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Arab HH, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, Gad AM, Elhemiely AA, Gadelmawla MHA, Mahmoud MA, Khames A. Targeting JAK2/STAT3, NLRP3/Caspase-1, and PK2/PKR2 Pathways with Arbutin Ameliorates Lead Acetate-Induced Testicular Injury in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:909. [PMID: 39065759 PMCID: PMC11279748 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The reproductive system of males is adversely impacted by lead (Pb), a toxic heavy metal. The present study examined arbutin, a promising hydroquinone glycoside, for its potential ameliorative impact against Pb-induced testicular impairment in rats. The testicular injury was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of Pb acetate (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 consecutive days. Thirty-six rats were divided into six experimental groups (n = 6 per group): control, control treated with oral arbutin (250 mg/kg), control treated with intraperitoneal arbutin (75 mg/kg), untreated Pb, Pb treated with oral arbutin, and Pb treated with intraperitoneal arbutin. The treatments were administered daily for 10 days. Arbutin was administered by the oral and intraperitoneal routes to compare the efficacy of both routes in mitigating Pb acetate-induced testicular dysfunction. The current data revealed that both oral and intraperitoneal administration of arbutin significantly enhanced serum testosterone and sperm count/motility, indicating the amelioration of testicular dysfunction. In tandem, both routes lowered testicular histopathological aberrations and Johnsen's damage scores. These favorable outcomes were driven by dampening testicular oxidative stress, evidenced by lowered lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione and catalase antioxidants. Moreover, arbutin lowered testicular p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 levels, confirming the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pro-inflammatory pathway. In tandem, arbutin suppressed the testicular NLRP3/caspase-1/NF-B axis and augmented the cytoprotective PK2/PKR2 pathway. Notably, intraperitoneal arbutin at a lower dose prompted a more pronounced mitigation of Pb-induced testicular dysfunction compared to oral administration. In conclusion, arbutin ameliorates Pb-evoked testicular damage by stimulating testicular antioxidants and the PK2/PKR2 pathway and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 and NLRP3/caspase-1 pro-inflammatory pathways. Hence, arbutin may be used as an adjunct agent for mitigating Pb-induced testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Alzahraa A. Elhemiely
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. A. Gadelmawla
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
| | - Ali Khames
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
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Yildirim S, Sengul E, Aksu EH, Cinar İ, Gelen V, Tekin S, Dag Y. Selenium reduces acrylamide-induced testicular toxicity in rats by regulating HSD17B1, StAR, and CYP17A1 expression, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1402-1414. [PMID: 37987225 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Selenium (Se) on testis toxicity induced by Acrylamide (ACR) in rats. In our study, 50 male adult rats were used, and the rats were divided into five groups; control, ACR, Se0.5 + ACR, Se1 + ACR, and Se1. Se and ACR treatments were applied for 10 days. On the 11th day of the experimental study, intracardiac blood samples from the rats were taken under anesthesia and euthanized. Sperm motility and morphology were evaluated. Dihydrotestosterone, FSH, and LH levels in sera were analyzed with commercial ELISA kits. MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels and SOD, GPx, and CAT, activities were measured to detect the level of oxidative stress and inflammation in rat testis tissues. Expression analysis of HSD17B1, StAR, CYP17A1, MAPk14, and P-53 as target mRNA levels were performed with Real Time-PCR System technology for each cDNA sample synthesized from rat testis RNA. Testicular tissues were evaluated by histopathological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescent examinations. Serum dihydrotestosterone and FSH levels decreased significantly in the ACR group compared to the control group, while LH levels increased and a high dose of Se prevented these changes caused by ACR. A high dose of Se prevented these changes caused by ACR. ACR-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, changes in the expression of reproductive enzymes, some changes in sperm motility and morphology, DNA, and tissue damage, and Se administration prevented these pathologies caused by ACR. As a result of this study, it was determined that Se prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage in testicular toxicity induced by ACR in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emin Sengul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emrah Hicazi Aksu
- Department of Andrology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - İrfan Cinar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Volkan Gelen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Samet Tekin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Dag
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Chen D, Yu W, Hao Z, Qiu M, Cui J, Tang Y, Teng X, Liu Y, Liu H. Molecular mechanism of selenium against lead-induced apoptosis in chicken brainstem relating to heat shock protein, selenoproteins, and inflammatory cytokines. