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Schreuder M, Liu X, Cheung KL, Reitsma PH, Nicolaes GAF, Bos MHA. ptFVa ( Pseudonaja Textilis Venom-Derived Factor Va) Retains Structural Integrity Following Proteolysis by Activated Protein C. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2263-2276. [PMID: 34162230 PMCID: PMC8288481 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: The Australian snake venom ptFV (Pseudonaja textilis venom-derived factor V) variant retains cofactor function despite APC (activated protein C)-dependent proteolysis. Here, we aimed to unravel the mechanistic principles by determining the role of the absent Arg306 cleavage site that is required for the inactivation of FVa (mammalian factor Va). Approach and Results: Our findings show that in contrast to human FVa, APC-catalyzed proteolysis of ptFVa at Arg306 and Lys507 does not abrogate ptFVa cofactor function. Remarkably, the structural integrity of APC-proteolyzed ptFVa is maintained indicating that stable noncovalent interactions prevent A2-domain dissociation. Using Molecular Dynamics simulations, we uncovered key regions located in the A1 and A2 domain that may be at the basis of this remarkable characteristic. Conclusions: Taken together, we report a completely novel role for uniquely adapted regions in ptFVa that prevent A2 domain dissociation. As such, these results challenge our current understanding by which strict regulatory mechanisms control FVa activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schreuder
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (M.S., K.L.C., P.H.R., M.H.A.B.)
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Maastricht University, Department of Biochemistry, the Netherlands (X.L.)
| | - Ka Lei Cheung
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (M.S., K.L.C., P.H.R., M.H.A.B.)
| | - Pieter H Reitsma
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (M.S., K.L.C., P.H.R., M.H.A.B.).,VarmX B.V, Leiden, the Netherlands (P.H.R.)
| | | | - Mettine H A Bos
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (M.S., K.L.C., P.H.R., M.H.A.B.)
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Lin J, Liang J, Wen J, Luo M, Li J, Sun X, Xu X, Li J, Wang D, Wang J, Chen H, Lai R, Liang F, Li C, Ye F, Zhang J, Zeng J, Yang S, Sheng W. Mutations of RNF213 are responsible for sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation and lead to a mulberry-like cluster in zebrafish. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1251-1263. [PMID: 32248732 PMCID: PMC8142133 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20914996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although familial forms of cerebral cavernous malformation are mainly attributed to three CCM genes (KRIT1, CCM2 and PDCD10), no mutation is identified in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation cases with a unique lesion, indicating additional genes for sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation. To screen the candidate genes, we conducted whole exome sequencing in 31 sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation patients and 32 healthy controls, and identified 5 affected individuals carrying 6 heterozygous deleterious mutations in RNF213 but no RNF213 mutation in healthy individuals. To further confirm RNF213 was associated with cerebral cavernous malformation, we generated rnf213a homozygous knockout zebrafish and found mutation of rnf213a in zebrafish led to a mulberry-like cluster of disordered-flow vascular channels which was reminiscent of human cerebral cavernous malformation. In addition, we revealed kbtbd7 and anxa6 were significantly downregulated due to rnf213a mutation through transcriptomic sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis. Based on the mulberry-like phenotype partly rescued by mRNA of kbtbd7 as well as anxa6, we suggested that rnf213a promoted mulberry-like cluster via downregulation of kbtbd7 and anxa6. Altogether, we firstly demonstrate RNF213is a novel candidate gene for sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation and the mutation of rnf213a is responsible for the mulberry-like cluster in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaoxing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunsha Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianli Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongxian Wang
- Translational Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Translational Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Lai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Translational Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulan Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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Dashty M, Akbarkhanzadeh V, Zeebregts CJ, Spek CA, Sijbrands EJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F. Characterization of coagulation factor synthesis in nine human primary cell types. Sci Rep 2012; 2:787. [PMID: 23145311 PMCID: PMC3494008 DOI: 10.1038/srep00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coagulation/fibrinolysis system is essential for wound healing after vascular injury. According to the standard paradigm, the synthesis of most coagulation factors is restricted to liver, platelets and endothelium. We challenged this interpretation by measuring coagulation factors in nine human primary cell types. FX mRNA was expressed by fibroblasts, visceral preadipocytes/adipocytes and hepatocytes, but not in macrophages or other cells. All cells expressed FVIII except endothelial cells. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages produced thrombomodulin but not FV. Interestingly, vascular-related cells (platelets/monocytes) that expressed FV did not express FX and vice versa. Monocytes expressed FV, FVIII and FXIIIA, which are positive regulators of clot formation, but these cells also contained thrombomodulin, a negative regulator of coagulation. Our data show that the expression of coagulation factors is much more complex than previously thought, and we speculate that this intricate regulation of coagulation factor expression is necessary for correct fine-tuning of fibrinogenesis versus fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Dashty
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cleavage at both Arg306 and Arg506 is required and sufficient for timely and efficient inactivation of factor Va by activated protein C. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2011; 22:317-24. [PMID: 21467919 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e3283456c4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) inactivates membrane-bound factor Va following cleavages of the heavy chain at Arg, Arg, and Arg. The objective of this study is to examine which cleavage is most important for inactivation. The recombinant factor V molecules were constructed as follows: factor V (mutations R→Q), factor V (mutations R→Q), and factor V (mutations R→Q and R→Q). The recombinant molecules were expressed in mammalian cells, purified, and assayed prior and after incubation with APC and lipids for 30 min (factor Vai) in clotting assays and in an assay using purified reagents and saturating concentrations of factor Va. Clotting assays demonstrated that wild-type factor Vai (Vai), factor Vai, and factor Vai were devoid of activity, whereas factor Vai maintained approximately 70% activity following a 30 min incubation with APC. Prothrombinase assembled with all mutant cofactor molecules before and after treatment with APC had kinetic constant (Km) values similar to values found with prothrombinase assembled with factor Va. Prothrombinase assembled with factor Vai demonstrated a 20-fold reduction in kcat, whereas prothrombinase assembled with factor Vai had a two-fold reduction in kcat as compared with prothrombinase assembled with factor Va. In contrast, factor Vai and factor Vai did not show any loss in kcat under similar experimental conditions. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the activity of an APC-treated factor Va molecule bearing a single mutation at Arg or Arg depends on the assay used; and regardless of the assay employed, in the absence of the APC-cleavage sites at Arg and Arg, the active cofactor is unable to be significantly inactivated by APC in the presence of a membrane surface.
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