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Sharawy HA, Hegab AO, Elmetwally MA. Impact of the corpus luteum and follicular parameters on the levels of plasma progesterone and the prediction of pregnancy in Holstein dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1525-1531. [PMID: 37650349 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of corpus luteum and dominant follicles, imaging parameters on the plasma progesterone, and prediction of pregnancy in cows. In total, 48 cows were used in this study and underwent Ovsynch program. Ultrasound imaging of the ovaries was done at the time of PG shots. Corpus luteum diameter (CL_d), area (CL_area), volume (CL_vol), and pixels (CL_PXL), as well as dominant follicle diameter (F_d) and area (F_area), were estimated using the ImageJ program. Blood samples were taken to assess progesterone (P4) concentrations. Pregnancy status was determined at 32 ± 3 days after insemination using an ultrasound "Sonoscape-5 V." Data were analysed using correlation analysis and ROC curves. Plasma P4 concentration showed positive correlation with CL_d (r = .68, p < .01), CL_area (r = .45, p < .01), CL_volume (r = .41, p < .01), and CL_pixels (r = .67, p < .01). The ROC curve indicated that P4 concentrations and CL parameters, especially the CL_pixels, were the best predictors of the pregnancy, among the others that were able to detect pregnancy at the time of PG with the best P4 and CL_pixels cut-off value (4.1 ng/mL and 43.18) and AUC was (0.95 and 0.89); resp. (p < .001). Regarding the other parameters, it was possible to set AUC 0.79, 0.79, and 0.68 for CL_d, area, and volume with a sensitivity of 66.7%, 70.8%, and 66.7% and a specificity of 88.2%, 82.4%, and 70.4% (p < .01), respectively. The AUC for both the follicular diameter and F_area was (0.56) with a sensitivity of 58.33% and 70.8% and a specificity of 62.5% and 50% (p > .05), respectively. In conclusion, CL measurements and progesterone concentrations had the greatest pregnancy prediction in Holstein dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Sharawy
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Center for Reproductive Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - AbdelRaouf O Hegab
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Center for Reproductive Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Mansoura Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Influence of Ovarian Status and Steroid Hormone Concentration on Day of Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) on the Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows Inseminated with Sexed Semen. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050896. [PMID: 36899753 PMCID: PMC10000115 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ovarian status and steroid hormone concentration on the day of TAI on the reproductive performance of dairy cows subjected to estrus synchronization treatment and timed artificial insemination with sexed semen. Seventy-eight cyclic Holstein cows pre-treated with PGF2α-GnRH were divided in two groups-I (Preselect-OvSynch, n = 38) and II (OvSynch+PRID-7-day+eCG, n = 40)-and inseminated with sexed semen. The presence of preovulatory follicle (PF) with or without corpus luteum (CL), the PF diameter, the estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations on the day of TAI, the pregnancy rate (PR) and embryo loss were determined. On the day of TAI, 78.4% of all the pregnant cows presented a PF (mean size 1.80 ± 0.12 cm) without CL, low P4 (0.59 ± 0.28 ng/mL) and high E2 (12.35 ± 2.62 pg/mg) concentrations. The positive correlation between the size of the PF and the level of E2 in the pregnant cows from group II was stronger than that of group I (R = 0.82 vs. R = 0.52, p < 0.05). The pregnancy rate on day 30 (57.5% vs. 36.8%) and day 60 (50% vs. 26.3%; p < 0.05) and the embryo losses (13% vs. 28.5%) showed better effects of treatment in group II. In conclusion, the ovarian status and the steroid hormone concentration on the day of TAI influence the pregnancy rates of dairy cows subjected to estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination with sexed semen.
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Activin A Reduces Porcine Granulosa Cells Apoptosis via ERβ-Dependent ROS Modulation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120704. [PMID: 36548865 PMCID: PMC9783085 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable conditions compromise animal reproduction by altering the ovarian granulosa cells' follicular dynamics and normal physiological function (GCs), eventually resulting in oxidative damage and cell apoptosis. Activin is produced in the GCs and plays a vital role in folliculogenesis. This study investigated the effects of activin A (ACT-A) treatment in vitro on the apoptosis of porcine GCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that ACT-A could attenuate the apoptosis of the GCs and enhance the synthesis of estrogen (E2). ACT-A also enhanced FSH-induced estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) expression, inhibiting ERβ aggravated intracellular accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. The E2 levels in the culture medium, the mRNA expression pattern of the apoptosis-related genes (CASPASE 3, BCL2, and BAX), steroidogenesis-related gene (CYP19A1), and cell viability were analyzed to confirm the results. In summary, this study indicated the protective role of ACT-A in apoptosis by attenuating the ROS accumulation through ERβ. These results aim to enhance the follicular functions and improve animal reproductive performance.
