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Presicce GA, Vistocco D, Capuano M, Navas L, Salzano A, Bifulco G, Campanile G, Neglia G. Pregnancies following Protocols for Repetitive Synchronization of Ovulation in Primiparous Buffaloes in Different Seasons. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110616. [PMID: 36356093 PMCID: PMC9693142 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Artificial Insemination (AI) is mainly used after estrus synchronization in buffalo, and consecutive synchronization protocols are used to enhance reproductive efficiency. In this study, two different synchronization protocols have been used: Ovsynch vs. a P4-administration, and their efficiency in primiparous animals has been evaluated in different seasons for up to four cycles of re-synchronization protocols. Results show that the pregnancy rate upon the initial AI tends to be higher in P4 treated buffaloes, and that AI efficiency after re-synchronization through P4 is higher than the Ovsynch protocol. In conclusion, synchronization treatments must be selected according to the season of the year. The results derived from this study could be useful for buffalo breeders who want to improve the reproductive efficiency in primiparous animals in commercially managed buffalo herds. Abstract Primiparous buffaloes were tested in two periods of the year characterized, by either low or high reproductive efficiency. They were subjected to two protocols for synchronization of ovulation: (i) Ovsynch (OV) and (ii) progesterone based (P4) treatment. After calving, the animals underwent a series of four cycles of re-synchronization protocols. The season did not affect pregnancy rates when the results of the two treatments were pooled together with regard to the first synchronization protocol, followed by AI. Pregnancy rates were similar during the low breeding season (50.3% vs. 57.4% in OV and P4, respectively), but different during the high breeding season (50.4% vs. 67.7% in OV and P4, respectively; p = 0.000). Logistic regression confirmed a significant effect of treatment and season interaction on pregnancy (p = 0.003). Following re-synchronization, a treatment by season interaction was detected during the low breeding season (odds ratio = 2.233), in favor of P4. Finally, a survival analysis showed a better response of animals subjected to P4 treatment from the second AI onward. In conclusion, the pooled data of pregnancy rates from both treatments between seasons are not different following AIs. Better results, though, were obtained from the implementation of P4 treatment, and are recorded in a season-fashioned mode when the comparison is made following first or cumulative AIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio A. Presicce
- Agenzia Regionale per lo Sviluppo e l’Innovazione dell’Agricoltura del Lazio (ARSIAL), 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Vistocco
- Department of Political Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Navas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-81-2536047
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bifulco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Arshad B, Shabir A, Sagheer M, Arshad U, Yousuf MR, Riaz A. Validation of pregnancy associated glycoproteins-based ELISA kits to determine early pregnancy status in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1267-1276. [PMID: 35780291 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits utilizing whole blood, serum, or milk samples for diagnosis of early pregnancy status in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Dairy buffaloes (n = 174) of mixed parity, 4-6 years of age, having mean (± SD) days in milk 165 ± 87, and body condition score of 3.26 ± 0.34 were randomly enrolled in this study. Buffaloes were exposed to penile deviated bulls with 12h intervals for estrus detection during peak breeding season and eventually bred naturally at their respective standing estrus (day 0). Blood and milk samples were collected on days 24, 28, and 35 post-breeding to run a rapid visual pregnancy test® (RVPT), or ELISA-based assay to detect early pregnancy status. Transrectal B-mode ultrasonography was performed to diagnose pregnancy at day 35 post-breeding and used as a gold standard to validate results of RVPT or ELISA-based tests. The RVPT is a visual readout test and had sensitivity (77.9 vs 89.7 vs 93.3%), specificity (77.9 vs 89.7 vs 93.3%), and accuracy (84.5 vs 90.1 vs 94.2%) at days 24, 28, and 35 post-breeding, respectively. The PAGs were assayed using ELISA kits in serum and had sensitivity (77.9 vs 89.7 vs 93.3%), specificity (84.2 vs 87.7 vs 93.9%), and accuracy (82.1 vs 88.4 vs 93.7%) at days 24, 28, and 35 post-breeding, respectively. Similarly, PAGs were also analyzed using ELISA kits in milk samples and had sensitivity (77.6 vs 89.5 vs 95.0%), specificity (89.1 vs 91.9, vs 93.9%), and accuracy (85.1 vs 91.1 vs 94.3%) at days 24, 28, and 35 post-breeding, respectively. Overall, the Kappa values in