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Haug LM, Jochems R, Gaustad AH, Kommisrud E, Myromslien FD, Grindflek E, Alm-Kristiansen AH. Liquid storage of porcine in vitro-produced blastocysts; a practical approach for short storage. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:441-450. [PMID: 37288532 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199423000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercial application of embryo transfer in pig breeding is dependent on the storage of embryos. The aim of this study was to assess the embryo quality of in vitro-produced blastocysts after 3 h liquid storage at 37°C in CO2-free medium by evaluating morphology, in vitro developmental capacity and apoptosis. Blastocysts at days 5 and 6 post-fertilization were randomly allocated to the storage group (HEPES-buffered NCSU-23 medium including bovine serum albumin in a portable embryo transport incubator at 37°C) or a control group (porcine blastocyst medium in a conventional culture incubator). Thereafter, blastocysts were evaluated for morphology and stained to assess apoptosis straight after the 3 h storage period or after a further 24 h conventional incubation. There was no significant difference between the storage and control group after 3 h storage and the further 24 h conventional incubation for any of the parameters, nor for apoptosis straight after the 3 h storage. Embryos that reached the blastocyst stage at day 5 showed less apoptosis (6.6% vs 10.9%, P = 0.01) and a trend for a higher rate of developmental capacity (70.6% vs 51.5%, P = 0.089) than embryos reaching the blastocyst stage on day 6. In conclusion, in vitro-produced porcine blastocysts can be stored for 3 h at physiological temperature in transportable incubators using a CO2-independent medium without compromising quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Marijke Haug
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Kommisrud
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
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2
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Nguyen TV, Do LTK, Namula Z, Lin Q, Torigoe N, Nagahara M, Hirata M, Tanihara F, Otoi T. Development and Genome Mutation of Bovine Zygotes Vitrified Before and After Genome Editing via Electroporation. CRYOLETTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.54680/fr23210110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation of bovine zygotes allows for a flexible schedule of genome editing via electroporation. However, vitrification-induced cell membrane damage may not only affect embryonic development but also genome mutation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects
of vitrification of zygotes before and after electroporation treatments on the development and genome mutation of bovine presumptive zygotes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro-derived bovine zygotes were electroporated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system immediately (Vitrified-EP) or 2 h after
incubation (Vitrified-2h-EP) following vitrification and warming, or electroporated before vitrification (EP-vitrified). RESULTS: The development rates of vitrified-warmed zygotes were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of control zygotes that were not vitrified. Moreover,
no differences were observed in the mutation rates and mutation efficiency of the blastocysts resulting from electroporated zygotes, irrespective of the timing of electroporation treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that vitrification before and after electroporation treatments
does not affect the genome editing of zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lanh Thi Kim Do
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Zhao Namula
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088 Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingyi Lin
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 7793233 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nanaka Torigoe
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 7793233 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Nagahara
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 7793233 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 7793233 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 7793233 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, 7793233 Tokushima, Japan
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3
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Lee DY, Lee SY, Yun SH, Jeong JW, Kim JH, Kim HW, Choi JS, Kim GD, Joo ST, Choi I, Hur SJ. Review of the Current Research on Fetal Bovine Serum and the
Development of Cultured Meat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:775-799. [PMID: 36133630 PMCID: PMC9478980 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize studies that investigate blood and the
main components of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vertebrates, including major
livestock, and review the current research on commercializing cultured meat.
Detailed research on FBS is still lacking; however, some studies have shown that
FBS consists of proteins, carbohydrates, growth factors, cytokines, fats,
vitamins, minerals, hormones, non-protein nitrogen, and inorganic compounds.