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116028. [PMID: 38310824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Extensive application of lead (Pb) brought about environmental pollution and toxic reactions of organisms. Selenium (Se) has the effect of antagonizing Pb poisoning in humans and animals. However, it is still unclear how Pb causes brainstem toxicity. In the present study, we wanted to investigate whether Se can alleviate Pb toxicity in chicken brainstems by reducing apoptosis. One hundred and eighty chickens were randomly divided into four groups, namely the control group, the Se group, the Pb group, and the Se/Pb group. Morphological examination, ultrastructural observation, relative mRNA expressions of genes on heat shock proteins (HSPs); selenoproteins; inflammatory cytokines; and apoptosis-related factors were investigated. The results showed that Pb exposure led to tissue damage and apoptosis in chicken brainstems. Furthermore, an atypical expression of HSPs (HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90); selenoprotein family glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 1, GPx2, GPx3, and GPx4), thioredoxin reductases (Txnrd) (Txnrd1, Txnrd2, and Txnrd3), dio selenoprotein famliy (diodothyronine deiodinases (Dio)1, Dio2, and Dio3), as well as other selenoproteins (selenoprotein (Sel)T, SelK, SelS, SelH, SelM, SelU, SelI, SelO, Selpb, selenoprotein n1 (Sepn1), Sepp1, Sepx1, Sepw1, 15-kDa selenoprotein (Sep15), and selenophosphate synthetases 2 (SPS2)); inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-12β, IL-17, and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)); and apoptosis-related genes (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), tumor protein 53 (p53), Bcl-2 Associated X (Bax), Cytochrome c (Cyt c), and Caspase-3) were identified. An inflammatory reaction and apoptosis were induced in chicken brainstems after exposure to Pb. Se alleviated the abnormal expression of HSPs, selenoproteins, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis in brainstem tissues of chickens treated with Pb. The results indicated that HSPs, selenoproteins, inflammatory, and apoptosis were involved in Se-resisted Pb poisoning. Overall, Se had resistance effect against Pb poisoning, and can be act as an antidote for Pb poisoning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine at Southwest Minzu University of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weikang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Minna Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - You Tang
- Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Minas A, Costa LVS, Miyazaki MA, Antoniassi MP. Insight toward inflammasome complex contribution to male infertility. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13734. [PMID: 37491934 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a wide range of factors involved in the physiopathology of male infertility disease have been discussed. The inflammation role in some of the main infertility-related diseases has been studied, such as varicocele, spinal cord injury and obesity. Inflammation is the main response of the immune system to infection or cell damage, leading to intense inflammatory cytokine release during the loss of homeostasis. One of the first steps toward pro-inflammatory cytokines release is the recognition of dangerous signals by the immune cells, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules can activate an important multiprotein complex, called inflammasome. Although these complexes have been studied during the last decades, their participation in male infertility has gained attention recently. Considering the inflammasome complex's high potential to be targeted for drug therapy, this review tries to shed light on current literature. Therefore, in the current review paper, we aimed to discuss the inflammasome complex activation, involvement in different male infertility conditions, and localization in the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Minas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vasconcelos Soares Costa
- Laboratory of Ontogeny of Lymphocytes, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mika Alexia Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira Antoniassi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Qiu T, Shi JX, Cheng C, Jiang H, Ruan HN, Li J, Liu CM. Hepatoprotective effect of avicularin on lead-induced steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mice associated with the MAPK/HSP60/NLRP3 and SREBP1c pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:417-424. [PMID: 37397929 PMCID: PMC10311149 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb), an environmental hazard, causes severe diseases in the liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, hematopoietic system, reproductive system, and nervous system. Avicularin (AVI), the main dietary flavonoid found in many citrus fruits, exhibited potential protective properties on organs. However, the molecular mechanisms of these protective actions are currently not clear. In our study, the effects of AVI on Pb-induced hepatotoxicity were evaluated using ICR mice. Changes in oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and related signaling were evaluated. We found for the first time that treatment with AVI significantly reduced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by Pb. AVI attenuated Pb-induced liver dysfunction and lipid metabolism disorder in mice. AVI decreased the serum biochemical indicators of lipid metabolism. AVI decreased the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related protein SREBP-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and FAS. AVI suppressed Pb-induced inflammation in livers, as indicated by decreasing the TNF-α and IL-1β levels. AVI suppressed oxidative stress by increasing the activation of SOD, CAT, and GPx. Furthermore, AVI inhibited the activities of JNK, ERK, p38, and NF-κB. AVI further decreased the levels of HSP60, NLRP3, p-IκBα, and p-p65 in the livers of mice. Collectively, this study indicated that AVI mitigated Pb-induced hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by regulating the SREBP-1c and MAPK/HSP60/NLRP3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qiu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 21-1116, PR China
| | - Jia-Xue Shi
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 21-1116, PR China
| | - Chao Cheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 21-1116, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 21-1116, PR China
| | - Hai-Nan Ruan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 21-1116, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 21-1116, PR China
| | - Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province 21-1116, PR China
