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Ibtisham F, Cham TC, Fayaz MA, Honaramooz A. Effects of Growth Factors on In Vitro Culture of Neonatal Piglet Testicular Tissue Fragments. Cells 2023; 12:2234. [PMID: 37759457 PMCID: PMC10526381 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro spermatogenesis (IVS) has important applications including fertility preservation of prepubertal cancer patients; however, thus far, IVS has only been achieved using mouse models. To study the effects of growth factors on the maintenance of testicular tissue integrity, germ cell numbers, and potential induction of IVS using a porcine model, we cultured small testicular fragments (~2 mg) from 1-wk-old piglets under six different media conditions (DMEM + 10%KSR alone or supplemented with GDNF, bFGF, SCF, EGF, or a combination of all) for 8 weeks. Overall, tissues supplemented with GDNF and bFGF had the greatest seminiferous tubule integrity and least number of apoptotic cells. GDNF-supplemented tissues had the greatest number of gonocytes per tubule, followed by bFGF-supplemented tissues. There was evidence of gradual Sertoli cell maturation in all groups. Moreover, histological examination and the expression of c-KIT (a marker of differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes) and STRA8 (a marker of the pre/meiotic stage germ cells) confirmed the induction of IVS in all groups. However, GDNF- and bFGF-supplemented tissue cultures had greater numbers of seminiferous tubules with spermatocytes compared to other groups. In conclusion, overall, GDNF and bFGF supplementation better maintained the tissue integrity and gonocyte numbers and induced IVS in cultured testicular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Honaramooz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (F.I.); (T.-C.C.); (M.A.F.)
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Ren F, Xi H, Qiao P, Li Y, Xian M, Zhu D, Hu J. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals male germ cells and Sertoli cells developmental patterns in dairy goats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944325. [PMID: 35938151 PMCID: PMC9355508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis holds considerable promise for human-assisted reproduction and livestock breeding based on stem cells. It occurs in seminiferous tubules within the testis, which mainly comprise male germ cells and Sertoli cells. While the developmental progression of male germ cells and Sertoli cells has been widely reported in mice, much less is known in other large animal species, including dairy goats. In this study, we present the data of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for 25,373 cells from 45 (pre-puberty), 90 (puberty), and 180-day-old (post-puberty) dairy goat testes. We aimed to identify genes that are associated with key developmental events in male germ cells and Sertoli cells. We examined the development of spermatogenic cells and seminiferous tubules from 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 180, and 240-day-old buck goat testes. scRNA-seq clustering analysis of testicular cells from pre-puberty, puberty, and post-puberty goat testes revealed several cell types, including cell populations with characteristics of spermatogonia, early spermatocytes, spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. We mapped the timeline for male germ cells development from spermatogonia to spermatids and identified gene signatures that define spermatogenic cell populations, such as AMH, SOHLH1, INHA, and ACTA2. Importantly, using immunofluorescence staining for different marker proteins (UCHL1, C-KIT, VASA, SOX9, AMH, and PCNA), we explored the proliferative activity and development of male germ cells and Sertoli cells. Moreover, we identified the expression patterns of potential key genes associated with the niche-related key pathways in male germ cells of dairy goats, including testosterone, retinoic acid, PDGF, FGF, and WNT pathways. In summary, our study systematically investigated the elaborate male germ cells and Sertoli cells developmental patterns in dairy goats that have so far remained largely unknown. This information represents a valuable resource for the establishment of goat male reproductive stem cells lines, induction of germ cell differentiation in vitro, and the exploration of sequential cell fate transition for spermatogenesis and testicular development at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huaming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengyun Qiao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming Xian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dawei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhong Hu,
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Xu W, Du X, Li J, Zhang Z, Ma X, Luo D, Xiao M, Sun Q. SiNiSan alleviates liver injury by promoting hepatic stem cell differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153969. [PMID: 35183930 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SiNiSan, a Traditional Chinese Medicine containing Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Radix Glycyrrhizae, has been shown to be clinically effective in treating liver damage, its underlying molecular mechanisms however remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to understand the molecular mechanisms of SiNiSan in the treatment of liver damage utilizing mice and cell culture models. METHODS Here, mice were gavaged with 0.2% CCl4 to obtain acute liver injury model and with alcohol to obtain chronic liver injury model. H&E staining was performed to detect liver histomorphology. HPLC-MS was performed to analyze the composition of SiNiSan decoction and SiNiSan-medicated serum (SMS). In addition, western blots were done to analyze the representative protein expression in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Immunofluorescence staining was done to analyze the protein levels in WB-F344 cells. Finally, in