However, there are few studies on how the composition of FBS differs from blood
or serum composition in adult animals, which is probably one of the main reasons
for not successfully replacing FBS. Moreover, recent studies on the development
of FBS replacers and serum-free media have shown that it is difficult to
conclude whether FBS has been completely replaced or serum-free media have been
developed successfully. Our review of the industrialization of cultured meat
reveals that many basic studies on the development of cultured meat have been
conducted, but it is assumed that the study to reduce or replace ingredients
derived from fetuses such as FBS has not yet been actively developed. Therefore,
developing inexpensive and edible media is necessary for the successful
industrialization of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Yun
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Won Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jung Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Seon Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sun Jin
Hur, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong
17546, Korea, Tel: +82-31-670-4673, Fax: +82-31-670-3108, E-mail:
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4
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Wiesak T, Goryszewska-Szczurek E. Effect of vitrification on the expression of genes in porcine blastocysts derived from in vitro matured oocytes. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 68:239-246. [PMID: 35722676 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2072788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of vitrification on the expression of genes that are crucial for porcine early embryo development; cathepsin B (CTSB), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), and OCT-4, which play an important role in the maintenance of embryonic cell pluripotency. Their gene expression was investigated in expanded blastocysts (day 6-7) derived from in vitro matured oocytes. The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to assess the amount of relative specific transcripts in 20 vitrified (treatment group) and 32 fresh non-vitrified (control group) blastocysts. Vitrification was performed using 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plus 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG), and in the final step, 15% DMSO plus 15% EG and a 0.5 M sucrose solution and cryotop as a vitrification device. The blastocysts were warmed in 1 M, 0.5 M, and 0.25 M sucrose solution and kept in a culture medium for six hours before their fixation and further qPCR analysis. A significant upregulation in the targeted genes CTSB (p<.006), GDF9 (p<.04), and CDX2 (p<.003) was observed in the vitrified embryos compared to the fresh control group. Interestingly, the OCT-4 mRNA expression level was not affected by vitrification and remained comparable to that of the fresh non-vitrified embryos. In summary, the results of this pilot study showed, that vitrification induced substantial alteration in the expression of CTSB, GDF9, and CDX2 genes but did not influence the expression of OCT-4 gene in porcine in vitro derived blastocysts. Our data on the expression of developmentally important genes in vitrified porcine blastocyst may facilitate: (1) future improvements in culture conditions and/or cryopreservation protocol and (2) understanding the mechanism(s) of cryoinjuries inducing compromised post-thaw embryo development followed by the poor pregnancy outcome after blastocyst transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Wiesak
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewelina Goryszewska-Szczurek
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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5
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Effect of two 'progressively motile sperm-oocyte' ratios on porcine in vitro fertilization and embryo development. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:543-549. [PMID: 35362399 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sperm motility and viability of cryopreserved semen vary between boars and straws, which influences the outcomes of in vitro embryo production (IVEP). However, progressive motility is usually not considered during IVEP. The aim of this study was to assess fertilization with a 500:1 and 250:1 'progressively motile sperm to oocyte' ratio on IVEP outcomes using semen from three Duroc and three Landrace boars. Frozen-thawed sperm was centrifuged through a 45/90% Percoll® density gradient and sperm quality parameters were assessed. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized at the two ratios, a portion was stained 10-12 h after start of fertilization to analyze fertilization and polyspermy, while the remaining zygotes were cultured up to day 7. The 500:1 ratio resulted in a higher fertilization and blastocyst yield on day 6 compared with the 250:1 ratio, but no effect of ratio was observed for polyspermy, cleavage rate or blastocyst cell number. Individual differences between boars were observed for fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst rates, but not for the other IVEP outcomes. In conclusion, a higher fertilization and blastocyst yield was obtained with the 500:1 ratio compared with the 250:1 ratio, while polyspermy level was consistent across ratios. Differences in IVEP outcomes were still observed between the individual boars although adjusted for progressive motility. Promising blastocyst yields and high total blastocyst cell counts were obtained with sperm from both breeds.