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Madureira A, Burnett T, Carrelli J, Gobikrushanth M, Cerri R, Ambrose D. Anogenital distance is associated with postpartum estrous activity, intensity of estrous expression, ovulation, and progesterone concentrations in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8523-8534. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen F, Lu J, Guo R, Mei C, Guo B, Li W, Tsigkou A, Shi Z. Rectifying cow infertility under heat stress by immunization against inhibin and supplementation of progesterone. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 80:106726. [PMID: 35413656 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken for the development of novel techniques that are based on immunoneutralization of inhibin bioactivity to improve Holstein cow fertility. A series of 4 experiments were carried out on 2 farms that were located in subtropical or temperate regions, to test the effects of immunization against inhibin alpha subunit on cow fertility under varying degrees of heat stress conditions. Though immunization against inhibin alone improved conception rate (CR) after TAI moderately in cows under mild heat stress conditions, the treatment plus progesterone supplementation substantially enhanced CR in the range of 25 to 35 percentages from severe heat stress to comfortable weather conditions. There existed an additive effect between immunization against inhibin and progesterone supplementation that maximally enhanced CR. Further, immunization against inhibin increased both FSH and activin A concentrations in blood during both follicular and luteal phases. It also significantly increased blood concentrations of E2 in the follicular phase but decreased P4 concentrations during the early pregnancy. However, interferon-tau concentrations in blood around the time of pregnancy recognition were doubled in the inhibin immunized cows. In conclusion, immunization against inhibin plus P4 treatment enhances ovarian follicle and the subsequent early embryo developments that help to greatly improve the fertility of Holstein dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - J Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Nanjing Eason Science & Technology Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 215316, China
| | - R Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - C Mei
- Dongying Austasia Modern Dairy Farm Co., Ltd., Dongying 257345, China
| | - B Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - W Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - A Tsigkou
- Department of Biology, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Kunshan, 215316, China
| | - Z Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Follicular Size Threshold for Ovulation Reassessed. Insights from Multiple Ovulating Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091140. [PMID: 35565566 PMCID: PMC9104451 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The selection of a single ovarian follicle able to differentiate and ovulate is a phenomenon common to monovular species including humans. The selected follicle acquires the capacity to ovulate when it reaches a diameter of about 10 mm. In cows with a single follicle of ovulatory size, the probability of ovulation significantly increases with follicle diameter. However, two or more follicles of ovulatory size are often present at estrus. In cows with one follicle of ovulatory size and another follicle of 7–9 mm, the small follicle may, under certain circumstances, ovulate producing a pregnancy. Abstract In Bos. taurus cattle, follicular deviation to dominance begins when the selected ovulatory follicle reaches a mean diameter of 8.5 mm. The dominant follicle acquires the capacity to ovulate when it reaches a diameter of about 10 mm. In this study, data derived from 148 cows in estrus with one follicle of ovulatory size and another of 7–9 mm, reveal that the small follicle has the capacity to ovulate alone or with the dominant follicle; thus, giving rise to a single or twin pregnancy. This indicates that a follicle of deviation size may ovulate in the presence of a follicle of ovulatory size.
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De Rensis F, Saleri R, Garcia-Ispierto I, Scaramuzzi R, López-Gatius F. Effects of Heat Stress on Follicular Physiology in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123406. [PMID: 34944184 PMCID: PMC8697862 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmentally induced hyperthermia, also called heat stress (HS), compromises reproductive physiology in mammals. The number of oocytes is fixed after birth and they are stored in the ovary in a quiescent state (at the stage of the first meiotic prophase) in primordial follicles. There is evidence that HS alters the oocyte quality, the dynamics of follicular growth and ovulation. The dairy cow, submitted to the metabolic stress of high milk production, is a good model for studying the effects of HS on ovarian function. The aim of this review is to describe the influence of HS during the stages of follicular development in dairy cattle, from the activation of primordial follicles to ovulation. Some clinical aspects are also considered. Abstract Follicular organization starts during mid-to-late fetal life with the formation of primordial follicles. The bilateral interplay between the oocyte and adjoining somatic cells during follicular growth and ovulation may be sensitive to heat stress (HS). Mechanisms giving rise to pre-ovulatory temperature gradients across reproductive tissues are mostly regulated by the pre-ovulatory follicle, and because the cooling of the gonads and genital tract depends on a counter-current transfer system of heat, HS may be considered a major factor impairing ovulation, fertilization and early embryo development. There is evidence of a long-lasting influence of HS on oogenesis and final follicular maturation. Follicular stages that are susceptible to HS have not been precisely determined. