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Posastiuc FP, Rizzoto G, Constantin NT, Nicolae G, Chiers K, Diaconescu AI, Șerban AI, Van Soom A, Codreanu MD. Anti-Müllerian hormone in feline cryptorchidism: Serum levels, tissue expression, and implications for testicular health. Theriogenology 2024; 230:54-60. [PMID: 39265439 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has become a pivotal subject in the study of testicular descent, maturation, integrity, and male fertility. Recent studies explored its roles and implications across various domestic species. A prominent approach involved the understanding of the modulation of AMH in reproductive disorders, including cryptorchidism. While substantial findings have been reported in dogs, ruminants, swine, and horses, data on AMH in feline cryptorchidism remains limited. Here, we aimed to bridge this gap by comparing AMH serum levels among cryptorchid, healthy intact, and castrated tomcats, employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for quantification. In addition, AMH expression in retained and descended testes was evaluated through immunohistochemistry, with positive staining quantified via pixel analysis in two distinct regions of interest: the seminiferous tubule and the interstitial space. Furthermore, tissue samples were subjected to histological evaluation and morphometric analysis, which included the calculation of seminiferous tubule areas (STA) and assessment of Johnsen scores. Thus, the relationship between AMH expression, altered testicular histology, and impaired spermatogenesis could be examined. The expression of AMH in retained and descended testes, was investigated, and the relationship between AMH expression, altered testicular histology, and impaired spermatogenesis was examined. Mean serum AMH levels differed significantly (P < 0.001) across the different groups being 15.35 ± 4.66 ng/mL (mean ± SD) in healthy intact tomcats (n = 15), 25.55 ± 2.86 ng/mL (mean ± SD) in cryptorchids (n = 10) and below 0.015 ng/mL in castrated cats (n = 10). STAs and Johnsen scores were significantly reduced in retained testes when compared to descended gonads (P < 0.01). Furthermore, serum AMH was negatively correlated with both the STA (ρ = -0.725, P < 0.001) and the Johnsen scores (ρ = -0.699, P < 0.001), suggesting its potential value for tissue integrity and spermatogenesis evaluation. In addition, positive immunostaining was significantly higher in retained testes (P < 0.05), especially in the interstitial space (P < 0.01), suggesting an involvement of the Leydig cells. Additionally, the increased interstitial expression was linked to the degree of tissue degeneration and the impaired spermatogenesis being negatively corelated with both Johnsen scores (ρ = -0.309, P < 0.01) and STA (ρ = -0.208, P < 0.05). Our findings underscore the potential of AMH in assessing testicular health and reveal possible interspecific differences, stressing the need for further investigation in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Posastiuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G Rizzoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - N T Constantin
- Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - G Nicolae
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - K Chiers
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A I Diaconescu
- Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A I Șerban
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M D Codreanu
- Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
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Posastiuc FP, Rizzoto G, Constantin NT, Nicolae G, Chiers K, Diaconescu AI, Șerban AI, Van Soom A, Codreanu MD. Anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for testicular degeneration in dogs: insights from cryptorchid models. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1481248. [PMID: 39439823 PMCID: PMC11493918 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1481248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The increasing prevalence of infertility in male dogs in clinical practice mirrors current trends seen in human medicine. Acquired infertility is notably more common in dogs compared to congenital causes, with conditions such as testicular degeneration leading to irreversible loss of fertility. Current diagnostic methods for testicular degeneration, such as histopathological and cytological examinations, rely on testicular biopsy or fine needle aspiration, making them less feasible for routine use. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced by Sertoli cells, has emerged as a potential alternative biomarker for testicular health, which can be measured in serum. This study evaluates AMH as a potential marker for testicular degeneration, using cryptorchid dogs as models for impaired fertility and altered testicular histology. Methods The relationship between serum AMH levels and AMH tissue expression with impaired spermatogenesis and altered histology was investigated. Serum AMH levels were determined in intact, cryptorchid, and castrated individuals using an immuno-enzymatic ELISA kit and compared between subgroups based on testicular location. Tissue AMH immuno-expression was differentially quantified in two regions of interest (ROIs), the interstitial space and the seminiferous tubule, in both descended and retained gonads. Furthermore, testicles were analyzed using histomorphometric analysis in seminiferous tubules, while spermatogenesis was evaluated using the Johnsen score. Results Serum AMH levels were positively correlated with AMH expression assessed in both interstitial space (ρ = 0.494, p ≤ 0.01) and seminiferous tubules (ρ = 0.610, p ≤ 0.001). Conversely, serum AMH levels showed a negative correlation with the seminiferous tubule area (ρ = -0.435, p ≤ 0.05). Smaller seminiferous tubule areas were linked to increased AMH reactivity in both seminiferous tubules (ρ = -0.774, p ≤ 0.001) and interstitial space (ρ = -0.725, p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, lower Johnsen scores were associated with higher serum AMH levels (ρ = -0.537, p ≤ 0.01) and elevated AMH expression in both seminiferous tubules (ρ = -0.756, p ≤ 0.001) and interstitial space (ρ = -0.679, p ≤ 0.001). Discussion Our results suggest that higher serum levels and tissue expression of AMH are linked to smaller seminiferous tubules and poorer Johnsen scores, reflecting degenerative changes and Sertoli cell dysfunction in retained testicles. Given the similarities in the mechanisms that increase AMH levels in both cryptorchid and non-cryptorchid testicles affected by testicular degeneration, this study recommends using AMH as a marker for diagnosing testicular degeneration in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Petrișor Posastiuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Guilherme Rizzoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nicolae Tiberiu Constantin
- Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Nicolae
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Alexandru Ilie Diaconescu
- Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Șerban
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mario Darius Codreanu
- Department of Clinical Sciences II, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Meng J, Feng J, Xiao L, Hu N, Lan X, Wang S. Oral vaccination with inhibin DNA vaccine for promoting spermatogenesis in rats. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230079. [PMID: 39371539 PMCID: PMC11452157 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a novel Inhibin (INH) DNA vaccine (C500/pVAX-asd-IS) on the immune response, reproductive hormone levels, and spermatogenesis of rats. Forty healthy male rats were divided into four groups, and respectively immunized (thrice, 14 d apart) with 1×108, 1×109, and 1×1010 CFU of the recombinant inhibin vaccine (group C500/pVAX-asd-IS-L, C500/pVAX-asd-IS-M, and C500/pVAX-asd-IS-H) or 1×1010 CFU C500. P/N values increased after vaccination and differed (p <0.05) at 7 d, and sharply increased at 14 d following the booster vaccination (p <0.01); The weight and volume of testes in C500/pVAX-asd-IS groups were increased (p < 0.05) at decapitation, respectively; Histological evaluation showed that the number of spermatogenic cells in the lumen was increased, and the cytoplasmic remnants of sperms were allergy increased significantly compared with the control group. Oral vaccination with INH DNA reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of INH B, enhanced serum concentrations of testosterone (T) and FSH. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of VIM and SMAD4 in the testes were increased in C500/pVAX-asd-IS-M and C500/pVAX-asd-IS-H groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The mRNA amount of INHβ-B in C500/pVAX-asd-IS-M group was greater than control group (p < 0.05).These results suggested that neutralization of endogenous INH through oral vaccination with INH DNA delivered by C500 strain successfully elicited a humoral immune response. INH gene immunization may have a positive effect on spermatogenesis and reproductive efficiency in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Jianhao Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lilin Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuilian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Leandri R, Power K, Buonocore S, De Vico G. Preliminary Evidence of the Possible Roles of the Ferritinophagy-Iron Uptake Axis in Canine Testicular Cancer. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2619. [PMID: 39272404 PMCID: PMC11394645 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is a key element in spermatogenesis; its metabolic pathway in the testis is strictly regulated. Alterations in iron metabolism are linked to various diseases, including cancer, and changes in iron metabolism-related proteins have been observed in multiple human, mouse and canine tumors. There is limited knowledge about iron metabolism in canine non-neoplastic and neoplastic testes. This study aimed to explore the immunohistochemical expression of molecules involved in iron uptake and storage [Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1), ferritin (FTH1), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)] and PCNA in canine non-neoplastic and neoplastic testicular samples. Non-neoplastic testes showed moderate TfR1 expression in developing germ cells and Sertoli cells, high NCOA4 cytoplasmic immunostaining in the Sertoli cells and occasional cytoplasmic immunopositivity for FTH1 in the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. In contrast, Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) and Diffuse Type Seminoma (DSEM) exhibited increased expression of TfR1, along with higher PCNA expression, suggesting a higher iron need for proliferation. Intratubular Type Seminoma (ITSEM) showed a higher FTH1 expression, indicating greater iron storage, while the increased NCOA4 expression in the LCTs and DSEM suggested ferritinophagy to release iron for proliferation. Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs) showed only NCOA4 expression. These preliminary findings highlight potential molecular targets for developing new anti-neoplastic treatments in canine testicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leandri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 21, 80216 Napoli, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 21, 80216 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Buonocore