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Chatzimeletiou K, Petrogiannis N, Sioga A, Emmanouil-Nikoloussi EN, Panagiotidis Y, Prapa M, Patrikiou A, Filippa M, Zervakakou G, Papanikolaou K, Makedos A, Kolibianakis E, Tarlatzis BC, Grimbizis G. The human embryo following biopsy on day 5 vs day 3: viability, ultrastructure and spindle / chromosomes configurations. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:219-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Xiang D, Jia B, Guo J, Shao Q, Hong Q, Wei H, Quan G, Wu G. Transcriptome Analysis of mRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs During Subsequent Embryo Development of Porcine Cloned Zygotes After Vitrification. Front Genet 2022; 12:753327. [PMID: 34976007 PMCID: PMC8718616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.753327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of porcine cloned zygotes has important implications for biotechnology and biomedicine research; however, lower embryo developmental potential remains an urgent problem to be resolved. For exploring the sublethal cryodamages during embryo development, this study was designed to acquire the mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) profiles of 2-cells, 4-cells and blastocysts derived from vitrified porcine cloned zygotes using transcriptome sequencing. We identified 167 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 516 DE lncRNAs in 2-cell stage, 469 DE mRNAs and 565 lncRNAs in 4-cell stage, and 389 DE mRNAs and 816 DE lncRNAs in blastocyst stage. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the DE mRNAs during embryo development were involved in many regulatory mechanisms related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and others. Moreover, the target genes of DE lncRNAs in the three embryonic stages were also enriched in many key GO terms or pathways such as “defense response”, “linoleic acid metabolic process”, “embryonic axis specification”, “negative regulation of protein neddylation”, etc., In conclusion, the present study provided comprehensive transcriptomic data about mRNAs and lncRNAs for the vitrified porcine cloned zygotes during different developmental stages, which contributed to further understand the potential cryodamage mechanisms responsible for impaired embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Xiang
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gene Editing and Animal Cloning in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gene Editing and Animal Cloning in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingyong Shao
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gene Editing and Animal Cloning in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Guoquan Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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8
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Chatzimeletiou K, Sioga A, Petrogiannis N, Panagiotidis Y, Prapa M, Patrikiou A, Tarlatzis BC, Grimbizis G. Viability assessment using fluorescent markers and ultrastructure of human biopsied embryos vitrified in open and closed systems. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:833-842. [PMID: 34593325 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Are there any differences in viability and ultrastructure amongst embryos biopsied on Day 5 versus Day 3 following vitrification in open and closed systems and compared to fresh embryos? DESIGN One hundred human embryos (40 blastocysts biopsied on Day 5 and subsequently vitrified in open or closed systems and 60 Day 3 biopsied embryos that developed to blastocysts but were rejected for transfer following preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects and for aneuploidies were either treated fresh [n = 20] or vitrified [n = 40] in open or closed systems) and following warming and culture for 4 h were subjected to viability staining with carboxyfluorescein-diacetate succinimidylester/propidium iodide or processed for transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed in the viability of human biopsied embryos following vitrification in open and closed systems. Compared to fresh embryos, vitrified ones had a higher incidence of damage (propidium iodide-stained cells) irrespective of the vitrification method (P = 0.005). These damaged cells were more prominent in Day 5 biopsied blastocysts and mainly located at the position of cutting. Characteristic lipofuscin droplets (representative of apoptosis) and a higher number of vacuoles and distension of mitochondria were also more evident in vitrified embryos, although this was not statistically assessed. CONCLUSIONS Vitrification in open and closed systems does not adversely affect the viability and ultrastructure of Day 5 and Day 3 biopsied embryos as revealed by the minimal yet statistically significant cell damage observed. This damage may be compensated by the embryos, which in their attempt to fully recover following vitrification, potentially enable 'rescue' processes to eliminate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Chatzimeletiou
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki 56403, Greece.
| | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | | | - Marialena Prapa
- Iakentro Advanced Medical Centre, Thessaloniki 54250, Greece
| | - Antonios Patrikiou
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki 56403, Greece
| | - Basil C Tarlatzis
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki 56403, Greece
| | - Grigoris Grimbizis
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki 56403, Greece
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9
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Xingzhu D, Qingrui Z, Keren C, Yuxi L, Yunpeng H, Shien Z, Xiangwei F. Cryopreservation of Porcine Embryos: Recent Updates and Progress. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:210-218. [PMID: 33625892 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of embryos is important for long-distance embryo transfer and conservation of genetic resources. Porcine research is important for animal husbandry and biomedical research. However, porcine embryos are difficult to cryopreserve because of their high cytoplasmic lipid content and sensitivity to chilling stress. Vitrification is more efficient than slow freezing, and vitrification is mostly used in embryo cryopreservation. So far, the vitrification process of porcine embryos has been continuously improved, resulting in improved survival rates of warmed embryos and farrowing rates after the transplant procedure. It is worth noting that automatic vitrification has made great progress, which is expected to promote the standardization and application of vitrification. In this article, the vitrification process of porcine embryos at the blastula stage and early development stages is reviewed in detail. In addition, the efficiency of different vitrification systems was compared. In addition, we summarize technology that can improve the survival rate of cryopreserved porcine embryos, such as delipidation methods (including physical delipidation and chemical delipidation) and medium improvements (including chemically defined media and adding antioxidants). Meanwhile, gene expression changes during cryopreservation are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Xingzhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuan Qingrui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Keren
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Luo Yuxi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hou Yunpeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Shien
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Xiangwei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Tajima S, Motoyama S, Wakiya Y, Uchikura K, Misawa H, Takishita R, Hirayama Y, Kikuchi K. Piglet production by non-surgical transfer of vitrified embryos, transported to commercial swine farms and warmed on site. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13476. [PMID: 33078458 PMCID: PMC7757198 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of piglet production by non‐surgical embryo transfer (Ns‐ET) of vitrified porcine blastocysts and expanded blastocysts transported to commercial farms and warmed on site (V/T/W embryos). Ns‐ET was performed by depositing 11–20 vitrified and warmed embryos at a proximal site within the uterus via a catheter. In Experiment 1, the effect of donor–recipient estrous cycle asynchrony on the efficiency of Ns‐ET of vitrified and ordinary warmed embryos was investigated at the experimental facility. With a 1‐day delay recipients relative to that of donor, the farrowing rate was 50.0% and the survival rate to term was 21.1%. In Experiment 2, Ns‐ET using recipients with a 1‐day delay and vitrified embryos after one‐step warming and dilution was evaluated at the experimental facility. Although the resulting farrowing rate was 42.9%, the survival rate was 6.4%. In Experiment 3, Ns‐ET was conducted using V/T/W embryos at four commercial farms, where piglets derived from them were produced. When artificial insemination was conducted prior to Ns‐ET, the farrowing and survival rates obtained using V/T/W embryos were 75.0%, and 21.3%, respectively. These results show that Ns‐ET of V/T/W embryos using this protocol would be feasible for piglet production at farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroyasu Misawa
- First development Gr. Section, Misawa Medical Industry Co. Ltd, Kasama, Japan
| | - Rie Takishita
- National Livestock Breeding Center Miyazaki Station, Miyazaki, Kobayashi, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Planning and Coordination, National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima, Nishishirakawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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11