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the influence of HS during the staged follicular development in dairy cattle, from the activation of primordial follicles to ovulation. Some clinical prospects are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Rensis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 12, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 12, 43121 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Irina Garcia-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Agrotecnio Centre, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Rex Scaramuzzi
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Fernando López-Gatius
- Agrotecnio Centre, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu, 22300 Barbastro, Spain
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Yoshiyama T, Kanazawa T, Takahashi T. Follicular dynamics during the pre-ovulatory and subsequent first follicular wave stages affect the pregnancy outcome in Japanese Black cows. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:345-351. [PMID: 34556611 PMCID: PMC8668376 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diameters of the pre-ovulatory follicles (PF) and the largest follicle during the subsequent first follicular wave (W1LF), and plasma estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations were
monitored on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 (ovulation = Day 1). Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 30. Cows were classified into two groups according to the location of the dominant follicle
ipsilateral (IG) or contralateral (CG) to the corpus luteum on Day 7. From Days 3 to 7, some follicles that had been determined as the subordinate in the previous examination exceeded the
W1LF located in the opposite ovary in terms of the diameter. These were defined as switching (SW), whereas others were defined as non-switching (NSW). The diameter of PF was significantly
smaller in pregnant (P) animals than in non-pregnant (NP) animals. The plasma E2 concentration on Day 0 was significantly higher in P animals than in NP animals and tended to be
higher in NSW than in SW. In addition, plasma E2 concentrations around Days 3 to 7 tended to be higher in P animals of NSW than in NP animals of SW. The conception rates did not
differ between IG and CG but were significantly higher in NSW than in SW. In the IG group, the conception rate tended to be higher in NSW than in SW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsumugi Yoshiyama
- Cooperative Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Fukushima Prefectural Federated Agricultural Aid Association, Fukushima 963-6311, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kanazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Cooperative Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Timing of early resynchronization protocols affects subsequent pregnancy outcome in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2021; 167:61-66. [PMID: 33774367 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of an early resynchronization protocol (Resynch) initiated at different timepoints after timed artificial insemination (TAI) and with unknown pregnancy status. Holstein cows (n = 164) were submitted to the following TAI protocol: D0, insertion of an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and 2 mg im estradiol benzoate (EB); D8, removal of P4 device and treatment with 0.5 mg im sodium cloprostenol (PGF); D9, 0.1 mg im Lecirelin (LEC); and D10, TAI1. Cows were then randomly assigned to Resynch protocols starting either on day 20 (Resynch20D, n = 82) or 25 after TAI1 (Resynch25D, n = 82) with the insertion of a new P4 device and EB treatment. In both groups, P4 device was removed on day 8 after the beginning of Resynch, the same day of pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonography. In pregnant cows there was no further action. Non-pregnant cows were treated with 0.5 mg im PGF, had a blood sample collected for serum P4 analysis and we measured and recorded the size of the largest follicle and the presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL). One day later, cows were treated with 0.1 mg im LEC and TAI2 occurred 12-14 h later. The diameter of the largest follicle and serum P4 were compared between groups by ANOVA for the main effects of treatment, presence of a CL, and their interaction, whereas pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and the percentage of cows with a CL on the day of ultrasonography were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Follicle diameter on day 8 of Resynch was greater for cows in the Resynch20D group compared with Resynch25D (15.9 ± 3.9 vs 12.2 ± 2.5 mm, respectively; P = 0.046). The Resynch25D group had a greater percentage of cows with a CL (51.9 vs 18.9%, respectively; P = 0.0008) and higher serum P4 (2.8 ± 1.1 vs 1.7 ± 0.8 ng/mL; P = 0.041) at the end of the protocol compared with Resynch20D. P/AI at TAI1 was 35.4 and 36.6% (P > 0.10) for cows enrolled in Resynch20D and Resynch25D groups, respectively. P/AI to TAI2, after Resynch protocols, was greater in Resynch25D than Resynch20D (44.2 vs 22.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, starting an early resynchronization protocol 25 days after TAI increases P/AI compared with starting 20 days after TAI, and this was associated with a presumed greater proportion of cows with a functional CL at the moment of P4 device removal.
