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Cuadro F, García Pintos C, Núñez-Olivera R, Brochado C, Bó GA, Menchaca A. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) treatment in heifers: Double ovulation, twinning rate, and pregnancy losses in twin pregnancies. Theriogenology 2024; 226:213-218. [PMID: 38914033 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 200 and 300 IU) administered at the end of a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) treatment protocol on ovulation, pregnancy, and twin rates in Bos taurus beef heifers. In addition, pregnancy losses in heifers with singleton and twin pregnancies were determined. A total of 2382 Angus heifers treated with a 6-day estradiol/progesterone-based protocol for FTAI (J-Synch protocol) were randomly allocated to two experimental groups to receive 200 or 300 IU of eCG administered intramuscularly at the time of intravaginal progesterone device removal; FTAI was performed from 60 to 72 h after device removal. The pregnancy rate did not differ (P = 0.89) between the 200 and 300 IU eCG groups. The number of corpus luteum induced by both eCG doses was determined by ultrasonographic examination 14 days after insemination and those treated with 300 IU of eCG had a greater double ovulation rate (P < 0.05). In addition, 300 IU eCG treated heifers had a higher twinning rate on day 30 of gestation (P < 0.05) and parturition (P < 0.05). Pregnancy losses from 30 days of gestation to calving did not differ between heifers treated with 200 and 300 IU of eCG (P = 0.70). However, regardless of the experimental group, heifers bearing twins had greater pregnancy losses than heifers with singletons (P < 0.05). In conclusion, reducing the dose of eCG from 300 to 200 IU under FTAI treatment protocol decreases double ovulation and twinning rates, maintaining a similar pregnancy rate in heifers. Nulliparous cows carrying two fetuses suffer greater pregnancy losses than cows with singletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cuadro
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C García Pintos
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Núñez-Olivera
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Brochado
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Sales AFF, Cappellozza BI, Vilela E, Claro Júnior I, Sá Filho OG, Vasconcelos JLM. Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin dosage and its splitting in different days on reproductive performance of Nellore cows synchronized for timed-artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2024; 218:267-275. [PMID: 38367335 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and its splitting in different days of the synchronization protocol on reproductive performance of primiparous and multiparous Nellore cows. In the present study, 2,536 Nellore cows (1,634 primiparous and 902 multiparous) were assigned to receive in a 2 × 2 factorial design 1) an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) on day -11, 12.5 mg (i.m.) of dinoprost tromethamine (PGF), 300 IU (i.m.) of eCG, 0.6 mg (i.m.) of estradiol cypionate (ECP), and P4 device withdrawal on day -2, followed by TAI on day 0 (n = 632 cows, being 409 primiparous and 223 multiparous; 300-2), 2) 300 IU (i.m) of eCG administered on days -4 and -2 (150 IU of eCG/day; n = 637 cows, being 412 primiparous and 225 multiparous; 300-4-2), 3) 400 IU (i.m.) of eCG administered on day -2 (n = 633 cows, being 406 primiparous and 227 multiparous; 400-2), and 4) 400 IU (i.m) of eCG administered on days -4 and -2 (200 IU of eCG/day; n = 634 cows, being 407 primiparous and 227 multiparous; 400-4-2). Individual cow BCS was assessed on days -11, 0 (timed-AI), and 31 of the study. Body condition score of the animals was classified into LOW or HIGH using the threshold of 2.75 (≤2.75 = LOW; >2.75 = HIGH). For primiparous cows, an eCG splitting effect was observed on follicle size, as cows receiving eCG on days -4 and -2 of the synchronization protocol had a larger follicle than cows administered eCG only on day -2. For day 31 P/AI, primiparous cows receiving 400-4-2, regardless of BCS, had a greater P/AI than cows from other treatments. Administering 400-4-2 to LOW BCS cows also resulted in greater P/AI than all other treatments assigned to LOW BCS cows. For multiparous cows, no treatment effect was observed for follicle size, estrus expression, and day 31 P/AI (P ≥ 0.21). In summary, increasing the dose and splitting the dose of eCG positively impacted the pregnancy rates of primiparous cows under a BCS ≤2.75, but no effects were detected on multiparous cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F F Sales
- Lageado Biotecnologia e Pecuária, Mineiros, GO, 75830-000, Brazil; Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, 18168-000, Brazil
| | | | - E Vilela
- Lageado Biotecnologia e Pecuária, Mineiros, GO, 75830-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, 18168-000, Brazil.