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Jia B, Xiang D, Guo J, Jiao D, Quan G, Hong Q, Fu X, Wei H, Wu G. Successful vitrification of early-stage porcine cloned embryos. Cryobiology 2020; 97:53-59. [PMID: 33065107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the survival and development of porcine cloned embryos vitrified by Cryotop carrier at the zygote, 2- and 4-cell stages. The quality of resultant blastocysts was evaluated according to their total cell number, apoptotic cell rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) content and mRNA expression levels of genes related to embryonic development. The survival rates of zygotes, 2- and 4-cell embryos after vitrification did not differ from those of their fresh counterparts. Vitrification still resulted in significantly decreased blastocyst formation rates of these early-stage embryos. Moreover, the total cells, apoptotic rate, ROS and GSH levels in resultant blastocysts were unaffected by vitrification. The mRNA expression levels of PCNA, CPT1, POU5F1 and DNMT3B in the blastocysts derived from vitrified early-stage embryos were significantly higher than those in the fresh blastocysts, but there was no change in expression of CDX2 and DNMT3A genes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the early-stage porcine cloned embryos including zygotes, 2- and 4-cells can be successfully vitrified, with respectable blastocyst yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Decai Xiang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Deling Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Guoquan Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
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12
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Tajima S, Uchikura K, Kurita T, Kikuchi K. Insemination of recipient sows improves the survival to term of vitrified and warmed porcine expanded blastocysts transferred non-surgically. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13453. [PMID: 32926526 PMCID: PMC7539913 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate reproductive performance after non‐surgical embryo transfer (Ns‐ET) of 10–15 porcine expanded blastocysts (ExBs) that had been vitrified and warmed (V/W) using the micro volume air cooling (MVAC) method. The effect of asynchrony between the donor and recipient estrous cycle was investigated. Ns‐ET was conducted in recipients whose estrous cycle was asynchronous to that of donors by a delay of 2, 1, or 0 days. In the 2‐day and 1‐day groups, the similar farrowing rates (27.3% and 25.0%) and survival rates to term (13.9% and 15.7%) were obtained after Ns‐ET of V/W ExBs. None of the recipients in 0‐day group farrowed. Artificial insemination (AI) prior to Ns‐ET was then evaluated. Ten–15 V/W ExBs were transferred non‐surgically to 12 recipients whose estrous cycles were asynchronous to that of donors by a 2‐day delay. All of the recipients produced piglets, and all (100.0%) delivered piglets were derived from the transferred V/W ExBs. The survival rate of V/W ExBs to term was 25.2%. These results demonstrate that Ns‐ET of V/W ExBs using MVAC can facilitate piglet production, even if 10–15 embryos are transferred. Moreover, piglets were obtained stably when AI was performed prior to Ns‐ET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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13
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Tajima S, Uchikura K, Kurita T, Kikuchi K. The effect of artificial insemination prior to transfer of a limited number of vitrified and warmed porcine embryos by open pulled straw (OPS) method on their survival ability for farrowing. Anim Sci J 2019; 91:e13325. [PMID: 31880022 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) of 20 porcine expanded blastocysts (ExBs) vitrified and warmed (VW) by open pulled straw (OPS) to a recipient allows stable piglet production. The efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) prior to ET of 10 VW ExBs for piglet production was investigated. For one trial, 10-15 VW ExBs from single donor were assigned, 10 were used for ET and the remains were assessed for their in vitro viability. In the non-AI/ET group, 10 were transferred to each of five recipients. As AI/ET group, 10 were transferred to each of five recipients after AI. In AI/non-ET group, only AI was performed to seven gilts. In the non-AI/ET group, the pregnancy rate was 40%, but none of them farrowed. In the AI/ET group, all recipients produced piglets. Four (80.0%) delivered piglets from transferred VW ExBs. The survival rate of VW ExBs to term was 20.0% (10/50). In the AI/non-ET group, six of the seven gilts farrowed. There was no difference in in vitro viability between the non-AI/ET and AI/ ET groups (62.5% and 68.3%, respectively). AI prior to ET can be an appropriate way to maintain pregnancy and assist the development of a low number of VW ExBs to term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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14
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In Vitro Culture of Late Stage Pig Embryos in a Chemically Defined Medium, Porcine Blastocyst Medium (PBM). Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31230275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9566-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In vitro production (IVP) of porcine preimplantation embryos is an important technique not only for basic and biomedical research purposes but also for animal biotechnology application such as transgenesis, cloning, and embryo transfer. In this chapter, we demonstrate a superior IVP procedure of porcine embryos derived from cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) of slaughtered pig ovaries which are cultured sequentially in different defined media. Porcine blastocyst medium (PBM) particularly designed for the late stage embryo culture could improve the potential of morulae or blastocysts to develop into hatching and hatched blastocysts with good quality.