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Bakhtoo A, Samadi F, Dirandeh E, Colazo M. Effect of types of breeding on embryo survival following first AI in lactating Holstein cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:621-628. [PMID: 33484585 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to investigate the effects of timed-AI protocols versus AI following oestrus detection on circulating progesterone (P4) and embryo survival after first service in Holstein cows. Cycling status was determined by ultrasonography and by plasma P4 concentrations 14 and 26 days after calving, and only cows with a corpus luteum and/or P4 ≥ 1 ng/ml were used. Cows were randomly allocated to one of three types of breeding: DO (n = 80), received GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d-GnRH and Ovsynch56 was initiated 7 days later; G7G (n = 70), received PGF2α-2d-GnRH and Ovsynch56 (GnRH-7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-16h-AI) was initiated 7 days later; or AI based on oestrus detection, EDAI (n = 60). Progesterone was also determined at AI and 8, 16, 18 and 20 days after AI; ISG15 and MX2 mRNA abundance were determined 16 days after AI. Mean plasma P4 at AI was greater in the EDAI group compared with DO and G7G groups, while after AI, P4 was greater in DO and G7G groups compared with EDAI group. However, the percentage of cows with a concentration of P4 < 0.8 ng/ml at AI did not differ among groups. Relative mRNA abundance of ISG15 and MX2 was greater in the DO and G7G groups compared to those in EDAI group. Pregnancy per AI 16, 32 and 60 days after AI was greater (p < .05) in cows in the DO group compared with those in EDAI group (47.5%, 38.8% and 36.3% vs. 30.0%, 21.7% and 15.0%). Pregnancy losses between 16 and 60 days after AI were greater (p < .05) in cows in the EDAI (50.0%) group compared to those subjected to DO (23.7%) or G7G (24.1%). In conclusion, the use of timed-AI synchronization protocols resulted in greater circulating P4 concentrations post-AI and greater embryo survival following first service in lactating Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Bakhtoo
- Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Firooz Samadi
- Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Essa Dirandeh
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Marcos Colazo
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Abdalla H, Salem SE, Elsohaby I, Swelum AA. Likelihood of pregnancy in cows identified with different amounts of anechoic intrauterine fluid at the time of insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 226:106688. [PMID: 33476904 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects of amount of anechoic intrauterine fluid (IUF) and size of largest follicle at insemination on proportion of cows pregnant as a result of AI (P/AI percentage), as well as factors associated with amount of IUF and size of the follicle were investigated. Follicle size was determined, and amount of IUF in the largest uterine segment was categorized as containing no fluid, ≤10, >10-20, and >20 mm using the ultrasonic monitor grid in 735 cows at time of insemination. Multivariable regression models were constructed to evaluate effects of different variables on P/AI percentage, and variables associated with the IUF score and follicle size. On day 30 post-insemination, the P/AI percentage was greater in cows that had >10 to 20 mm IUF than cows with no IUF (OR = 1.9, P = 0.01), but on day 70 post-insemination, the P/AI percentage was similar in cows with different amounts of IUF. Follicle size was not associated with P/AI percentage on days 30 and 70 post-insemination. Cows in spontaneous estrus, multiparous cows, cows with a cystic structure and a typically functional follicle, and Holstein cows had a greater likelihood for a larger IUF value. Primiparous cows, cows on which there was imposing of a hormonal-ovulation-synchronization regimen, and crossbred cows were more likely to have smaller follicles. In conclusion, amount of IUF at the time of insemination and size of the follicle were not associated with P/AI percentage, and several variables were associated with amount of IUF or follicle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Abdalla
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate 44511, Egypt.
| | - Shebl E Salem
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate 44511, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate 44511, Egypt; Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate 44511, Egypt; Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kim IH, Jeong JK, Kang HG. Reproductive performance following a modified Presynch-Ovsynch, Double-Ovsynch, or conventional reproductive management program in Korean dairy herds. Theriogenology 2020; 156:27-35. [PMID: 32652326 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to compare the reproductive performance of dairy cattle following a modified Presynch-Ovsynch, Double-Ovsynch, or conventional reproductive management program (CRMP). On Day 30 (±5) after calving (calving = Day 0), 960 lactating cows were assigned randomly to one of two presynchronization treatments, before the synchronization of ovulation (Ovsynch) or CRMP without presynchronization. Cows were administered prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on Days 38 (±5) and 52, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on Day 55 (Presynch-G-Ovsynch group, n = 333); or GnRH on Day 45 (±5), PGF2α on Day 52, and GnRH again on Day 55 (Double-Ovsynch group, n = 307). Thereafter, each cow underwent Ovsynch 7 days later: GnRH on Day 62, PGF2α on Day 69, and GnRH again 56 h later, followed by timed artificial insemination (AI) 16 h later. The remaining cows underwent AI when estrus was detected or Ovsynch (CRMP group, n = 320). In a subset of cows (each n = 40) in the two presynchronization groups, blood collections and ovarian ultrasonography were performed on Days 30 (±4), 52, 62, and 69, and uterine cytology on Days 30 (±4) and 52. The probabilities of pregnancy per AI 32 and 60 days after the first AI were higher in the Presynch-G-Ovsynch (odds ratio [OR]: 1.89 and 1.81, P < 0.01) and Double-Ovsynch (OR: 1.63 and 1.60, P < 0.05) groups than in the CRMP group. The likelihood of pregnancy by 210 days postpartum was higher (P < 0.05) in Presynch-G-Ovsynch (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.29) and Double-Ovsynch (HR: 1.31) groups than in the CRMP group, whereas the least square mean number of inseminations per conception was lower (P < 0.05) in Presynch-G-Ovsynch (1.8) and Double-Ovsynch (1.8) groups than in the CRMP group (2.1). The percentages of cows with serum progesterone concentrations ≥1.0 ng/mL or with a corpus luteum (CL) did not differ between the groups (P > 0.1) on Days 30, 62, and 69, but were lower (P < 0.05) on Day 52 in the Presynch-G-Ovsynch than in the Double-Ovsynch groups. However, the diameter of the dominant follicles, the proportion of neutrophils in uterine cytological samples, and the prevalence of an accessory CL on Day 69 did not differ (P > 0.1) between the two groups. In conclusion, both the Presynch-G-Ovsynch and Double-Ovsynch programs improved reproductive performance vs. CRMP in smallholder Korean dairy herds, and there were no differences in the ovarian endocrine and structural dynamics, or uterine health, between the two programs involving presynchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Kwan Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Gu Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Guo R, Chen F, Mei C, Dai Z, Yan L, Shi Z. Conception Rate and Reproductive Hormone Secretion in Holstein Cows Immunized against Inhibin and Subjected to the Ovsynch Protocol. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020313. [PMID: 32079231 PMCID: PMC7070342 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent decades, conception rates in lactating dairy cows have dramatically decreased, and improving the conception rate has become a major challenge in dairy cow reproduction. Various Ovsynch protocols have been developed to aid in the resumption of ovarian follicular activity for timely breeding in post-partum cows. However, the effect of Ovsynch protocols on improving the conception rate is unsatisfactory. In addition, immunization against inhibin was reported to improve the fertility of domestic animals. Thus, a novel reproductive technique combining immunization against inhibin and the widely used Ovsynch protocol was proposed and tested in this study. Our results showed that immunization against inhibin has the potential to improve conception rates in cows, but also compromised luteal function. According to these results, additional luteal-stimulating treatments are suggested to further improve cow fertility based on immunization and the Ovsynch protocol. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of improving fertility in dairy cows via immunization against inhibin. Thirty-two cows were divided into Control (n = 11), Low-dose (n = 10) and High-dose (n = 11) groups. The High-dose and Low-dose cows were treated with 1 and 0.5 mg of the inhibin immunogen, respectively. All the cows were subjected to the Ovsynch protocol from the day of antigen administration and were artificially inseminated. Blood samples were serially collected over a 24-day period from the start of the Ovsynch protocol to 14 days after insemination. The results showed that immunization against inhibin dose-dependently increased the plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and activin A, but decreased progesterone (P4) concentrations in the luteal phase. Immunization also increased the plasma interferon (IFN)-τ concentrations in pregnant cows on day 14 after initial insemination. The conception rates in High-dose (45.5%) and Low-dose (40%) cows marginally increased compared to that in Control cows (27.3%), but the increases were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a single immunization against inhibin has the potential to improve conception rates, despite impaired luteal development. To further improve the reproductive performance of dairy cows, additional luteal-stimulating treatments are suggested in combination with immunization against inhibin and Ovsynch techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Cheng Mei
- Dongying Austasia Modern Dairy Farm Co., Ltd., Dongying 257345, China;
| | - Zicun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Leyan Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu TC, Ho CT, Li KP, Chang CC, Chan JPW. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced ovulation occurs later but with equal occurrence in lactating dairy cows: comparing hCG and gonadotropin-releasing hormone protocols. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:507-514. [PMID: 31619595 PMCID: PMC6923156 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of two hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), on ovulatory responses during different diestrous stages in lactating dairy cows. Estrous cycles of 21 cows were synchronized and were enrolled in stage 1 of the experiment. The cows were treated with a prostaglandin (PG) F2α analog either 9 to 10 days [mid-diestrus (MD) group] or 5.5 to 6.5 days [early-diestrus (ED) group] after synchronized ovulation (day 0 = first PGF2α administration). On day 2, the cows were administrated 250 μg GnRH or 3000 IU hCG. Ovulation was determined every 2 h from 24 to 36 h after GnRH or hCG administration, and then every 4 h up to 72 h until ovulation. Cows in stage 2 were administered these treatments in the reverse order. The results indicated that average ovulation times in cows treated with GnRH in the MD group (GnRH-MD group) and cows treated with GnRH in the ED group (GnRH-ED group) were 30.0 ± 1.0 h and 28.8 ± 0.4 h, respectively. However, ovulation times for cows treated with hCG in the