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 21, 80216 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gionata De Vico
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 21, 80216 Napoli, Italy
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Soto-Heras S, Reinacher L, Wang B, Oh JE, Bunnell M, Park CJ, Hess RA, Ko CJ. Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer in the dog: unresolved questions and challenges in translating insights from human studies†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:269-291. [PMID: 38738783 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum, and testicular cancer show a strong correlation in both dogs and humans. Yet, long-standing medical debates persist about whether the location of undescended testes directly causes testicular cancer in humans or if both conditions stem from a common origin. Although testicular cancer is a prevalent disease in dogs, even less is known about its cause and correlation with testicular descent in this species. This review investigates the relation between these two disorders in dogs, drawing insights from human studies, and examines key biomarkers identified thus far. In addition, it explores potential causal links, including the impact of temperature on maturing testicular cells and a potential shared genetic origin. Notably, this literature review reveals significant differences between men and dogs in reproductive development, histological and molecular features of testicular tumors, and the prevalence of specific tumor types, such as Sertoli cell tumors in cryptorchid dogs and germ cell tumors in humans. These disparities caution against using dogs as models for human testicular cancer research and underscore the limitations when drawing comparisons between species. The paper concludes by suggesting specific research initiatives to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between cryptorchidism and testicular cancer in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Soto-Heras
- Epivara, Inc., 2109 S. Oak Street, Suite 100A, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Lindsey Reinacher
- Epivara, Inc., 2109 S. Oak Street, Suite 100A, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Bensen Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Mary Bunnell
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Chan Jin Park
- Epivara, Inc., 2109 S. Oak Street, Suite 100A, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Rex A Hess
- Epivara, Inc., 2109 S. Oak Street, Suite 100A, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - CheMyong Jay Ko
- Epivara, Inc., 2109 S. Oak Street, Suite 100A, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Romagnoli S, Krekeler N, de Cramer K, Kutzler M, McCarthy R, Schaefer-Somi S. WSAVA guidelines for the control of reproduction in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:424-559. [PMID: 38804079 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S Romagnoli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale dell'Università 16, University of Padova, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
| | - N Krekeler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K de Cramer
- Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Kutzler
- Dept of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - R McCarthy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, United States
| | - S Schaefer-Somi
- Center for Reproduction, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
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Balogh O, Szilágyi E, Balogh N, Somogyi Z, Müller L. Half-life of serum anti-Müllerian hormone and changes after gonadectomy in adult female and male dogs with normal and abnormal gonads. Theriogenology 2024; 217:18-24. [PMID: 38237213 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a biomarker for the presence of gonadal tissue. Changes in serum AMH after gonadectomy are not well established, and its serum half-life is unknown in dogs. We measured serum AMH with a validated electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay in adult female (n = 12) and male (n = 7) dogs with normal gonads, as well as in dogs with gonadal pathology (ovarian remnant syndrome, ORS n = 3, testicular tumor [Leydig cell, Sertoli cell, seminoma] n = 3, unilateral abdominal cryptorchid n = 4) on the day of gonadectomy (D0), and on D3, D7, D14 (females and males), and D21, D28 (males only). Males had higher AMH concentrations than females independent of gonadal status (P < 0.001). Dogs with ORS had lower initial AMH (0.45 ± 0.43 ng/ml) than bitches with normal gonads (1.16 ± 0.44 ng/ml; P = 0.027). Cryptorchid dogs had higher initial concentrations (80.57 ± 52.81 ng/ml) than males with normal gonads (7.92 ± 2.45 ng/ml; P = 0.004), and those with testicular tumors (18.63 ± 5.04 ng/ml) were intermediate (P ≥ 0.250). AMH decreased over time (P ≤ 0.012) and was 0.01-0.04 ng/ml by D14 in females and 0.02-0.12 ng/ml by D28 in males. Serum half-life in the whole study population was 2.85 ± 0.51 days and did not differ between groups. In conclusion, serum AMH can differentiate between intact and gonadectomized status of adult dogs by 14 days after ovario(hyster)ectomy in females and by 28 days after surgical castration in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Balogh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Eszter Szilágyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary
| | - Linda Müller
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary; ATRC Aurigon Ltd., Dunakeszi, Hungary.