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Funakoshi D, Shiotani H, Seki M. Equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment and timed artificial insemination for dairy cow production under heat stress. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:30-34. [PMID: 38171736 PMCID: PMC10902633 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of timed artificial insemination (TAI) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration on lactating dairy cows under heat-stress conditions (average temperature-humidity index: 80). Timed artificial insemination was performed on the cows with (n = 57) or without (control, n = 41) supplementation with 500 IU of eCG at the day of PGF2α treatment using the CIDR-Ovsynch protocol. GnRH was administered, and a progesterone device (CIDR) was inserted on Day -10 of the treatment protocol. The CIDR was removed on Day -3, and the cows were treated with PGF2α. Two days later, a 2nd GnRH injection was administered. Subsequently, AI was performed on Day 0 (16-20 h after the 2nd GnRH injection), and pregnancy was diagnosed on Days 32 and 60. Plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations were measured after AI. Results showed that the eCG group had a higher pregnancy per AI (P/AI) than the control group (43.9 vs. 12.2%, P = 0.002), which was also accompanied by elevated P4 levels. Four cows in the eCG group had multiple calves, representing 7.0 and 16.0% of the group and pregnant cows, respectively. In conclusion, 500 IU of eCG combined with CIDR-Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows under severe heat stress conditions successfully improved fertility. However, the protocol may have a slight risk of multiple births.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makoto Seki
- Aska Animal Health Co., Ltd., Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
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Sartori R, Consentini CEC, Alves RLOR, Silva LO, Wiltbank MC. Review: Manipulation of follicle development to improve fertility of cattle in timed-artificial insemination programs. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100769. [PMID: 37567674 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an ovulatory follicle is a fundamental premise for any reproductive management program that aims to optimize fertility in cattle. Controlling follicular development comprises the synchronized emergence of a new follicular wave, selection and growth of the dominant follicle, and synchronized ovulation of a high-quality oocyte. All these follicular events, primarily driven by gonadotropin secretion, occur under a very dynamic hormonal environment. In this sense, controlling follicular development demands essentially a precise manipulation of the hormonal environment to modulate gonadotropin secretion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of hormonal manipulation strategies in the management of follicular development depends on specific particularities of each situation, which can vary widely according to genetic groups (Bos taurus vs Bos indicus), nutritional, metabolic, and reproductive status. In this regard, the constant search for the refined synchrony between the hormonal treatments and reproductive events, considering these distinctions and particularities, have provided valuable information that contributed to the development of efficient reproductive programs. This manuscript discusses the physiological bases behind the development of fine-tuned timed-artificial insemination protocols for beef and dairy cattle that resulted in great improvements in reproductive efficiency of beef and dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sartori
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - C E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - R L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L O Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Sanz A, Gobikrushanth M, Colazo MG. Type of CIDR but not eCG administration affected pregnancy per AI in Holstein heifers subjected to a 5-day estrus synchronization protocol. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albina Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohanathas Gobikrushanth
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Marcos G. Colazo
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Rocha CC, Martins T, Mello BP, Dalmaso de Mello G, Motta IG, Lemes KM, Binelli M, Madureira EH, Pugliesi G. Comparing the effect of estradiol benzoate and 17β-estradiol plus progesterone on follicular turnover and development, and pregnancy outcomes in a timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 2022; 192:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Effects of eCG and FSH in timed artificial insemination treatment regimens on estrous expression and pregnancy rates in primiparous and multiparous Bos indicus cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 228:106751. [PMID: 33866258 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects were evaluated in Bos indicus cows of eCG and FSH on follicular growth, estrous expression, and pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) as a result of fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI). In Experiment 1, extent of timing-of-ovulation synchronization among cows was evaluated after imposing an estrogen/progesterone-based treatment regimen. At progesterone device removal (D8), cows were administered: eCG, or FSH or served as untreated Controls. In Experiment 2, percentage of cows P/AI was evaluated when the Experiment 1-treatment regimen was imposed. On D10, all cows were artificially inseminated. In Experiment 3, cows were assigned to two treatment groups (Control and eCG) on D8 to evaluate percentage of cows P/AI and estrous expression. In Experiment 1, follicular dynamics were similar among treatment groups. In Experiment 2, follicular growth was greater (P = 0.0001) with the eCG treatment. There was an interaction of treatment × parity (P = 0.007) on percentage of cows P/AI. There was a greater percentage of primiparous cows P/AI in the eCG-treated than Control and FSH-treated cows. There was a greater percentage of eCG-treated multiparous cows pregnant as a result of TAI than Control cows. There was an interaction of treatment × parity (P = 0.005) on P/AI in Experiment 3, in which the eCG effect was more pronounced in primiparous cows. Treatment with FSH, therefore, was not as effective as eCG in stimulation of follicular growth or enhancing percentage of cows pregnant as a result of TAI. Physiological effects of eCG, however, were also more evident in primiparous cows.