MD group (hCG-MD group) and cows treated with hCG in the ED group (hCG-ED group) were 35.8 ± 4.6 h and 32.8 ± 2.2 h, respectively, and ovulation occurred significantly later in the hCG-treated groups than in the GnRH-treated groups. In summary, we found that hCG-induced ovulation occurred later than GnRH-induced ovulation regardless of different diestrous peroids; however, the two treatments did not differ in terms of percentage of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ching Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tang Ho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Po Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jacky Peng-Wen Chan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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López-Gatius F, Garcia-Ispierto I, Serrano-Pérez B, Hunter RHF. The presence of two ovulatory follicles at timed artificial insemination influences the ovulatory response to GnRH in high-producing dairy cows. Theriogenology 2018; 120:91-97. [PMID: 30096620 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the impact of the presence of two co-dominant (ovulatory) follicles at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on the ovulatory response to GnRH given in a fixed-time AI protocol. The study population comprised 622 lactating dairy cows: 306 (49.2%) with a single follicle, 198 (31.8%) with two bilateral follicles (one follicle per ovary) and 118 (19%) with two unilateral follicles (same ovary). Based on odds ratios, cows with two bilateral or unilateral follicles were less likely (by factors of 0.09 and 0.11, respectively) to undergo ovulation failure compared with cows with one follicle (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively); the likelihood of ovulation failure decreased 0.75 times with every one-mm increase in follicle diameter for cows with a single follicle, whereas individual follicle diameter was not related to ovulation failure in cows with two bilateral follicles (P = 0.001). The likelihood of double ovulation decreased 0.7 times with every one-mm diameter difference between the larger and smaller follicle for all cows with two follicles (P = 0.001), whereas cows with two unilateral follicles showed a higher (P < 0.05) double ovulation rate than cows with two bilateral follicles. In 116 (58.6%) of the cows with two bilateral follicles, only the larger follicle ovulated in 59.5% cows, whereas only the smaller one ovulated in the remaining 40.5% cows. In these cows, a one-mm size difference between the larger and the smaller follicle gave rise to a 1.12-fold increase in the ovulation failure rate for the larger follicles (P = 0.0001). Cows with two bilateral follicles were more likely (by a factor of 1.5) to conceive than cows with one follicle (P = 0.001). Significant right-left differences were not found in cows with two bilateral follicles, whereas the right ovary was more active than the left in the remaining cows. Our results indicate that cows with two co-dominant follicles at AI show different ovulation patterns to those with one dominant follicle. A higher rate of ovulation failure was observed among cows with one follicle than cows with two follicles, whereas the conception rate was higher for cows with two bilateral follicles than for the remaining cows. In cows with two follicles, double ovulations along with ovulation of the smaller follicle were related to the least size difference between the larger and smaller follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F López-Gatius
- Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu, Barbastro, Spain.
| | - I Garcia-Ispierto
- Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - B Serrano-Pérez
- Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - R H F Hunter
- Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, UK; Ladfield, Oxnam, Jedburgh, TD8 6RJ, UK
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Effect of presynchronization prior to Ovsynch on ovulatory response to first GnRH, ovulatory follicle diameter and pregnancy per AI in multiparous Holstein cows during summer in Iran. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effect of presynchronization with GnRH and PGF2α prior to Ovsynch on ovulatory response to first GnRH, diameter of largest follicle at TAI and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in multiparous dairy cows during summer. Cows (n=1069) were randomly assigned to one of three timed-AI (TAI) protocols. The TAI protocols were: 1) Ovsynch (O; n=425), GnRH- 7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-16h-TAI), 2) double-Ovsynch (DO; n=302), GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d-GnRH and Ovsynch was initiated 7 days later, and 3) G7G-Ovsynch (G7G; n=342), PGF2α-2d-GnRH and Ovsynch was initiated 7 days later. Ovarian examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography during Ovsynch to determine ovulatory response to first GnRH and diameter of largest follicle at TAI. Presynchronization increased ovulatory response after first GnRH of Ovsynch (P=0.001), which was greater in DO (74.0%) and G7G (76.0%) groups compared to O group (50.0%). Means (±SEM) diameter (mm) of largest follicle at TAI was smaller in cows presynchronized before Ovsynch (DO and G7G, overall 15.7±0.3) compared to that in cows subjected to a standard Ovsynch without presynchronization (18.5±0.42). P/AI at 32 d after Al was greater (P=0.001) in G7G (32.7%) and DO (31.1%) groups compared to Ovsynch (19.7%) group. Presynchronization prior to Ovsynch also affected P/AI at 60 and 150 d after AI (P<0.05). In conclusion, DO and G7G protocols resulted in greater ovulatory response to first GnRH, smaller ovulatory follicles and greater P/AI compared to a standard Ovsynch protocol. Therefore, TAI protocols that include a presynchronization with GnRH and PGF2α prior to Ovsynch should be used in multiparous cows during summer to achieve acceptable reproductive performance.