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Ciaputa R, Nowak M, Dzimira S, Brambilla E, Kandefer-Gola M, Tomaszek A, Popiel-Kopaczyk A, Dzięgiel P, Grieco V. Study on the expression of testin in the testes of dogs. J Vet Res 2023; 67:627-633. [PMID: 38130450 PMCID: PMC10730544 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Testin is a protein involved in cell mobility, adhesion and colony formation. In rats, testin presence has been reported in the testes, and its possible role in spermatogenesis has been suggested. Studies in humans also suggest a possible role of testin as a cancer suppressor protein. In the dog, which represents both an important pet species and a good animal model for studying biological and pathological testicular processes, the presence of testin has never been reported. Material and Methods In the present study, the expression of testin in foetal, prepubertal, adult and aged canine testes was investigated. Testes from 5 adult and 3 aged dogs, from 2 one-month-old puppies and from 2 foetuses miscarried at the end of pregnancy were immunohistochemically examined with a commercial antibody against testin. Results Testin was intensely expressed in Sertoli cells in every testis examined. Spermatids were also positive for testin in mature dogs and in the testicular areas of the aged ones which were not atrophic. Weak expression of testin was also detected in all testes examined. Conclusion The present study, the first demonstrating the presence of testin in canine testes, provides the basis for further dog-human comparative research and for studies on the role of this protein in canine physiology, reproduction and testicular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ciaputa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Eleonora Brambilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900Lodi, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Tomaszek
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368Wrocław, Poland
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900Lodi, Italy
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Pizzi G, Groppetti D, Brambilla E, Pecile A, Grieco V, Lecchi C. MicroRNA as epigenetic regulators of canine cryptorchidism. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104961. [PMID: 37487386 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism, the failed descent of one or both testes into the scrotum, is a common developmental disorder in male dogs. Cryptorchidism may affect canine fertility, reducing the quality of the semen, and may promote spermatic cord torsion and onset of neoplasia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of gene expression and their dysregulation is associated with disorders of spermatogenesis and testis neoplasia. The present study aimed at investigating the expression of miRNAs in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) canine retained testes and testes affected by seminoma, and at integrating miRNAs to their target genes. Forty testicular FFPE specimens from 30 dogs were included - 10 scrotal and 10 contralateral retained from 10 unilateral cryptorchid dogs; 10 tumoral testes affected by seminoma from non-cryptorchid dogs; 10 scrotal normal testes from non-cryptorchid dogs included as the control. The expression level of three miRNAs, namely miR-302c-3p, miR-302a-3p, and miR-371-3p, associated with testicular disorders, were quantified using RT-qPCR. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the level of miR-302a-3p and miR-371a-3p were quantifiable exclusively in control testes. The expression level of miR-302c-3p was higher in the control than in the other groups; its expression decreased in retained testes compared to scrotal testes and testes with seminoma. Gene Ontology analysis pointed out that these miRNAs may be involved in the modulation of estrogen and thyroid hormone signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miRNAs are dysregulated in canine cryptorchid and seminoma-affected testes compared to control tissues, confirming the pivotal role of miRNAs in cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pizzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi 26900, Italy
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Ciaputa R, Brambilla E, Godizzi F, Dzimira S, Żebrowski K, Kandefer-Gola M, Nowak M, Grieco V. First report of primary testicular leiomyosarcoma in two dogs. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:101. [PMID: 37525233 PMCID: PMC10388459 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular tumours are common in dogs and, among them, interstitial cell tumours, seminomas and sustentacular cell tumours are the most reported. Mesenchymal testicular tumours are rarely reported in humans as in veterinary medicine where only three cases of sarcomas (leiomyomas and leomyosarcomas) have been described in two stallions and in a ram. CASE PRESENTATION The present cases regarded a 12-year-old mixed-breed dog and a 10-year-old American Staffordshire Terrier that underwent bilateral orchiectomy. Formalin fixed testes were referred for histopathological diagnosis. At gross examination, in one of the testes of both dogs, a white, firm and variably cystic testicular mass, effacing and replacing the testicular parenchyma was detected. Samples were collected from both neoplastic and contralateral testes, routinely processed for histology and serial sections were also examined immunohistochemically with primary antibodies against cytokeratins, vimentin, Von Willebrand factor, inhibin-α, α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin and desmin. Histopathological features as well as the immunohistochemical results, positive for vimentin, actin, myosin and desmin, confirmed the mesenchymal origin and the myoid phenotype of both testicular tumours supporting the diagnoses of leiomyosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS To the authors knowledge these are the first cases of primary testicular sarcoma reported in the canine species. However, even rare, these tumours deserve to be considered in routine diagnosis when a testicular spindle cell tumour is observed. The immunohistochemical panel applied was useful to distinguish the present tumours from undifferentiated Sertoli cell tumours confirming the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ciaputa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland.
