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Samare-Najaf M, Neisy A, Samareh A, Moghadam D, Jamali N, Zarei R, Zal F. The constructive and destructive impact of autophagy on both genders' reproducibility, a comprehensive review. Autophagy 2023; 19:3033-3061. [PMID: 37505071 PMCID: PMC10621263 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2238577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is characterized by a series of massive renovations at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Recent studies have strongly tended to reveal the involvement of basic molecular pathways such as autophagy, a highly conserved eukaryotic cellular recycling, during reproductive processes. This review comprehensively describes the current knowledge, updated to September 2022, of autophagy contribution during reproductive processes in males including spermatogenesis, sperm motility and viability, and male sex hormones and females including germ cells and oocytes viability, ovulation, implantation, fertilization, and female sex hormones. Furthermore, the consequences of disruption in autophagic flux on the reproductive disorders including oligospermia, azoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, globozoospermia, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and other disorders related to infertility are discussed as well.Abbreviations: AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; E2: estrogen; EDs: endocrine disruptors; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; FOX: forkhead box; GCs: granulosa cells; HIF: hypoxia inducible factor; IVF: in vitro fertilization; IVM: in vitro maturation; LCs: Leydig cells; LDs: lipid droplets; LH: luteinizing hormone; LRWD1: leucine rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing 1; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFKB/NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B; P4: progesterone; PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome; PDLIM1: PDZ and LIM domain 1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; POI: premature ovarian insufficiency; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SCs: Sertoli cells; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TSGA10: testis specific 10; TST: testosterone; VCP: vasolin containing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samare-Najaf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Kerman Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asma Neisy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Samareh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Delaram Moghadam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Jamali
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Reza Zarei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Boussada M, Hammami I, Ben Ali R, Ammar AB, Alves M, Oliveira PF, Akacha AB, Abdelkarim IL, Zekri S, El May MV. In vivo exposure to a new 2‐cyano‐2‐
p
‐nitrophenyl‐
N
‐benzylthioamide decreases doxorubicin‐triggered structural damages in the mature testis. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14634. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Boussada
- Research Unit 17/ES/13, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Imen Hammami
- Research Unit 17/ES/13, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Research Unit 17/ES/13, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Awatef Ben Ammar
- Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Marco Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Fontes Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto Porto Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Azaiez Ben Akacha
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry Department, School of Sciences of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Ines Limam Abdelkarim
- Laboratory oh Hematology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Sami Zekri
- Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Michèle Véronique El May
- Research Unit 17/ES/13, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
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Mohan UP, P B TP, Iqbal STA, Arunachalam S. Mechanisms of doxorubicin-mediated reproductive toxicity - A review. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:80-89. [PMID: 33878324 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug doxorubicin has been associated with several adverse side-effects including reproductive toxicity in both genders. The current review has complied the mechanisms of doxorubicin induced reproductive toxicity. The articles cited in the review were searched using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct. Doxorubicin treatment has been found to cause a decrease in testicular mass along with histopathological deformities, oligospermia and abnormalities in sperm morphology. Apart from severely affecting the normal physiological role of both Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, doxorubicin also causes chromosome abnormalities and affects DNA methylase enzyme. Testicular lipid metabolism has been found to be negatively affected by doxorubicin treatment resulting in altered profile of sphingolipids glycerophospholipids and neutral lipids. Dysregulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) are strongly linked to testicular exposure to doxorubicin. Further, oxidative stress along with endoplasmic reticulum stress are also found to aggravate the male reproductive functioning in doxorubicin treated conditions. Several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are downregulated by doxorubicin. It also disturbs the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-axis including testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone etc. In females, the drug disturbs folliculogenesis and oogenesis leading to failure of ovulation and uterine cycle. In rodent model the drug shortens pro-estrous and estrous phases. It was also found that doxorubicin causes mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes with impaired calcium signaling along with ER stress. The goal of the present review is to comprehends various pathways due to which doxorubicin treatment promotes toxicity in male and female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Priya Mohan
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Adverse Drug Reactions, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, PIN 626126, India
| | | | | | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Adverse Drug Reactions, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, PIN 626126, India.
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Rahmani A, Zavvar Mousavi H, Salehi R, Bagheri A. Novel pH-sensitive and biodegradable micelles for the combined delivery of doxorubicin and conferone to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29228-29246. [PMID: 35521092 PMCID: PMC9055950 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
pH-sensitive micelles are desirable for co-drug delivery in cancer chemotherapy. Herein, a novel, very pH-sensitive and biodegradable citric acid grafted poly maleate-block-poly lactic-co-glycolic acid was synthesized and assembled as micelles via ultrasonication. The engineered homogeneous nanomicelles were used for the first time for doxorubicin and conferone combination chemotherapy in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The physicochemical properties of the micelles were investigated via 13CNMR, 1HNMR, FTIR, CHNS, DSC, SEM, and DLS-zeta analysis, and the in vitro degradation of the synthetic copolymer was investigated to confirm its biodegradability. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the micelles was determined using pyrene as a probe and a spectrofluorometer. The drug release process was studied in acidic and neutral pH. The anti-tumoral properties of the dual drug-loaded micelles were investigated via MTT assay, cell cycle, and apoptosis experiments. The apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin-V, qRT-PCR and western blotting. The particle size (51.9 nm), zeta potential (-6.57 mV) and CMC (1.793 μg mL-1) of the co-drug loaded micelles were in the acceptable range for electrostatic stability. The uptake of the co-drug loaded micelles in the MDA-MB-231 cell line and spheroids was 97% and 36.1%, respectively. The cell cycle and apoptosis tests revealed that the cells treated with the co-drug-loaded micelles showed the highest amount of apoptosis (95.35%) in comparison to the single drug-loaded micelles and free drugs. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) showed that the expression levels of the proapoptotic genes were significantly up-regulated in the presence of the co-drug loaded micelles versus the single-drug loaded micelles and free drugs. Western blotting revealed that the co-drug-loaded micelles promoted apoptosis via the caspase-dependent pathway. Our findings confirmed that the pH-responsive biodegradable micelles containing doxorubicin and conferone are novel and effective for combination chemotherapy and offer a promising strategy for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Rahmani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University Semnan Iran
| | - Hassan Zavvar Mousavi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University Semnan Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan P.O. Box 41335-1914 Rasht Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ahmad Bagheri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University Semnan Iran
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