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Wang M, Wang Y, Wang S, Hou L, Cui Z, Li Q, Huang H. Selenium alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and programmed necrosis in chicken testes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160601. [PMID: 36528095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal pollutant, and one of the important target organs of its toxicity is the testis. Selenium (Se) has the ability to antagonize the toxicity of Cd. However, the mechanism of the alleviating effects of Se on Cd in chicken testis injury through oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and programmed necrosis remained unclear. To explore this, 80 7-day-old chickens were divided into the Control group, the Se group (1.00 mg/kg Se), the Cd group (150.00 mg/kg Cd), and the CdSe group. On the 30th and 60th days, serum and chicken testis tissue samples were collected for testing. The results showed that Cd exposure resulted in swelling and deformation of seminiferous tubules, and thinning of the seminiferous epithelium. The ROS and MDA increased, and the SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px decreased. The expression of GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, and JNK in the Cd group increased. The expression of TNF-α, TNFR1, RIP1, RIP3, MLKL, and PARP1 increased, while the expression of Caspase-8 decreased. Histopathological changes, oxidative stress, ERS, and programmed necrosis were improved after CdSe treatment. In conclusion, Se antagonized the toxicity of Cd, and Se could alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress, ERS, and programmed necrosis in chicken testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Size Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu J, Zhou F, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Li Y, Huang D, Chen L, Liu A, Zou F, Meng X. NLRP3 activation in microglia contributes to learning and memory impairment induced by chronic lead exposure in mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:179-191. [PMID: 36308466 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb)-induced microglial activation and neuroinflammation has been considered as one of the main pathological events of Pb neurotoxicity. The NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway is a major contributor to the neuroinflammatory process in the central nervous system. However, the relationship between chronic Pb exposure and neurogenic NLRP3 inflammasome is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the chronic Pb exposure using in vitro and in vivo models. Our results showed that chronic Pb exposure induce learning and memory impairment in mice, mainly related to the activation of microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome. This phenomenon was reversed in mice by treating with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and using NLRP3-/- mice. In addition, Pb caused the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, the production of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload in BV2 cells. Amelioration of mtROS abolished Pb-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, after regulation of Ca2+ redistribution, mtROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was restored. In conclusion, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia plays a vital role in Pb neurotoxicity, by a novel mechanism of enhancing mtROS production and Ca2+ redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunting Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Dingbang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lixuan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Anfei Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Miao Z, Miao Z, Teng X, Xu S. Melatonin alleviates lead-induced intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis in the common carps (Cyprinus carpio) via miR-17-5p/TXNIP axis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:127-136. [PMID: 36202203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) has been concerned as one of the most severe hazardous contaminants, because it can cause pyroptosis in multiple tissues of mammals and birds. Melatonin (Mel) has attracted much interest for its role in governing intestinal injury via microRNAs (miRNAs). To explore the effect of Mel on Pb exposure-induced intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis in common carps by regulating miR-17-5p/TXNIP axis, the Pb exposure and Pb-Mel treated models were constructed in vivo. The results elucidated that the suppressed expression of miR-17-5p and intensified level of TXNIP were primarily detected in Pb-exposed gut tissues, and both abolished with Mel addition, along with downregulated Pb-mediated elevated expression of NLRP3, CASP1, IL1β and GSDMD. Additionally, the targeting relationship between miR-17-5p and TXNIP were demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assay, and on this basis, miR-17-5p NC, mimic and inhibitor cell models were established. Thereby, Thereby, the expression of TXNIP in the miR-17-5p mimic groups was significant lower in the Pb-exposure but still elevated than the Control group, and the expression of NLRP3 and NLRP3-dependent pyrotposis-related genes performed consistent alterations. Noticeably, the expression of TXNIP suppressed with Mel addition even in the miR-17-5p inhibitor cell model, resulting in the inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis. Overall, we draw the conclusion as Mel attenuates Pb-induced intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis via miR-17-5p/TXNIP axis. The present study provides a novel perspective for toxicological mechanism of Pb, and new insights for the detoxification mechanism of Mel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Miao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiruo Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Yang X, Liu P, Cui Y, Song M, Zhang X, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Li Y. T-2 Toxin Caused Mice Testicular Inflammation Injury via ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14043-14051. [PMID: 36260425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin treatment causes male reproduction system dysfunction, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this research, male Kunming mice and TM4 cells were treated with varying concentrations of the T-2 toxin for evaluating the adverse effect of T-2 toxin on male reproductive function. MCC950 or NAC was used to block NLRP3 inflammasome activation and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the