation over time in frozen-thawed donkey semen. Results After submitting post-thaw semen samples to no centrifugation (UDC), sperm washing (SW) or single layer centrifugation (SLC) protocols, sDF values after 6 h of incubation were significantly lower in SLC samples than in SW or UDC. Coefficient of determination (R2) values were significantly higher for a second order polynomial model than for linear or exponential. The highest values for acceleration of fragmentation (aSDF) were obtained for SW, followed by SLC and UDC. Conclusion SLC after thawing seems to preserve longer DNA longevity in comparison to UDC and SW. Moreover, the fine-tuning of models has shown that sDF dynamics in frozen-thawed donkey semen fit a second order polynomial model, which implies that fragmentation rate is not constant and fragmentation acceleration must be taken into account to elucidate hidden damage in the DNA molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jane Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Crespo
- Department of Reproduction, Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (FESCCR-Ministry of Defense), 05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34/III, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
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Oliveira JVD, Oliveira PVDLF, Melo e Oña CM, Guasti PN, Monteiro GA, Sancler da Silva YFR, Papa PDM, Alvarenga MA, Dell’Aqua Junior JA, Papa FO. Strategies to improve the fertility of fresh and frozen donkey semen. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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