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Size and number of corpora lutea and serum progesterone concentrations when administering two doses of eCG in an estrous synchronization treatment regimen for dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 222:106620. [PMID: 33069131 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There was investigation of whether there were ovulations from co-dominant follicles following eCG administration. In all experiments, there was GnRH injection and CIDR insertion on day 0 (D0), CIDR withdrawal on D8, and cloprostenol administration on D8 (Exp. I and II) or D7 and D8 (Exp. III). Females in the control group were not administered any further treatment. Females in other group(s) were treated with eCG (500 IU) on Day 2 in Exp. I, Day 2 (eCG-2) or 8 (eCG-8) in Exp. II and Day 2 (eCG-2) or Days 2 and 6 (eCG-2-6) in Exp. III. Ovaries were examined using ultrasonography. In Experiments I and II, females had follicle emergence on Day 2. At the time of CIDR removal, more eCG-treated heifers (8/9; Exp. I) and cows (5/6; eCG-2; Exp. II) had co-dominant follicles compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Occurrence of ovulations from co-dominant for individual cows was minimal. In Experiment III, the time period from CIDR removal to estrus in cows treated with eCG-2 (68 ± 13 h) was longer compared to cows in the control (37±2 h) and eCG-2-6-treated group (38 ± 5 h; P < 0.05). There was a greater proportion of heifers having ovulations and thus greater progesterone concentration in the eCG-2-6 than eCG-2 group (P < 0.05). Administering eCG twice 4 days apart with the initial administration being two days after GnRH administration, at the time of follicle wave emergence, could induce growth of and ovulation from co-dominant follicles and enhance progesterone production in cattle.
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Su Q, Ma L, Lei QL. Network pharmacology approach to determine active compounds and potential targets associated with the anti-abortion effects of scutellariae radix. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_35_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Macmillan K, Gobikrushanth M, Sanz A, Bignell D, Boender G, Macrae L, Mapletoft RJ, Colazo MG. Comparison of the effects of two shortened timed-AI protocols on pregnancy per AI in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2019; 142:85-91. [PMID: 31581047 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to compare pregnancy per AI (P/AI) between two shortened timed-AI (TAI) protocols in beef cattle. This study also determined whether administration of eCG in heifers and timing of AI in cows would affect P/AI. Cattle were submitted at random to either a modified 5-d Co-synch protocol (Day 0 = progesterone releasing device (CIDR); Day 5 = CIDR removal and 500 μg of cloprostenol (PGF); Day 8 = 100 μg GnRH concurrent with AI) or J-synch protocol (Day 0 = CIDR insertion and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate i.m.; Day 6 = CIDR removal and 500 μg PGF; Day 9 = 100 μg GnRH concurrent with AI). In Experiment 1, 1135 heifers (13-15 mo of age) received an estrus detection patch (Estrotect™) on Day 5 and 579 were selected at random to receive 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at the time of CIDR removal. Patches were scored from 0 to 3 based on color change between initial application and AI; 0 = unchanged, 1 = ≤ 50% change, 2 = > 50% change, 3 = missing. Estrus was defined to have occurred when the patch was scored 2 or 3. In Experiment 2, 399 cyclic, non-lactating beef cows from 1 location were submitted to either the modified 5-d Co-synch or J-synch protocol and within each protocol cows were TAI at either 66 ± 1 (n = 199) or 72 ± 1 h (n = 200) following CIDR removal. Transrectal ultrasonography was used in both experiments to determine presence of a corpus luteum (CL) on Day 0, and to diagnose pregnancy 35 d after TAI. In Experiment 1, eCG increased estrus rate only in heifers without a CL on day 0 that were submitted to the modified 5-d Co-synch protocol (41.9 vs. 69.6%). Heifers submitted to the J-synch protocol had greater (P = 0.03) P/AI compared with those in the modified 5-d Co-synch (48.7 vs. 41.1%) and heifers that expressed estrus before AI had increased (P < 0.0001) P/AI compared to those that did not (53.6 vs. 36.5%). Administration of eCG and presence of a CL tended to affect P/AI (P = 0.13). In Experiment 2, cows submitted to the J-synch protocol tended (P = 0.07) to have greater P/AI compared to those in the modified 5-d Co-synch (74.1 vs. 66.5%). There was no association between P/AI and timing of AI. In summary, the J-synch protocol resulted in greater P/AI than the modified 5-day Co-synch protocol in heifers and cows. Administration of eCG increased estrus rate in heifers without a CL at the start of the protocol and tended to improve P/AI in all heifers. Timing of AI (66 vs. 72 h) had no effect on P/AI in cows subjected to either TAI protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Macmillan
- Livestock Systems Section, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, T6H 5T6, Canada
| | - M Gobikrushanth
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - A Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - D Bignell
- Livestock Systems Section, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, T6H 5T6, Canada
| | - G Boender
- The Farm Animal Hospital, Leduc, T9E 6Z9, Canada
| | - L Macrae
- Agri-Vet Alberta, Westlock, T7P 2N9, Canada
| | - R J Mapletoft
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - M G Colazo
- Livestock Systems Section, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, T6H 5T6, Canada.
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