TM4 cell, respectively. The results showed that: (1) T-2 toxin caused testicular atrophy, destroyed the microstructure and ultrastructure of the testis, and caused sperm deformities; (2) T-2 toxin increased the content and gene expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased the IL-10 content and gene expression, causing testis and TM4 cell inflammatory injury; (3) T-2 toxin activated NLRP3 inflammasome in the testis and TM4 cells and caused ROS accumulation in the testis; (4) suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation using 20 nM MCC950 alleviated the TM4 cell inflammatory damage caused via the T-2 toxin; nevertheless, 20 nM MCC950 did not reduce ROS accumulation in TM4 cells; and (5) NAC relieved the inflammatory damage in TM4 cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, T-2 toxin caused testicular inflammation injury through ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in male reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yibao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Yin J, Cheng Z, Xu Z, Zhi L, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Pan P, Sun W, Yu T, Liu T. Contribution of prgH gene for Salmonella Pullorum to virulence and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in chickens. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105744. [PMID: 36049651 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) is associated with invasion of host cells by Salmonella, PrgH encoded by prgH gene is an important component of T3SS1. This study aimed to explore the contribution of prgH gene for Salmonella Pullorum to virulence and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in chickens. A prgH gene deletion mutant (C79-13ΔprgH) was firstly generated, and the result of LD50 showed that deletion of prgH significantly decreased the virulence of Salmonella Pullorum in one-day-old HY-line white chickens, and the colonization also decreased in chickens after loss of prgH. Next, the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β were detected in acute infection model of chickens by qRT-PCR and/or ELISA, respectively, and the results showed that the mutant strain C79-13ΔprgH reduced the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β in chickens compared to the group infected with the wild type strain C79-13. Taken together, all of these findings indicated that prgH promotes the virulence and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β for Salmonella Pullorum in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Yin
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhi
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yige Zhang
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinzhong Yuan
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengtao Pan
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
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11
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Cui M, Fang Z, Song M, Zhou T, Wang Y, Liu K. Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for synergistic treatment of ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:22-32. [PMID: 35932810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nano-drug delivery systems (PRP2-SeNPs-H/Aza-Lips) for synergistically alleviating ulcerative colitis and to investigate the important roles of Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nanocarriers in PRP2-SeNPs-H/Aza-Lips. Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide (PRP2) was isolated and used for the preparation of Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide selenium nanoparticles with low selenium content (PRP2-SeNPs-L) and high selenium content (PRP2-SeNPs-H). Based on the electrostatic attraction between PRP2-SeNPs-H and azathioprine liposomes (Aza-Lips), PRP2-SeNPs-H/Aza-Lips were constructed for precise delivery of the model drug azathioprine (Aza) to colon lesions. Results showed that PRP2 significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms and colon tissue damage and down-regulated the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and colon, demonstrating beneficial effects on mice with ulcerative colitis. PRP2-SeNPs-L had better relieving effects on ulcerative colitis. Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nanocarriers may protect azathioprine liposomes against gastrointestinal digestion, enhance the therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis, and significantly reduce liver damage from azathioprine, which helps to improve the efficacy and toxicity of clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Cui
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Taidi Zhou
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Canter for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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12
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Trejo MJ, Batai K, Chen Y, Brezina S, Chow HHS, Ellis N, Lance P, Hsu CH, Pogreba-Brown K, Bishop M, Gsur A, Jacobs ET. Genome-Wide Association Study of Metachronous Colorectal Adenoma Risk among Participants in the Selenium Trial. Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:143-153. [PMID: 35815403 PMCID: PMC10120393 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2096910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants related to colorectal adenoma may help identify those who are at highest risk of colorectal cancer development or illuminate potential chemopreventive strategies. The purpose of this genome-wide association study was to identify genetic variants that are associated with risk of developing a metachronous colorectal adenoma among 1,215 study participants of European descent from the Selenium Trial. Associations of variants were assessed with logistic regression analyses and validated in an independent case-control study population of 1,491 participants from the Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA). No statistically significant genome-wide associations between any variant and metachronous adenoma were identified after correction for multiple comparisons. However, an intron variant of FAT3 gene, rs61901554, showed a suggestive association (P = 1.10 × 10-6) and was associated with advanced adenomas in CORSA (P = 0.04). Two intronic variants, rs12728998 and rs6699944 in NLRP3 were also observed to have suggestive associations with metachronous lesions (P = 2.00 × 10-6) in the Selenium Trial and were associated with advanced adenoma in CORSA (P = 0.03). Our results provide new areas of investigation for the genetic basis of the development of metachronous colorectal adenoma and support a role for FAT3 involvement in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway leading to colorectal neoplasia.Trial Registration number: NCT00078897 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jesus Trejo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H-H Sherry Chow
