1
|
Duan Y, Chen X, Wang T, Li M. The serine/threonine protein kinase MpSTE1 directly governs hyphal branching in Monascus spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:255. [PMID: 38446219 PMCID: PMC10917826 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Monascus spp. are commercially important fungi due to their ability to produce beneficial secondary metabolites such as the cholesterol-lowering agent lovastatin and natural food colorants azaphilone pigments. Although hyphal branching intensively influenced the production of these secondary metabolites, the pivotal regulators of hyphal development in Monascus spp. remain unclear. To identify these important regulators, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image analysis tool for quantification of hyphae-branching and constructed a random T-DNA insertion library. High-throughput screening revealed that a STE kinase, MpSTE1, was considered as a key regulator of hyphal branching based on the hyphal phenotype. To further validate the role of MpSTE1, we generated an mpSTE1 gene knockout mutant, a complemented mutant, and an overexpression mutant (OE::mpSTE1). Microscopic observations revealed that overexpression of mpSTE1 led to a 63% increase in branch number while deletion of mpSTE1 reduced the hyphal branching by 68% compared to the wild-type strain. In flask cultures, the strain OE::mpSTE1 showed accelerated growth and glucose consumption. More importantly, the strain OE::mpSTE1 produced 9.2 mg/L lovastatin and 17.0 mg/L azaphilone pigments, respectively, 47.0% and 30.1% higher than those of the wild-type strain. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that MpSTE1 directly phosphorylated 7 downstream signal proteins involved in cell division, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction. To our best knowledge, MpSTE1 is reported as the first characterized regulator for tightly regulating the hyphal branching in Monascus spp. These findings significantly expanded current understanding of the signaling pathway governing the hyphal branching and development in Monascus spp. Furthermore, MpSTE1 and its analogs were demonstrated as promising targets for improving production of valuable secondary metabolites. KEY POINTS: • MpSTE1 is the first characterized regulator for tightly regulating hyphal branching • Overexpression of mpSTE1 significantly improves secondary metabolite production • A high-throughput image analysis tool was developed for counting hyphal branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented FoodsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented FoodsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented FoodsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented FoodsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Danner C, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR. The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12615-z. [PMID: 37341752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are widely exploited for large-scale production in the biotechnological industry to produce a diverse range of substances due to their versatility and relative ease of growing on various substrates. The occurrence of a phenomenon-the so-called fungal strain degeneration-leads to the spontaneous loss or decline of production capacity and results in an economic loss on a tremendous scale. Some of the most commonly applied genera of fungi in the biotechnical industry, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, are threatened by this phenomenon. Although fungal degeneration has been known for almost a century, the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms still need to be understood. The proposed mechanisms causing fungi to degenerate can be of genetic or epigenetic origin. Other factors, such as culture conditions, stress, or aging, were also reported to have an influence. This mini-review addresses the topic of fungal degeneration by describing examples of productivity losses in biotechnical processes using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Further, potential reasons, circumvention, and prevention methods are discussed. This is the first mini-review which provides a comprehensive overview on this phenomenon in biotechnologically used fungi, and it also includes a collection of strategies that can be useful to minimize economic losses which can arise from strain degeneration. KEY POINTS: • Spontaneous loss of productivity is evident in many fungi used in biotechnology. • The properties and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are very versatile. • Only studying these underlying mechanisms enables the design of a tailored solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Danner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid R Mach-Aigner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dinius A, Kozanecka ZJ, Hoffmann KP, Krull R. Intensification of bioprocesses with filamentous microorganisms. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Many industrial biotechnological processes use filamentous microorganisms to produce platform chemicals, proteins, enzymes and natural products. Product formation is directly linked to their cellular morphology ranging from dispersed mycelia over loose clumps to compact pellets. Therefore, the adjustment and control of the filamentous cellular morphology pose major challenges for bioprocess engineering. Depending on the filamentous strain and desired product, optimal morphological shapes for achieving high product concentrations vary. However, there are currently no overarching strain- or product-related correlations to improve process understanding of filamentous production systems. The present book chapter summarizes the extensive work conducted in recent years in the field of improving product formation and thus intensifying biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. The goal is to provide prospective scientists with an extensive overview of this scientifically diverse, highly interesting field of study. In the course of this, multiple examples and ideas shall facilitate the combination of their acquired expertise with promising areas of future research. Therefore, this overview describes the interdependence between filamentous cellular morphology and product formation. Moreover, the currently most frequently used experimental techniques for morphological structure elucidation will be discussed in detail. Developed strategies of morphology engineering to increase product formation by tailoring and controlling cellular morphology and thus to intensify processes with filamentous microorganisms will be comprehensively presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Zuzanna J. Kozanecka