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Liu TC, Chiang CF, Ho CT, Chan JPW. Effect of GnRH on ovulatory response after luteolysis induced by two low doses of PGF2α in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 105:45-50. [PMID: 28923705 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on ovulatory response after complete luteolysis induced by two low doses of prostaglandin (PG)F2α in lactating dairy cows. Cows (n = 18) ranging between 45 and 65 days in milk were recruited for synchronization by a modified Ovsynch-48 protocol (GnRH-7 days-375 μg PGF2α-1 day-250 μg of PGF2α-1 day-GnRH) over a total of 23 estrous cycles. Synchronized cows (n = 16) were randomly assigned to GnRH and Saline groups in stage 1 of the experiment after 9-10 days of ovulation in synchronization. On days 0 and 1 (day 0 = first PGF2α administration), cows were treated with 375 and 250 μg PGF2α, respectively. On day 2, cows in the GnRH and Saline groups were administered 250 μg GnRH or 2.5 mL of 0.9% saline, respectively. Serum progesterone (P4) levels were measured and changes in the corpus luteum (CL) were ultrasonically monitored daily from day 0-3 to assess complete luteolysis. Preovulatory follicle diameter and ovulatory response were evaluated by ultrasonography. In stage 2, cows were treated in a manner converse to that in stage 1. The synchronization rate was 69.6% (16/23). In stages 1 and 2, cows showed complete luteolysis with P4 concentration <1 ng/mL or remaining CL area <50%. Average ovulation time was 29.3 ± 0.5 h, which mostly occurred between 28 and 30 h after GnRH injection. However, all cows in the Saline group ovulated later than 36 h post-injection, with an average time of 52.7 ± 8.6 h. There was no difference in preovulatory follicle diameter between the two groups (16.8 ± 0.5 and 17.3 ± 0.5 mm for GnRH and saline groups, respectively). Although ovulation rate was not correlated with treatment, the rate within 48 h of GnRH injection (93.3%) tended to be higher compared with that in the Saline group (60.0%). Thus, GnRH administration increased ovulation rate following complete luteolysis induced by two low doses of PGF2α. These results indicate that this simple protocol for dairy cows is an effective alternative to timed artificial insemination programs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ching Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fei Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tang Ho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jacky Peng-Wen Chan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Bruinjé TC, Colazo MG, Gobikrushanth M, Ambrose DJ. Relationships among early postpartum luteal activity, parity, and insemination outcomes based on in-line milk progesterone profiles in Canadian Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2017; 100:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Motavalli T, Dirandeh E, Deldar H, Colazo M. Evaluation of shortened timed-AI protocols for resynchronization of ovulation in multiparous Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 95:187-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Modifications of the G6G timed-AI protocol improved pregnancy per AI and reduced pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Animal 2017; 11:2002-2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Salehi R, Colazo MG, Gobikrushanth M, Basu U, Ambrose DJ. Effects of prepartum oilseed supplements on subclinical endometritis, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine transcripts in endometrial cells and postpartum ovarian function in dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:747-758. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infections affect ovarian function and delay ovulation in cattle. As dietary fats can affect immune cell function, we investigated the influence of prepartum diets on postpartum uterine inflammatory status (UIS) as assessed 25 ± 1 days postpartum by endometrial cytology (normal: ≤8% polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) vs subclinical endometritis (SCE): >8% PMN) and associations between SCE, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and ovarian function. During the last 5 weeks of gestation, dairy cows received a diet supplemented with 8% rolled sunflower (n = 10) or canola seed (n = 9) or no oilseed (n = 9). Ovaries were scanned until 35 days postpartum. Prepartum diets did not influence SCE, but a preovulatory-size follicle developed sooner (P ≤ 0.05), the interval to first ovulation was shorter and the proportion of cows ovulating within 35 days postpartum was greater in the sunflower seed group. Although mRNA expression of cytokines was not affected by diet, cows with SCE had higher (P ≤ 0.05) expression of interleukin-1β (IL1B), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), IL10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) than normal cows. The interval (mean ± s.e.m.) from calving to preovulatory-size follicle was shorter (P ≤ 0.05) in normal (13.2 ± 0.9 days) than SCE cows (18.7 ± 1.4 days). In summary, a prepartum diet supplemented with sunflower seed positively influenced postpartum ovarian function without affecting UIS or pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in endometrial cells.