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Peter Lance
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maria Bishop
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth T Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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13
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Chen Y, Wu W, Zhou H, Liu X, Li S, Guo Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Yuan J. Selenium Nanoparticles Improved Intestinal Health Through Modulation of the NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front Nutr 2022; 9:907386. [PMID: 35911113 PMCID: PMC9331919 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.907386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) play important roles in promoting animal health, however, their impact on intestinal health remains elusive. This study was intended to evaluate the effects of different doses of SeNPs on the intestinal health, especially the development of goblet cells in the broiler jejunum. A total of 480 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 5 treatments with 6 replications of 16 chicks each. Birds were fed with low selenium corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 mg/kg of SeNPs. On d 21, dietary supplementation of SeNPs effectively reduced the mortality of broilers. The villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio of the jejunum showed significant quadratic effects with the increasing concentration of SeNPs (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, claudin-3, and claudin-5 in the jejunum decreased linearly with the increasing dose of SeNPs (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the jejunum decreased linearly with the increase of SeNPs concentration (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of goblet cells in the jejunum was significantly increased by adding 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg SeNPs(P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression of Mucin2 (Muc2) showed a significant quadratic relationship that increased after adding 0.1 mg/kg SeNPs (P < 0.05). Dietary SeNPs also linearly reduced the expression of v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-myc) (P < 0.05). The mean density of TUNEL positive cells in the 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg SeNPs groups were lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1), toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in the jejunum decreased linearly with the increase of SeNPs concentration (P < 0.05). Results show that supplementation with 0.2 mg/kg SeNPs may decrease intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation by modifying the activation of NLRP3 signaling pathway, which can effectively promote intestinal goblet cells of 21-day-old broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huajin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Beijing Wahmix Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Tangshan, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Wang
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Jianmin Yuan
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14
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Roshanravan N, Koche Ghazi MK, Ghaffari S, Naemi M, Alamdari NM, Shabestari AN, Mosharkesh E, Soleimanzadeh H, Sadeghi MT, Alipour S, Bastani S, Tarighat-Esfanjani A. Sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast supplementation in atherosclerotic patients: Effects on the expression of pyroptosis-related genes and oxidative stress status. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1528-1537. [PMID: 35365371 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the arterial wall is the main leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD). Caspase-dependent pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Selenium (Se) is an important component of the antioxidant defense and plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of daily consumption of sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast on the expression of pyroptosis-related genes, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients with atherosclerosis were recruited. Participants received 200 μg/day of sodium selenite, Se-enriched yeast, or placebo for 8 following weeks. The pyroptosis-related genes' mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed before and after the intervention. Also, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione peroxidases (GPX) were measured at baseline and following the intervention. Following sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast supplementation, the relative expression levels of TLR4, ASC, NLRP3, and NF-κB1 were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes in GPX were significantly increased after selenite and yeast supplementation (p < 0.05). Also, selenite and yeast consumption caused a statistically significant decrease in the change of MDA level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In summary, these findings showed that Se supplementation may reduce inflammation through down-regulation of some pro-inflammatory genes, improving antioxidant defenses in atherosclerosis patients. Further research is required to come to a definite conclusion of selenium supplementation on the CVD risk. This study was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (identifier: RCT20110123005670N28; https://www.irct.ir/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Khabbaz Koche Ghazi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naemi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Namazi Shabestari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Mosharkesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Soleimanzadeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahriar Alipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bastani