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Kevin P. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wainaina S, Taherzadeh MJ. Automation and artificial intelligence in filamentous fungi-based bioprocesses: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128421. [PMID: 36462761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing their powerful metabolic versatility, filamentous fungi can be utilized in bioprocesses aimed at achieving circular economy. With the current digital transformation within the biomanufacturing sector, the interest of automating fungi-based systems has intensified. The purpose of this paper was therefore to review the potentials connected to the use of automation and artificial intelligence in fungi-based systems. Automation is characterized by the substitution of manual tasks with mechanized tools. Artificial intelligence is, on the other hand, a domain within computer science that aims at designing tools and machines with the capacity to execute functions that would usually require human aptitude. Process flexibility, enhanced data reliability and increased productivity are some of the benefits of integrating automation and artificial intelligence in fungi-based bioprocesses. One of the existing gaps that requires further investigation is the use of such data-based technologies in the production of food from fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wainaina
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Activity-based protein profiling reveals dynamic substrate-specific cellulase secretion by saprotrophic basidiomycetes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:6. [PMID: 35418096 PMCID: PMC8764865 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fungal saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass occurs concurrently with the secretion of a diverse collection of proteins, together functioning as a catalytic system to liberate soluble sugars from insoluble composite biomaterials. How different fungi respond to different substrates is of fundamental interest to the developing biomass saccharification industry. Among the cornerstones of fungal enzyme systems are the highly expressed cellulases (endo-β-glucanases and cellobiohydrolases). Recently, a cyclophellitol-derived activity-based probe (ABP-Cel) was shown to be a highly sensitive tool for the detection and identification of cellulases.
Results
Here we show that ABP-Cel enables endo-β-glucanase profiling in diverse fungal secretomes. In combination with established ABPs for β-xylanases and β-d-glucosidases, we collected multiplexed in-gel fluorescence activity-based protein profiles of 240 secretomes collected over ten days from biological replicates of ten different basidiomycete fungi grown on maltose, wheat straw, or aspen pulp. Our results reveal the remarkable dynamics and unique enzyme fingerprints associated with each species substrate combination. Chemical proteomic analysis identifies significant arsenals of cellulases secreted by each fungal species during growth on lignocellulosic biomass. Recombinant production and characterization of a collection of probe-reactive enzymes from GH5, GH10, and GH12 confirm that ABP-Cel shows broad selectivity towards enzymes with endo-β-glucanase activity.
Conclusion
Using small-volume samples with minimal sample preparation, the results presented here demonstrate the ready accessibility of sensitive direct evidence for fungal enzyme secretion during early stages of growth on complex lignocellulosic substrates.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaverra-Muñoz L, Briem T, Hüttel S. Optimization of the production process for the anticancer lead compound illudin M: improving titers in shake-flasks. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:98. [PMID: 35643529 PMCID: PMC9148526 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal sesquiterpenes Illudin M and S are important base molecules for the development of new anticancer agents due to their strong activity against some resistant tumor cell lines. Due to nonspecific toxicity of the natural compounds, improvement of the pharmacophore is required. A semisynthetic derivative of illudin S (Irofulven) entered phase II clinical trials for the treatment of castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Several semisynthetic illudin M derivatives showed increased in vitro selectivity and improved therapeutic index against certain tumor cell lines, encouraging further investigation. This requires a sustainable supply of the natural compound, which is produced by Basidiomycota of the genus Omphalotus. We aimed to develop a robust biotechnological process to deliver illudin M in quantities sufficient to support medicinal chemistry studies and future preclinical and clinical development. In this study, we report the initial steps towards this goal. RESULTS After establishing analytical workflows, different culture media and commercially available Omphalotus strains were screened for the production of illudin M.Omphalotus nidiformis cultivated in a medium containing corn steep solids reached ~ 38 mg L-1 setting the starting point for optimization. Improved seed preparation in combination with a simplified medium (glucose 13.5 g L-1; corn steep solids 7.0 g L- 1; Dox broth modified 35 mL), reduced cultivation time and enhanced titers significantly (~ 400 mg L-1). Based on a reproducible cultivation method, a feeding strategy was developed considering potential biosynthetic bottlenecks. Acetate and glucose were fed at 96 h (8.0 g L-1) and 120 h (6.0 g L-1) respectively, which resulted in final illudin M titer of ~ 940 mg L-1 after eight days. This is a 25 fold increase compared to the initial titer. CONCLUSION After strict standardization of seed-preparation and cultivation parameters, a combination of experimental design, empirical trials and additional supply of limiting biosynthetic precursors, led to a highly reproducible process in shake flasks with high titers of illudin M. These findings are the base for further work towards a scalable biotechnological process for a stable illudin M supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillibeth Chaverra-Muñoz