an attempt to measure the influence of SiNiSan on liver regeneration in rats, we constructed a rats partial hepatectomy models. RESULTS We demonstrated that SiNiSan treatment mitigated liver damage in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in serum AST and ALT levels, as well as improved liver tissue morphology. HPLC-MS results showed that SMS contained a variety of components from the SiNiSan decoction. Next, our results showed that SMS reduced the expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and enhanced the expression of albumin (ALB) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in WB-F344 cells. Further, SMS treatment induced the accumulation of β-catenin. After 14 days of SMS treatment, β-catenin protein underwent nuclear translocation and bound to the LEF1 receptor in the nucleus, which regulated c-Myc and Cyclin D1 factors to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promoted differentiation of WB-F344 cells. In addition, we demonstrated that SiNiSan increased liver regeneration in rat hepatectomy. CONCLUSION Collectively, the current study revealed that SiNiSan alleviated the acute liver injury induced by CCl4 as well as the chronic liver damage triggered by alcohol and sucrose in vitro. Concurrently, SMS treatment induced hepatic stem cell differentiation by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo. Further study showed that SiNiSan promoted the regeneration of rats liver. The current study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of liver-related diseases with SiNiSan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Xia Du
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mingzhong Xiao
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 mediates proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of goat adipose-derived stem cells through ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:494-503. [PMID: 35607957 PMCID: PMC9828292 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue formation and moderate fat deposition are important for the production performance and eating quality of livestock meats. The self-renewal and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells are responsible for the formation and development of adipose tissue. In addition, estrogen targeting G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) has been reported to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation during tissue and organ development. However, the potential correlation among estrogen, GPER1, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation in goat adipose-derived stem cells (gADSCs) is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that 17β-estradiol enhances the proliferative ability of gADSCs, indicated by the increased cell number and cell viability, accompanied by up-regulated expressions of cyclin D1 and PCNA. Meanwhile, the adipogenic differentiation is promoted by 17β-estradiol, supported by higher ccumulation of intracellular lipids and increased expressions of PPARγ, ACC, and FABP4. Notably, these activities are all obviously reduced by administration with GPER1 antagonist G15, but GPER1 agonist G1 enhances cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, GPER1 silencing diminishes cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. In parallel, 17β-estradiol elevates the protein level of nuclear p-p65. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p65 is enhanced by G1 but inhibited by G15 and GPER1 silencing. In addition, the phosphorylation of p65 is mediated by ERK1/2, suggesting that estrogen targeting GPER1 regulates cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of gADSCs through the ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway. This study may provide a strong theoretical basis for improving meat quality, flavor, and cold resistance of livestock.
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Galectin-1-Dependent Mitochondria Apoptosis Plays an Essential Role in the Potential Protein Targets of DBDCT-Induced Hepatotoxicity as Revealed by Quantitative Proteomic Analyses. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:5176300. [PMID: 35154294 PMCID: PMC8824758 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5176300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-n-butyl-di-(4-chlorobenzohydroxamato) tin(IV) (DBDCT), a new patent agent, exhibited strong antitumor activity. In some cases, its activity was close to or even higher than cisplatin, a first-line clinical metallic agent. Similar to platinum compounds, it also showed toxicity. However, the effective targets and mechanisms for specific toxicity and biological activity are still unclear. In this study, proteomic analysis revealed that 146 proteins (98 upregulated and 48 downregulated) were differentially identified by label-free LC-MS/MS after DBDCT treatment. Meanwhile, network analysis of these differential proteins suggested that protein Galectin-1 (Gal-1) could regulate the apoptosis process (15 related proteins), which played an essential role in the potential targets of DBDCT-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that DBDCT might promote ROS production, activate NF-κB p65, inhibit Ras and p-ERK1/2 expressions, increase the level of Gal-1, subsequently upregulate the expressions of Bax, p53, Fas, and FasL, and downregulate the expression of Bcl-2. As a result of these modulations, caspase cascades were finally activated, which executed apoptosis in HL7702 liver cells. Correspondingly, NAC (inhibitor of ROS), PDTC (inhibitor of NF-κB), EGF (ERK1/2 activator), and OTX008 (inhibitor of Gal-1) were found to reverse and abolish the DBDCT-associated cytotoxicity partially. In conclusion, Gal-1 might be the potential target for toxicity and biological activity. Moreover, the present study will lay the groundwork for future research about di-n-butyl-di-(4-chlorobenzohydroxamato) tin structure optimization and developing it into a new potential anticancer agent.