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Chen XW, Chu JH, Li LX, Gao PC, Wang ZY, Fan RF. Protective mechanism of selenium on mercuric chloride-induced testis injury in chicken via p38 MAPK/ATF2/iNOS signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2022; 187:188-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Hsueh YM, Chen WJ, Lin YC, Huang YL, Shiue HS, Lin YF, Hsieh RL, Chen HH. Combined effects of nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 polymorphisms and environmental metals exposure on chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6307. [PMID: 35428826 PMCID: PMC9012248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a vital role in the inflammation process and is associated with the regulatory effects of NLRP3 gene polymorphisms. This study evaluated the association between NLRP3 gene polymorphisms and CKD, and further explored whether the association of environmental metals with CKD varied by the NLRP3 genotypes. A total of 218 CKD patients and 427 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited in this clinic-based case-control study. Patients were identified as having CKD if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and stage 3-5 for at least 3 months. We examined the genotypes of fifteen common ssingle-nucleotide polymorphisms in NLRP3 genes. Concentrations of total urinary arsenic were examined by summing of urinary inorganic arsenic species. Concentrations of selenium, cadmium, and lead were measured from blood samples. Associations between NLRP3 polymorphisms, environmental metals exposure, and CKD were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression while controlling for confounders. We observed that the odds of carrying NLRP3 rs4925650 GA/AA genotypes, NLRP3 rs1539019 CA/AA genotypes, and NLRP3 rs10157379 CT/TT genotypes were significantly higher among CKD cases compared to controls, with the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) were 1.54 (1.01-2.36), 1.56 (1.04-2.33), and 1.59 (1.05-2.38), respectively. The significant multiplicative interactions were identified between high levels of blood lead and NLRP3 rs4925650 GA/AA genotypes; high levels of blood cadmium or low levels of plasma selenium and the NLRP3 haplotype (rs4925648, rs4925650, rs12048215, and rs10754555) C-A-A-C multiplicatively interacted to increase the risk of CKD. Our results imply that NLRP3 polymorphisms may play an important role in the development of environmental metals exposure related CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Lan Hsieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Gu X, Wang Y, He Y, Zhao B, Zhang Q, Li S. MiR-1656 targets GPX4 to trigger pyroptosis in broilers kidney tissues by activating NLRP3 inflammasome under Se deficiency. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:109001. [PMID: 35346830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a vital minor element for the organism. Se deficiency caused inflammation in kidney tissue and regulate the expression of selenoproteins and microRNAs (miRNAs). Pyroptosis involved in the inflammatory response, however, whether microRNA targets GPX4 to regulate Se-deficient kidney tissue pyroptosis is unclear. In this study, broilers were divided into two groups, Control group with 0.3mg/kg Se diet and Se-deficient group with 0.03mg/kg Se diet. The dual luciferase reporter assay system and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to screen the specificity of miR-1656 and its target protein in Se-deficient broilers. We tested the pyroptosis-related genes of Se-deficient broilers kidney and miR-1656-transfected primary broilers kidney by qRT-PCR, Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. Our research indicated that the GPX4 is one of the target genes of miR-1656, and Se deficiency leaded to the overexpression of miR-1656 and the increased expression of pyroptosis-related genes. The overexpression of miR-1656 can induce increased expression of pyroptosis-related genes including NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β by inhibiting the release of GPX4. This study showed that miR-1656 could increase the release of ROS by targeting GPX4, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and release the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 to trigger pyroptosis in the kidney tissue of Se-deficient broilers. This finding may provide new research ideas for kidney injury and cell death due to Se deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedie Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
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18
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Wang S, Hou L, Wang M, Feng R, Lin X, Pan S, Zhao Q, Huang H. Selenium-Alleviated Testicular Toxicity by Modulating Inflammation, Heat Shock Response, and Autophagy Under Oxidative Stress in Lead-Treated Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4700-4712. [PMID: 33452669 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a toxic pollutant, is toxic to the testis. However, biological events during testicular Pb poisoning were not well understood. Selenium (Se) has the ability to antagonize Pb toxicity. The purpose of this research was to clarify the relief mechanism of Se on testicular toxicity of Pb from the perspective of oxidative stress, inflammation, heat shock response, and autophagy in a chicken model. Sixty male Hyline chickens (7-day-old) were randomly assigned into four groups. The feeding program consisted of a commercial diet, a Se-supplemented diet (1 mg kg-1 Se), a Pb-supplemented diet (350 mg L-1 Pb), and a Se- and Pb-supplemented diet, respectively. On the 12th week, serums were collected to measure testosterone level and testes were removed to determine testis weight, histological structure, Pb and Se concentrations, oxidative stress indicators, and mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines, heat shock proteins, and autophagy-related genes. The results showed that Pb poisoning changed the histological structure of testes; decreased serum testosterone level, testis weight, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, and