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15
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Sprícigo J, Leme L, Guimarães A, Oliveira Neto J, Silva P, Moreira N, Pivato I, Silva B, Ramos A, Dode M. Phospholipid composition and resistance to vitrification of in vivo blastocyst of a Brazilian naturalized porcine breed. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Piau porcine blastocysts were submitted to MALDI-TOF to identify the main phospholipids (PL). After that, in vivo blastocysts (D6) were vitrified (n=52), non-vitrified were used as control (n=42). After warming, blastocysts were in vitro cultured to assess re-expansion and hatching at 24 and 48 hours. Finally, at 48 hours, hatched blastocysts were submitted to RT-qPCR searching for BCL2A1, BAK, BAX and CASP3 genes. For MALDI-TOF, the ion intensity was expressed in arbitrary units. Blastocyst development was compared by Qui-square (P< 0.05). Among the most representative PL was the phosphatidylcholine [PC (32:0) + H]+; [PC (34:1) + H]+ and [PC (36:4) + H]+. Beyond the PL, MALDI revealed some triglycerides (TG), including PPL (50:2) + Na+, PPO (50:1) + Na+, PLO (52:3) + Na+ and POO (52:2) + Na. Re-expansion did not differ (P> 0.05) between fresh or vitrified blastocysts at 24 (33.3%; 32.7%) or 48 hours (2.4%; 13.5%). Hatching rates were higher (P< 0.05) for fresh compared to vitrified at 24 (66.7%; 15.4%) and 48 hours (97.6%; 36.0%). BAX was overexpressed (P< 0.05) after vitrification. In conclusion, Piau blastocysts can be cryopreserved by Cryotop. This study also demonstrated that the apoptotic pathway may be responsible for the low efficiency of porcine embryo cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F.W. Sprícigo
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil; University of Guelph, Canada
| | - L.O. Leme
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - B.D.M. Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil
| | - A.F. Ramos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil
| | - M.A.N. Dode
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil
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16
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Hoyos-Marulanda V, Alves BS, Rosa PRA, Vieira AD, Gasperin BG, Mondadori RG, Lucia T. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the development of pig oocytes in vitro following parthenogenetic activation and on the lipid content of oocytes and embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:150-155. [PMID: 31076217 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As oocytes and embryos of pigs have greater lipid content in the cytoplasm than those of other species, supplementation of the medium for in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may help to improve embryo development. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of the inclusion of the docosaexaenoic (DHA) and of the eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) in the IVM medium on the development of pig oocytes and on the lipid content of oocytes and embryos. In all experiments, control media consisted of porcine follicular fluid and oocytes were activated through parthenogenesis. In Experiment 1, there were four treatments for each PUFA: one control; and three treatments including EPA or DHA in the IVM medium at 12.5 μM, 25.0 μM and 50.0 μM). In Experiment 2, inclusion of 50 μM DHA was compared against the control. Cleavage rates in the IVM medium including 12.5 μM EPA and blastocyst development rates in media at any EPA concentration were less than for the control in Experiment 1 (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, inclusion of 50 μM DHA in the IVM medium was related to greater cleavage rates and greater number of embryo cells, in Experiment 1, and lesser lipid content in oocytes after 22 and 44 h and in embryos after 7 days, in Experiment 2 (both P < 0.05). Addition of DHA in the IVM medium may benefit the development of pig oocytes, but EPA appears to be cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hoyos-Marulanda
- ReproPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - B S Alves
- ReproPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - P R A Rosa
- ReproPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - A D Vieira
- ReproPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - B G Gasperin
- ReproPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - R G Mondadori
- ReproPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - T Lucia
- ReproPel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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17
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Nguyen VK, Vu HTT, Nguyen HT, Quan HX, Pham LD, Kikuchi K, Nguyen ST, Somfai T. Comparison of the microdrop and minimum volume cooling methods for vitrification of porcine in vitro-produced zygotes and blastocysts after equilibration in low concentrations of cryoprotectant agents. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:457-462. [PMID: 30101829 PMCID: PMC6189571 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the efficacy of the microdrop and minimum volume cooling (MVC) methods for the vitrification of in vitro-produced porcine zygotes and blastocysts after
equilibration in low concentrations of cryoprotectant agents. Zygotes and blastocysts were equilibrated in 2% (v/v) ethylene glycol and 2% (v/v) propylene glycol for 13–15 min. Then, they
were vitrified in a medium comprised of 17.5% ethylene glycol, 17.5% propylene glycol, 0.3 M sucrose, and 50 mg/ml polyvinylpyrrolidone either by either dropping them directly into liquid
nitrogen (microdrop method) or placing them on Cryotop sheets in a minimum volume of medium and plunging into liquid nitrogen (MVC method). Both zygotes and blastocysts were successfully
vitrified. For the vitrification of zygotes, the MVC and microdrop methods were equally effective; however, for blastocyst vitrification, MVC was superior. For both methods, the
vitrification of zygotes produced higher-quality embryos than the vitrification of blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Khanh Nguyen
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thu Vu
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Nguyen
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Xuan Quan
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lan Doan Pham