| | - Eleonora Brambilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - Francesco Godizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland
| | - Kacper Żebrowski
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, Lodi, 26900, Italy
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11
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Topaloğlu U, Sağsöz H, Akbalik ME. Distribution of cytoskeletal proteins in the cat testis during the pre-pubertal and post-pubertal periods. Theriogenology 2023; 197:1-9. [PMID: 36462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins not only define the shape of cells, but also have critical roles in their proliferation, migration and motility, as well as in the establishment and maintenance of tissue organization and integrity. Furthermore, these proteins influence the physiological processes of the male reproductive system and are found in the structure of some cells. This study aimed to determine differences between the pre- and post-pubertal periods for the localization and distribution of actin, desmin, vimentin and cytokeratin-18 in the testes, epididymides and ductus deferentes of Persian and Turkish Angora and Van cats, using immunohistochemistry. The study material was grouped as belonging to the pre-pubertal and post-pubertal periods. The tissue samples of both groups were subjected to routine histological processing and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections cut from the paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were immunohistochemically stained with the indirect streptavidin-biotin complex method. Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that there was no difference between the pre- and post-pubertal periods for the staining intensity and distribution of the proteins actin, vimentin, desmin and cytokeratin-18 in Persian and Turkish Angora and Van cats. On the other hand, differences were detected between the pre- and post-pubertal periods for the cellular expression and localization of these proteins in the testes, epididymides and ductus deferentes. Thus, the study results suggest that, based on the expression of actin, desmin, vimentin and cytokeratin-18 in the testes, epididymides and ductus deferentes during both periods, these molecular factors could have a contributory role in the development of the male reproductive system and the regulation of its physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Topaloğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21280, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Sağsöz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21280, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem Akbalik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21280, Turkey
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12
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Hernández-Jardón N, Rojas-Castañeda JC, Landero-Huerta D, Reyes-Cruz E, Reynoso-Robles R, Juárez-Mosqueda MDL, Medrano A, Reyes-Delgado F, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM. Cryptorchidism: The dog as a study model. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:935307. [PMID: 36176705 PMCID: PMC9514118 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.935307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism (CO) or undescended testicle is an abnormality of male gonadal development that can generate long-term repercussions in men, such as infertility and germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). The origin of these alterations in humans is not completely clear, due to the absence of an animal model with similar testicular development as in humans with CO. This work intends to describe the testicular histological development of dogs with congenital CO, and determine whether the species could adequately serve as a study model for this pathology in humans. The study was carried out with 36 dogs, equally distributed in two groups: healthy control (CTRL) and CO groups. The contralateral testis to the undescended one in CO group of the animals was considered and analyzed. Each group was subdivided in three stages of development: (1) peripubertal stage (6–8 months), (2) young adult (9–48 months) and (3) senile (49–130 months). Histological development, the presence of cells with gonocyte morphology, cell proliferation, testicular lipoperoxidation and hormonal concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, FSH and LH were evaluated and described. In the cryptorchid testes, the first histological alterations appeared from the first stage of development and were maintained until the senile stage. A pronounced testicular lipoperoxidation occurred only in the second stage of development. The histological alterations due to CO were markedly evident in the young adult stage. Testosterone concentrations witnessed a decrease starting from in the second stage and kept on until the last stage. The contralateral testes of the CO animals showed alterations that positioned them between the control and CO testes. Testicular development of dogs with CO is similar to that of humans. The results of the study suggest that this species could serve as a suitable model for the study of CO in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Hernández-Jardón
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio César Rojas-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, SS, Mexico City, Mexico