total antioxidative capacity activities; increased hydrogen peroxide content; inhibited interleukin (IL)-2 and mammalian target of rapamycin expression; and promoted IL-4, IL-12β, heat shock proteins, Beclin 1, Dynein, autophagy-related proteins 5, light chain 3 (LC3)-I, and LC3-II expression in the testes of chickens. Se intervention mitigated the aforementioned alterations induced by Pb. In conclusion, Pb led to oxidative stress, which triggered inflammation, heat shock response, and autophagy. Se administration mitigated testicular toxicity of Pb mainly by mitigating oxidative stress in male chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Size Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Ren Z, Okyere SK, Wen J, Xie L, Cui Y, Wang S, Wang J, Cao S, Shen L, Ma X, Yu S, Deng J, Hu Y. An Overview: The Toxicity of Ageratina adenophora on Animals and Its Possible Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11581. [PMID: 34769012 PMCID: PMC8584174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageratina adenophora is one of the major invasive weeds that causes instability of the ecosystem. Research has reported that A. adenophora produces allelochemicals that inhibit the growth and development of food crops, and also contain some toxic compounds that cause toxicity to animals that consume it. Over the past decades, studies on the identification of major toxic compounds of A. adenophora and their toxic molecular mechanisms have been reported. In addition, weed control interventions, such as herbicides application, was employed to reduce the spread of A. adenophora. However, the development of therapeutic and prophylactic measures to treat the various A. adenophora-induced toxicities, such as hepatotoxicity, splenotoxicity and other related disorders, have not been established to date. The main toxic pathogenesis of A. adenophora is oxidative stress and inflammation. However, numerous studies have verified that some extracts and secondary metabolites isolated from A. adenophora possess anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation activities, which implies that these extracts can relieve toxicity and aid in the development of drug or feed supplements to treat poisoning-related disorders caused by A. adenophora. Furthermore, beneficial bacteria isolated from rumen microbes and A. adenophora can degrade major toxic compounds in A. adenophora so as to be developed into microbial feed additives to help ameliorate toxicity mediated by A. adenophora. This review presents an overview of the toxic mechanisms of A. adenophora, provides possible therapeutic strategies that are available to mitigate the toxicity of A. adenophora and introduces relevant information on identifying novel prophylactic and therapeutic measures against A. adenophora-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.R.); (S.K.O.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (S.Y.); (J.D.)
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20
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Hao Y, Xing M, Gu X. Research Progress on Oxidative Stress and Its Nutritional Regulation Strategies in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1384. [PMID: 34068057 PMCID: PMC8152462 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the dramatic increase in the production of free radicals in human and animal bodies or the decrease in the ability to scavenging free radicals, thus breaking the antioxidation-oxidation balance. Various factors can induce oxidative stress in pig production. Oxidative stress has an important effect on pig performance and healthy growth, and has become one of the important factors restricting pig production. Based on the overview of the generation of oxidative stress, its effects on pigs, and signal transduction pathways, this paper discussed the nutritional measures to alleviate oxidative stress in pigs, in order to provide ideas for the nutritional research of anti-oxidative stress in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (M.X.)
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21
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Huang H, Chen J, Sun Q, Liu Y, Tang Y, Teng X. NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the mechanism of mitigative effect of selenium on lead-induced inflammatory damage in chicken kidneys. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10898-10908. [PMID: 33105012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a kind of widespread toxic environmental pollutant which can cause harm to organisms. Selenium (Se) has the property of mitigating Pb toxicity through decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation caused by Pb. Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin-domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome involve in inflammation process. However, the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome in heavy metal-caused animal damage remains unknown. This research aimed to explore the mechanism of mitigative role of Se on Pb-caused renal inflammatory injury in chickens. One-week-old male chickens were provided a standard diet and drinking water, a standard diet added with 1 mg kg-1 of Se and drinking water, a standard diet and drinking water added with 350 mg L-1 Pb, and a standard diet added with 1 mg kg-1 Se and drinking water added with 350 mg L-1 Pb. On the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks, serum was used to measure creatinine (CREA) and uric acid (UA) contents, and kidneys were used to measure Se and Pb concentrations, histological structure, oxidative stress indicators, relative expressions of cytokines, and inflammatory factors. The results showed that Pb accumulated, Se concentration decreased, CREA and UA contents increased, and renal injury occurred in Pb-treated chicken kidneys. Excess Pb increased MDA content and the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α, and PTGEs and decreased GSH content, GPx and SOD activities, and IFN-γ expression in the chicken kidneys. Se administration alleviated the aforementioned changes. In addition, toxic effect of Pb on the chicken kidneys was time-dependent. NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, and IL-1β may be sensitive indicators in Pb-induced chicken kidney inflammatory damage. In conclusion, NLRP3 inflammasome took part in antagonistic role of Se against Pb-caused inflammation via changing oxidative stress indicators, cytokines, and inflammation-related genes in the chicken kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - You Tang
- Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Huang H, Wang M, Hou L, Lin X, Pan S, Zheng P, Zhao Q. A potential mechanism associated with lead-induced spermatogonia and Leydig cell toxicity and mitigative effect of selenium in chicken. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111671. [PMID: 33360290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal pollutants and can damage male reproductive function. Selenium (Se) possesses an ability of antagonizing Pb toxicity. However, biological events in the process of Pb toxicity and mitigative effect of Se are not well understood. The aim of present research was to investigate potential mechanism of Se against Pb toxicity from the perspective of oxidative stress, heat shock response and autophagy in the spermatogonia and Leydig cell of chicken. The cells from one-day-old male Hyline chickens were treated with Se (0.5 μmol/L) and/or Pb (20 μmol/L) for 24 h, respectively. Cell viability, cell ultrastucture, Pb and Se concentrations, testosterone level, oxidative stress indicators and relative expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and autophagy-related genes were measured. The results showed that spermatogonia was more tolerant to Pb than Leydig cell; cell injury was confirmed via histological assessment, cell viability and testosterone level; oxidative stress was further indicated by the decrease of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities and the increase of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents. Pb increased expression of HSPs (27, 40, 60, 70 and 90). Meanwhile Pb induced autophagy through up-regulation of autophagy-related proteins 5, Beclin 1, Dynein, light chain 3 (LC3)-I and LC3-II and down-regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin in two type cells of chicken. However, Se intervention mitigated the aforementioned alterations caused by Pb. In conclusion, Pb led to oxidative stress, which triggered heat shock response and autophagy; Se administration mitigated reproductive toxicity of Pb through strengthening antioxidant defense in the spermatogonia and Leydig cell of chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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23
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NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Pharmacological Target for Reducing Testicular Damage Associated with Varicocele. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031319. [PMID: 33525681 PMCID: PMC7865407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bioactive natural compounds are being increasingly used for therapeutics and nutraceutical applications to counteract male infertility, particularly varicocele. The roles of selenium and Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) were investigated in an experimental model of varicocele, with particular regard to the role of NLRP3 inflammasome. Male rats underwent sham operation and were daily administered with vehicle, seleno-L-methionine (Se), PDRN, and with the association Se-PDRN. Another group of rats were operated for varicocele. After twenty-eight days, sham and varicocele rats were sacrificed and both testes were weighted and analyzed. All the other rats were challenged for one month with the same compounds. In varicocele animals, lower testosterone levels, testes weight, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β and caspase-1 increased gene expression were demonstrated. TUNEL assay showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. Structural and ultrastructural damage to testes was also shown. PDRN alone significantly improved all considered parameters more than Se. The Se-PDRN association significantly improved all morphological parameters, significantly increased testosterone levels, and reduced NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and IL-1β expression and TUNEL-positive cell numbers. Our results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome can be considered an interesting target in varicocele and that Se-PDRN may be a new medical approach in support to surgery.
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24
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Han Q, Zhang W, Guo J, Zhu Q, Chen H, Xia Y, Zhu G. Mitochondrion: a sensitive target for Pb exposure. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:345-358. [PMID: 34334556 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Pb exposure is a worldwide environmental contamination issue which has been of concern to more and more people. Exposure to environmental Pb and its compounds through food and respiratory routes causes toxic damage to the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems, etc. Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to Pb. Pb exposure significantly destroys children's learning ability, intelligence and perception ability. Mitochondria are involved in various life processes of eukaryotes and are one of the most sensitive organelles to various injuries. There is no doubt that Pb-induced mitochondrial damage can widely affect various physiological processes and cause great harm. In this review, we summarized the toxic effects of Pb on mitochondria which led to various pathological processes. Pb induces mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the increased level of oxidative stress. In addition, Pb leads to cell apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Also, Pb can stimulate the development of mitochondria-mediated inflammatory responses. Furthermore, Pb triggers the germination of autophagy via the mitochondrial pathway and induces mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbing intracellular calcium homeostasis. In a word, we discussed the effects of Pb exposure on mitochondria, hoping to provide some references for further research and better therapeutic options for Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - JingChong Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - YongLi Xia
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
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