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Son Thanh Nguyen
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tamas Somfai
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Han HI, Lee SH, Park CK. Development of In Vitro Embryo Production System Using Collagen Matrix Gel Attached with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Derived from Interleukin-1 Beta-Treated Porcine Endometrial Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:396-403. [PMID: 28493788 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an embryo culture system using collagen gel attached with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) derived from interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-treated endometrial tissues from pigs. Endometria were separated from the porcine uterus at the follicular phase of the estrous cycle and were cultured with IL-1β. The collagen gels coincubated with IL-1β-treated endometria (C, without endometrial tissue; CE, with endometrial tissue; and CEI, IL-1β-treated endometrial tissue) were used for embryo culture. We found that, compared with the comparable figures in the control group, prostaglandin synthase-2 (PTGS-2) mRNA was increased in IL-1β-treated endometrial tissue (p < 0.05). The VEGF protein was not observed in collagen gel coincubated without endometrial tissue (C); however, it was detected in collagen gels coincubated with endometrial tissue (CE and CEI). The embryo cleavage rates and blastocyst formation did not differ among the treatment groups. The proportion of blastocysts did not differ among the groups. However, the number of blastocyst cells was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the CEI group than in the other groups. These results clarify the effects of the intrauterine environment on preimplantation embryos and may be useful in research on the effects of extracellular matrix- and cytokine-treated endometrial tissue on embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-In Han
- 1 College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- 2 Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Keun Park
- 3 Animal Biotechnology Program, Division of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Macías-García B, Lopes G, Rocha A, González-Fernández L. Role of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) in bovine gametes and during in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2017; 95:69-74. [PMID: 28460682 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular calcium and activates diverse intracellular pathways. The objective of our work was to demonstrate the presence of CaSR in bovine gametes and its possible role in fertilization and embryo development. The location of CaSR was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in bovine gametes; additionally bovine sperm were incubated with 5, 10 and 15 μM of the specific CaSR inhibitor NPS2143 in a Tyrode's Albumin Lactate Pyruvate medium (4 h). Sperm viability was maintained for all concentrations tested while total motility decreased significantly at 10 and 15 μM. Addition of 15 μM of NPS2143 during oocyte in vitro maturation did not alter the maturation rate. When NPS2143 (15 μM) was added to the fertilization medium during sperm-oocyte co-incubation the cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates remained unchanged. To confirm if 15 μM of NPS2143 exerted any effect on embryo development, NPS2143 was added to the embryo culture medium. Cleavage rates remained unchanged when 15 μM of NPS2143 was added to the culture medium (79.1 ± 6.8 vs. 73.7 ± 5.3; mean % ± SEM; p > 0.05, control vs. inhibitor). By contrast, development to the morula (46.6 ± 7.3 vs. 24.3 ± 4.3; mean % ± SEM; p < 0.05) and blastocyst stages (29.9 ± 9.0 vs. 9.9 ± 3.6; mean % ± SEM; p < 0.05) decreased (control vs. inhibitor). Our results demonstrate a key role of CaSR on sperm motility and embryo development but not on oocyte maturation or fertilization in the bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Macías-García
- CECA/ICETA - Animal Sciences Centre, ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Institute, University of Porto, Portugal; Assisted Reproduction Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre Jesús Usón (CCMIJU), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Graça Lopes
- CECA/ICETA - Animal Sciences Centre, ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Institute, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Rocha
- CECA/ICETA - Animal Sciences Centre, ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Institute, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lauro González-Fernández
- CECA/ICETA - Animal Sciences Centre, ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Institute, University of Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Abstract
Vitrification is widely used to cryopreserve supernumerary embryos following in vitro fertilization (IVF). The mouse model was used to investigate the effects of vitrification on blastomere viability, using viability markers, and on the cytoskeleton, by analysing spindle/chromosome configurations, using confocal scanning microscopy. Ninety cleavage and morula stage dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)/EG vitrified mouse embryos were either processed immediately following warming for viability assessment by labelling with the fluorescent markers carboxyfluorescein-diacetate succinimidylester (CFSE) and propidium iodide (PI) or were cultured to the blastocyst stage and immunostained with α-tubulin antibody to visualize microtubules and DAPI or PI to visualize DNA. Sixty-five fresh embryos were also used as the control. Vitrified embryos showed high survival rates following warming, but they had a higher incidence of damaged blastomeres compared with fresh embryos. Most mitotic spindles examined in all groups were normal, but multivariable analysis revealed that the proportion of abnormal spindles was significantly higher in vitrified/warmed embryos (P < 0.05). This study is the first to examine the immediate effects of vitrification on blastomere viability, using fluorescent markers and shows that although vitrification results in a higher incidence of damaged blastomeres, vitrified embryos may compensate for this limited number of damaged/abnormal cells, as development to the blastocyst stage was not compromised.