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Nakami W, Kipyegon AN, Nguhiu-Mwangi J, Tiambo C, Kemp S. Culture of spermatogonial stem cells and use of surrogate sires as a breeding technology to propagate superior genetics in livestock production: A systematic review. Vet World 2021; 14:3235-3248. [PMID: 35153418 PMCID: PMC8829400 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3235-3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have previously been isolated from animals’ testes, cultured in vitro, and successfully transplanted into compatible recipients. The SSC unique characteristic has potential for exploitation as a reproductive tool and this can be achieved through SSC intratesticular transplantation to surrogate sires. Here, we aimed at comprehensively analyzing published data on in vitro maintenance of SSC isolated from the testes of livestock animals and their applications. Materials and Methods: The literature search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Data screening was conducted using Rayyan Intelligent Systematic Review software (https://www.rayyan.ai/). Duplicate papers were excluded from the study. Abstracts were read and relevant full papers were reviewed for data extraction. Results: From a total of 4786 full papers screened, data were extracted from 93 relevant papers. Of these, eight papers reported on long-term culture conditions (>1 month) for SSC in different livestock species, 22 papers on short-term cultures (5-15 days), 10 papers on transfection protocols, 18 papers on transplantation using different methods of preparation of livestock recipients, and five papers on donor-derived spermatogenesis. Conclusion: Optimization of SSC long-term culture systems has renewed the possibilities of utilization of these cells in gene-editing technologies to develop transgenic animals. Further, the development of genetically deficient recipients in the endogenous germline layer lends to a future possibility for the utilization of germ cell transplantation in livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilkister Nakami
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, 29053-00625 Nairobi, Kenya; Livestock Genetics Program International Livestock Research Institute, 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH)-ILRI, 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ambrose Ng'eno Kipyegon
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, 29053-00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nguhiu-Mwangi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, 29053-00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christian Tiambo
- Livestock Genetics Program International Livestock Research Institute, 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH)-ILRI, 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen Kemp
- Livestock Genetics Program International Livestock Research Institute, 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH)-ILRI, 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Huang S, Tan Z, Cai J, Wang Z, Tian Y. Myrtenol improves brain damage and promotes angiogenesis in rats with cerebral infarction by activating the ERK1/2 signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:584-593. [PMID: 34010584 PMCID: PMC8143630 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1917626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has a high disability and fatality worldwide. Myrtenol has protective effects on myocardial I/R injury through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of myrtenol on cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cerebral I/R injury was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. MCAO rats were treated with or without myrtenol (10, 30, or 50 mg/kg/day) or/and U0126 (10 μL) intraperitoneally for 7 days. RESULTS In the present study, myrtenol had no toxicity at concentrations up to 1.3 g/kg. Myrtenol treatment improved neurological function of MCAO rats, with significantly (p < 0.05) improved neurological deficits (4.31 ± 1.29 vs. 0.00) and reduced brain edoema (78.95 ± 2.27% vs. 85.48 ± 1.24%). Myrtenol extenuated brain tissue injury and neuronal apoptosis, with increased Bcl-2 expression (0.48-fold) and decreased Bax expression (2.02-fold) and caspase-3 activity (1.36-fold). Myrtenol promoted angiogenesis in the brain tissues of MCAO rats, which was reflected by increased VEGF (0.86-fold) and FGF2 (0.51-fold). Myrtenol promoted the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 (0.80-fold) and ERK1/2 (0.97-fold) in MCAO rats. U0126, the inhibitor of ERK1/2 pathway, reversed the protective effects of myrtenol on brain tissue damage and angiogenesis in MCAO rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Myrtenol reduced brain damage and angiogenesis through activating the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, which may provide a novel alternative strategy for preventing cerebral I/R injury. Further in vitro work detailing its mechanism-of-action for improving ischaemic cerebral infarction is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
| | - Zhanguo Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
| | - Jirui Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
- Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- CONTACT Yuejun Tian Department of Neurology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City462000, China; Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730030, China
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Ren F, Xi H, Ren Y, Li Y, Wen F, Xian M, Zhao M, Zhu D, Wang L, Lei A, Hu J. TLR7/8 signalling affects X-sperm motility via the GSK3 α/β-hexokinase pathway for the efficient production of sexed dairy goat embryos. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:89. [PMID: 34340711 PMCID: PMC8330071 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Goat milk is very similar to human milk in terms of its abundant nutrients and ease of digestion. To derive greater economic benefit, farmers require more female offspring (does); however, the buck-to-doe offspring sex ratio is approximately 50%. At present, artificial insemination after the separation of X/Y sperm using flow cytometry is the primary means of controlling the sex of livestock offspring. However, flow cytometry has not been successfully utilised for the separation of X/Y sperm aimed at sexing control in dairy goats. Results In this study, a novel, simple goat sperm sexing technology that activates the toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8), thereby inhibiting X-sperm motility, was investigated. Our results showed that the TLR7/8 coding goat X-chromosome was expressed in approximately 50% of round spermatids in the testis and sperm, as measured from cross-sections of the epididymis and ejaculate, respectively. Importantly, TLR7/8 was located at the tail of the X-sperm. Upon TLR7/8 activation, phosphorylated forms of glycogen synthase kinase α/β (GSK3 α/β) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were detected in the X-sperm, causing reduced mitochondrial activity, ATP levels, and sperm motility. High-motility Y-sperm segregated to the upper layer and the low-motility X-sperm, to the lower layer. Following in vitro fertilisation using the TLR7/8-activated sperm from the lower layer, 80.52 ± 6.75% of the embryos were XX females. The TLR7/8-activated sperm were subsequently used for in vivo embryo production via the superovulatory response; nine embryos were collected from the uterus of two does that conceived. Eight of these were XX embryos, and one was an XY embryo. Conclusions Our study reveals a novel TLR7/8 signalling mechanism that affects X-sperm motility via the GSK3 α/β-hexokinase pathway; this technique could be used to facilitate the efficient production of sexed dairy goat embryos. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00613-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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