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Theresa Briem
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soerjawinata W, Kockler I, Wommer L, Frank R, Schüffler A, Schirmeister T, Ulber R, Kampeis P. Novel bioreactor internals for the cultivation of spore‐forming fungi in pellet form. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:474-483. [PMID: 35865648 PMCID: PMC9288991 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduced an automated long‐term fermentation process for fungals grown in pellet form. The goal was to reduce the overgrowth of bioreactor internals and sensors while better rheological properties in the fermentation broth, such as oxygen transfer and mixing time, can be achieved. Because this could not be accomplished with continuous culture and fed‐batch fermentation, repeated‐batch fermentation was implemented with the help of additional bioreactor internals (“sporulation supports”). This should capture some biomass during fermentation. After harvesting the suspended biomass, intermediate cleaning was performed using a cleaning device. The biomass retained on the sporulation support went through the sporulation phase. The spores were subsequently used as inocula for the next batch. The reason for this approach was that the retained pellets could otherwise cause problems (e.g., overgrowth on sensors) in subsequent batches because the fungus would then show undesirable hyphal growth. Various sporulation supports were tested for sufficient biomass fixation to start the next batch. A reproducible spore concentration within the range of the requirements could be achieved by adjusting the sporulation support (design and construction material), and an intermediate cleaning adapted to this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winda Soerjawinata
- Institute for Biotechnical Process Design Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld Hoppstädten‐Weiersbach Germany
| | - Isabelle Kockler
- Institute for Biotechnical Process Design Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld Hoppstädten‐Weiersbach Germany
| | - Lars Wommer
- Institute for Biotechnical Process Design Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld Hoppstädten‐Weiersbach Germany
| | - Robert Frank
- Institute for Biotechnical Process Design Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld Hoppstädten‐Weiersbach Germany
| | - Anja Schüffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff‐Forschung gGmbH (IBWF) Mainz Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Technical University Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Percy Kampeis
- Institute for Biotechnical Process Design Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld Hoppstädten‐Weiersbach Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Lu J, Zhang G, Liu S, Zhou J, Du G, Chen J. Recent advances in the development of Aspergillus for protein production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126768. [PMID: 35091037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus had been widely used in the industrial production of recombinant proteins. In addition to the safety and broad substrate utilization spectrum, its efficient post-translational modification and strong protein secretion capacity have significant advantages for developing an excellent protein-producing cell factory in industrial production. However, the difficulties in genetic manipulation of Aspergillus and varying expression levels of different heterologous proteins hampered its further development and application. Recently, the development of CRISPR genome editing and high-throughput screening platforms has facilitated the Aspergillus development of a wide range of modifications and applications. Meanwhile, multi-omics analysis and multiplexed genetic engineering have promoted effective knowledge mining. This paper provides a comprehensive and updated review of these advances, including high-throughput screening, genome editing, protein expression modules, and fermentation optimization. It also highlights and discusses the latest significant progress, aiming to provide a practical guide for implementing Aspergillus as an efficient protein-producing cell factory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang YJ, Liu Y, Liu DD, Guo WZ, Wang LX, Wang XJ, Lv HX, Yang Y, Liu Q, Tian CG. Development of a flow cytometry-based plating-free system for strain engineering in industrial fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:713-727. [PMID: 34921331 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical advances regarding filamentous fungi have accelerated the engineering of fungal-based production and benefited basic science. However, challenges still remain and limit the speed of fungal applications. For example, high-throughput technologies tailored to filamentous fungi are not yet commonly available for genetic modification. The currently used fungal genetic manipulations are time-consuming and laborious. Here, we developed a flow cytometry-based plating-free system to directly screen and isolate the transformed protoplasts in industrial fungi Myceliophthora thermophila and Aspergillus niger. This system combines genetic engineering via the 2A peptide and the CRISPR-Cas9 system, strain screening by flow cytometry, and direct