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López-Helguera I, Colazo MG, Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F. Factors associated with ovarian structures and intrauterine fluid in the postpartum period in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3925-3933. [PMID: 26947303 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to examine risk factors for the interval to resumption of ovarian cyclicity (ROC), multiple ovulations (MCL), ovarian follicular cysts (OC), and presence of intrauterine fluid (IUF) at 22 to 28 [visit (V) 1] and 36 to 42 (V2) days in milk (DIM) in dairy cows. The study was conducted retrospectively by evaluating records from 1,155 Holstein cows from 3 herds. Ovaries and uteri were examined at V1 and V2 by transrectal ultrasonography to determine ovarian structures and IUF. Based on the odds ratio, multiparous cows were more likely to have ROC at V1 by a factor of 1.79 compared with primiparous cows. The likelihood of ROC at V1 was lower in cows with higher milk production, in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) or cows with IUF at V1 by factors of 0.98 (for each kg of milk increased), 0.52, and 0.61, respectively. Based on the odds ratio, cows diagnosed with IUF at V2 were 2.85 times more likely to have attained ROC at V2. Multiparous cows and cows that delivered twins were 2.73 and 2.16 times, respectively, more likely to have MCL at V1, whereas cows with RFM were 0.38 times less likely to have MCL at V1. The likelihood of MCL at V2 was higher in cows with MCL and OC at V1 by factors of 2.67 and 1.91, respectively. Multiparous cows were 8.51 times more likely to have OC at V1 than primiparous cows. Higher producing cows were more likely to have OC at V2 by a factor of 1.04 compared with lower producing cows. Parity, stillbirth, RFM, and ROC at V1 were all identified as risk factors for IUF at V1. Cows with RFM and delivering twins were more likely to be diagnosed with IUF at V2 by a factor of 3.43 and 4.07, respectively. In summary, parity, twinning, RFM, metritis, IUF, and milk production were all associated with altered ovarian structures, and the presence of IUF was related to parity, twinning, RFM, and ROC in postpartum dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- I López-Helguera
- Department of Animal Production, Agotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain 25198; Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - M G Colazo
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6.
| | - I Garcia-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Production, Agotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain 25198
| | - F López-Gatius
- Department of Animal Production, Agotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain 25198
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Carvalho P, Wiltbank M, Fricke P. Manipulation of progesterone to increase ovulatory response to the first GnRH treatment of an Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows receiving first timed artificial insemination. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8800-13. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Cerny KL, Anderson L, Burris WR, Rhoads M, Matthews JC, Bridges PJ. Form of supplemental selenium fed to cycling cows affects systemic concentrations of progesterone but not those of estradiol. Theriogenology 2015; 85:800-806. [PMID: 26559468 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In areas where soils are deficient in selenium (Se), dietary supplementation of this trace mineral directly to cattle is recommended. Selenium status affects fertility, and the form of Se supplemented to cows affects tissue-specific gene expression profiles. The objective of this study was to determine whether the form of Se consumed by cows would affect follicular growth and the production of steroids. Thirty-three Angus-cross cows that had ad libitum access of a mineral mix containing 35 ppm of Se in free-choice vitamin-mineral mixes as either inorganic (ISe), organic (OSe), or a 50/50 mix of ISe and OSe (MIX) for 180 days were used. After 170 days of supplementation, all cows were injected with 25-mg PGF2α to induce regression of the CL and then monitored for behavioral estrus (Day 0). From Day 4 to Day 8 after estrus, follicular growth was determined by transrectal ultrasonography. On Day 6, cows were injected with PGF2α (20 then 15 mg, 8-12 hours apart) to induce regression of the developing CL and differentiation of the dominant follicle of the first follicular wave into a preovulatory follicle. On Day 8, 36 hours after PGF2α (20 mg), the contents of the preovulatory follicle were aspirated by ultrasound-guided follicular puncture. Blood collected on Days 6 and 8 and follicular fluid collected on Day 8 was analyzed for concentrations of progesterone and estradiol. Form of Se supplemented to cows affected (P = 0.04) the systemic concentration of progesterone on Day 6, but not on Day 8. Form of Se did not affect the systemic concentration of estradiol on Day 6 or Day 8. Form of Se tended to affect (P = 0.07) the concentration of progesterone, but not that of estradiol, in the follicular fluid. Form of Se did not affect diameter of the dominant ovarian follicle on Days 4 to 6, but tended to affect (P = 0.08) the diameter of the preovulatory follicle on Day 8. Our results suggest that form of Se fed to cows affects the production of progesterone but not that of estradiol. Further investigation of organic Se-induced increases in progesterone and potentially the effects of increased progesterone on the establishment of pregnancy, especially in cows of lower fertility, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn L Cerny
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Les Anderson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Walter R Burris
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michelle Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - James C Matthews
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Phillip J Bridges
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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