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21
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Santos ECDS, Somfai T, Appeltant R, Dang-Nguyen TQ, Noguchi J, Kaneko H, Kikuchi K. Effects of polyethylene glycol and a synthetic ice blocker during vitrification of immature porcine oocytes on survival and subsequent embryo development. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:1042-1048. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamas Somfai
- Institute of Livestock and Glassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ruth Appeltant
- Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Ibaraki Japan
| | - Thanh Quang Dang-Nguyen
- Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Ibaraki Japan
| | - Junko Noguchi
- Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneko
- Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Ibaraki Japan
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22
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Cuello C, Martinez CA, Nohalez A, Parrilla I, Roca J, Gil MA, Martinez EA. Effective vitrification and warming of porcine embryos using a pH-stable, chemically defined medium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33915. [PMID: 27666294 PMCID: PMC5036199 DOI: 10.1038/srep33915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of pH-stable media would simplify embryo vitrification and the warming of porcine embryos and might facilitate the application of embryo transfer in practice. In this work, we investigated whether a pH-stable basal medium constituted of Tyrode’s lactate medium, polyvinyl alcohol, and HEPES for buffering was suitable for porcine embryo vitrification warming in place of the conventional gas-equilibrated media. A high percentage (>90%) of embryos survived vitrification and warming in this medium, achieving in vitro survival rates similar to embryos vitrified-warmed using the conventional protocol and their fresh counterparts. The pH-stable medium did not affect the in vivo developmental competence of the vitrified-warmed embryos. A farrowing rate of 71.4% (5/7) with 10.4 ± 3.1 piglets born was obtained for the embryos vitrified and warmed in this medium and transferred to selected recipients. This medium will enable the use of simple, safe and standardized protocols for the vitrification and warming of porcine embryos for optimal embryo survival and quality when applied under field conditions. This study opens new possibilities for the widespread use of embryo transfer in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuello
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, E-3100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina A Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, E-3100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia Nohalez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, E-3100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, E-3100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, E-3100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria A Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, E-3100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, E-3100, Murcia, Spain
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23
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Kikuchi K, Kaneko H, Nakai M, Somfai T, Kashiwazaki N, Nagai T. Contribution of in vitro systems to preservation and utilization of porcine genetic resources. Theriogenology 2016; 86:170-5. [PMID: 27142488 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the conservation or preservation of mammalian genetic resources, especially farm animals, has been conducted under in situ conditions by maintaining living individuals as "livestock." However, systems for laboratory in vitro embryo production using gametes such as spermatozoa and oocytes are now available, in addition to ex situ preservation methods for mammalian genetic resources. One of these methods is the cryopreservation of gametes, embryos, and gonadal tissues. In pigs, freezing of sperm is the most reliable and well-established method for this purpose. On the other hand, cryopreservation of female gametes (oocytes) and gonadal tissues-usually by vitrification-has been associated with very low efficacies. Recently, in our laboratory, some research themes related to this issue have been pursued. We have been focusing on advances in porcine in vitro embryo production systems, and here, we introduce recent data on the vitrification of porcine immature oocytes and gonadal tissues followed by their xenografting into host mice to produce gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneko
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakai
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tamas Somfai
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naomi Kashiwazaki
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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