- Julio César Rojas-Castañeda
| | - Daniel Landero-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, SS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estefanía Reyes-Cruz
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Reynoso-Robles
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Tisular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, SS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María del Lourdes Juárez-Mosqueda
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Medrano
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Fausto Reyes-Delgado
- Banfield Pet Hospital-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Vigueras-Villaseñor
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, SS, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rosa María Vigueras-Villaseñor
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13
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Ovarian Neuroglial Choristoma in a Bitch. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080402. [PMID: 36006317 PMCID: PMC9412455 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglial choristomas are rare malformations consisting of heterotopic mature neural tissue at a site isolated from the brain or spinal cord. In human medicine, neuroglial choristomas are predominantly reported in the head and in the neck, except for one recent case reported in a foot of a child. In domestic animals, neuroglial choristomas are exceedingly rare, reported only in the retina of a dog, in the pharynx and in the skin of two kittens, and within the oropharynx of a harbor seal. A three-year-old intact female Jack Russell Terrier presented for elective ovariectomy exhibited a cystic lesion 2 cm in diameter expanding in the right ovary. Histological examination of the lesion revealed a mass composed of well-organized neuroglial tissue. Immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies against GFAP, NSE, and IBA-1 confirmed the neuroglial origin of the mass. At the time of this writing, 7 years after ovariectomy, the dog was clinically normal. Together with a recent case described in the foot of a child, this case confirms that neuroglial choristoma may also be found far from the skull or spine, supporting the hypothesis that they may arise from an early embryological migration defect.
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14
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Gazin AA, Vatnikov YA, Sturov NV, Kulikov EV, Grishin V, Krotova EA, Razumova (Varentsova) AA, Rodionova (Sapego) NY, Troshina NI, Byakhova VM, Lisitskaya KV. Canine testicular tumors: An 11-year retrospective study of 358 cases in Moscow Region, Russia. Vet World 2022; 15:483-487. [PMID: 35400936 PMCID: PMC8980386 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.483-487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Canine testicular tumors are among the most common reproductive tract tumors in male dogs and have been studied in many countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies with a large sample size have not been conducted in Russia. This study aimed to provide the latest information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the Veterinary Oncology Scientific Center for Small Animals “Biocontrol” in Moscow, Russia, in 2010-2020 and the characteristics of the affected canine population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients and histological reports was collected and analyzed from 358 dogs with 447 testicular tumors within 11 years. Results: The mean age of the affected dogs was 10.4 years, whereas that of dogs with Sertoli cell tumors was 9.4 years p=0.009. This study includes mixed-breed dogs (18.4%), Yorkshire Terriers (8.8%), Labrador Retrievers (7.9%), Golden Retrievers (5.0%), and Fox Terriers (3.4%). The most common tumors were interstitial cell tumors (n=227, 50.8%). In contrast, 107 (23.9%) seminomas, 80 (17.9%) Sertoli cell tumors, 19 (7.4%) mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumors, and 26 (7.6%) testicular tumors developed from cryptorchid testes, which included 16 (61.5%) Sertoli cell tumors, 10 (38.5%) seminomas, and no interstitial cell tumors. Conclusion: This study provides baseline information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the described population, including the median age of each tumor type and overrepresented dog breeds. We further found that the most common scrotal testicular tumor was interstitial cell tumor, whereas Sertoli cell tumor was the most common in cryptorchid testicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey A. Gazin
- Veterinary Oncology Scientific Center, Veterinary Clinic "Biocontrol," Moscow, Russia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Yury A. Vatnikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Sturov
- Department of General Practice, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Kulikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Viktor Grishin
- Department of Technosphere Safety, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Elena A. Krotova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | | | | | - Natalia I. Troshina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Varvara M. Byakhova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
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