this study exceeded 0.85 at day 35 post-breeding using RVPT or ELISA-based test kits in serum or milk samples, indicating a high level of agreement between PAGs detection method and gold standard for pregnancy diagnosis. The pregnancy outcomes based on ELISA-based PAGs detection at day ≥ 28 post-breeding had a high negative predictive value, indicating that the probability of incorrectly administering prostaglandins to pregnant buffaloes would be low if these tests were implemented on a commercial dairy herd. Taken together, it is concluded that PAGs-based determination of pregnancy using RVPT or ELISA either in blood, serum, or milk samples, can be used effectively for pregnancy diagnosis at ≥ 28 days post-breeding with more than 90% accuracy in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Arshad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Shabir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Sagheer
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Usman Arshad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sagheer M, Ullah F, Arshad U, Saleem M, Nawaz M, Sarwar Z, Saad M, Riaz A, Naveed Ul Haque M, Basheer A, Ahmad N. Effect of photoperiodicity and methods of follicular wave emergence on follicle turn-over, recovery and quality of oocytes, and early in-vitro developmental competence of embryos using ovum pick-up in Nili-Ravi buffaloes: Preliminary evidence. Theriogenology 2020; 157:508-516. [PMID: 32916500 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of photoperiodicity, gauge (G) of ovum pick-up (OPU) needle, and two methods of follicular wave emergence on follicular turn-over, oocyte recovery (OR), quality of the oocytes (OQ), and early in-vitro developmental competence of embryos in Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n = 20). In 1st experiment, buffaloes (n = 12; 4 buffaloes/season) were randomly assigned to optimize the OPU's (n) either with 17 G or 18 G needle in one of the following seasons: 1) peak breeding season (PBS; Sep-Nov; n = 31), 2) transition breeding season (TBS; Dec-Feb; n = 32), and 3) low breeding season (LBS; Apr-June; n = 32). During 2nd experiment, buffaloes (n = 8) were enrolled randomly in a 2 × 2 cross-over design to compare the two methods of wave emergence either using follicular ablation (FA; n = 4), or synchronization protocol (CIDR-EB; n = 4) during PBS. In FA method, the ovarian follicles were aspirated (week -1), and subsequently repeated OPU's (n = 55) were performed for 7 weeks. However, in CIDR-EB synchronized buffaloes, a progesterone device (CIDR) was inserted in the anterior vagina and a single dose of estradiol benzoate (2 mg) and prostaglandin (150 μg) were administered i.m. on d 1. The CIDR was removed on d 7 and repeated OPU's (n = 56) were performed. In both experiments, a 7-d resting period was provided between each OPU session. Data on the follicular turn-over, OR, OQ, and early stages of embryonic development were analyzed with mixed models using the PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. Results revealed that the number of medium sized follicles (LSM ± SEM) and rate of OR (%) were greater (P < 0.05) during PBS (2.76 ± 0.40; 61%) and TBS (1.73 ± 0.30; 54%) as compared to LBS (0.68 ± 0.30; 31%) in buffaloes, respectively. The OR rate was also greater (P < 0.05) using 17 G as opposed to 18 G needle (62% vs. 35%), however, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of season and G of needle on OQ in buffaloes. In experiment 2, the number of small (3.50 ± 0.63 vs.2.69 ± 0.60) sized follicles was higher (P < 0.05) in FA, whereas, medium (1.13 ± 0.45 vs. 1.59 ± 0.45) sized follicles were greater (P < 0.05) in CIDR-EB synchronized buffaloes. The OR rate (67% vs. 53%), and OQ (Grade I_+_II; 15% vs. 16% and Grade III_+_IV; 85% vs. 84%), remained similar (P > 0.05) in FA and CIDR-EB treated buffaloes, respectively. Similarly, rates of in-vitro maturation (66% vs. 59%), cleavage (42% vs. 53%), 4-cell (27% vs. 32%), 8-cell staged embryos (23% vs. 25%), and morula (13% vs. 8%) did not differ (P > 0.05) between FA and CIDR-EB methods of follicular wave emergence, respectively. Taken together, it is concluded that peak or transition breeding seasons are suitable to perform OPU using 17 G needle for maximum follicular turn-over, and OR in buffaloes. However, the two fundamental methods of synchronization of wave emergence resulted in similar efficiency for OPU derived in-vitro embryo production in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masroor Sagheer
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Farid Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Arshad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Nawaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zaeem Sarwar
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Ul Haque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Atia Basheer
- Department of Livestock Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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