sorting of colonies for deep-well-plate incubation and phenotypic analysis while avoiding culturing transformed protoplasts in plates, colony picking, conidiation, and cultivation. As a proof of concept, we successfully applied this system to generate the glucoamylase-hyperproducing strains MtYM6 and AnLM3 in M. thermophila and A. niger, respectively. Notably, the protein secretion level and enzyme activities in MtYM6 were 17.3- and 25.1-fold higher than in the host strain. Overall, these findings suggest that the flow cytometry-based plating-free system can be a convenient and efficient tool for strain engineering in fungal biotechnology. We expect this system to facilitate improvements of filamentous fungal strains for industrial applications. KEY POINTS: • Development of a flow cytometry-based plating-free (FCPF) system is presented. • Application of FCPF system in M. thermophila and A. niger for glucoamylase platform. • Hyper-produced strains MtYM6 and AnLM3 for glucoamylase production are generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yin Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Li-Xian Wang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xing-Ji Wang
- Longda Biotechnology Inc, 276400, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - He-Xin Lv
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Chao-Guang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee SK, Lee JH, Kim HR, Chun Y, Lee JH, Park C, Yoo HY, Kim SW. Rapid and concise quantification of mycelial growth by microscopic image intensity model and application to mass cultivation of fungi. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24157. [PMID: 34921189 PMCID: PMC8683468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial food fermentation industry requires real-time monitoring and accurate quantification of cells. However, filamentous fungi are difficult to quantify as they have complex cell types such as pellet, spores, and dispersed hyphae. In this study, numerous data of microscopic image intensity (MII) were used to develop a simple and accurate quantification method of Cordyceps mycelium. The dry cell weight (DCW) of the sample collected during the fermentation was measured. In addition, the intensity values were obtained through the ImageJ program after converting the microscopic images. The prediction model obtained by analyzing the correlation between MII and DCW was evaluated through a simple linear regression method and found to be statistically significant (R2 = 0.941, p < 0.001). In addition, validation with randomly selected samples showed significant accuracy, thus, this model is expected to be used as a valuable tool for predicting and quantifying fungal growth in various industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kweon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryeol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsang Chun
- Department of Interdisciplinary Bio-Micro System Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, 445, Gyeongin-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luft L, Confortin TC, Todero I, Brun T, Ugalde GA, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. Production of bioemulsifying compounds from Phoma dimorpha using agroindustrial residues as additional carbon sources. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
Fang H, Li C, Zhao J, Zhao C. Biotechnological Advances and Trends in Engineering Trichoderma reesei towards Cellulase Hyperproducer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
13
|
da Silva AF, Banat IM, Giachini AJ, Robl D. Fungal biosurfactants, from nature to biotechnological product: bioprospection, production and potential applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2003-2034. [PMID: 34131819 PMCID: PMC8205652 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are in demand by the global market as natural commodities that can be added to commercial products or use in environmental applications. These biomolecules reduce the surface/interfacial tension between fluid phases and exhibit superior stability to chemical surfactants under different physico-chemical conditions. Biotechnological production of biosurfactants is still emerging. Fungi are promising producers of these molecules with unique chemical structures, such as sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, cellobiose lipids, xylolipids, polyol lipids and hydrophobins. In this review, we aimed to contextualize concepts related to fungal biosurfactant production and its application in industry and the environment. Concepts related to the thermodynamic and physico-chemical properties of biosurfactants are presented, which allows detailed analysis of their structural and application. Promising niches for isolating biosurfactant-producing fungi are presented, as well as screening methodologies are discussed. Finally, strategies related to process parameters and variables, simultaneous production, process optimization through statistical and genetic tools, downstream processing and some aspects of commercial products formulations are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Admir José Giachini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Soerjawinata W, Schlegel K, Fuchs N, Schüffler A, Schirmeister T, Ulber R, Kampeis P. Applicability of a single-use bioreactor compared to a glass bioreactor for the fermentation of filamentous fungi and evaluation of the reproducibility of growth in pellet form. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:324-339. [PMID: 33976605 PMCID: PMC8092982 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of single-use technologies offers several major advantages, e.g. prevention of cross-contamination, especially when spore-forming microorganisms are present. This study investigated the application of a single-use bioreactor in batch fermentation of filamentous fungus Penicillium sp. (IBWF 040-09) from the Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), which is capable of intracellular production of a protease inhibitor against parasitic proteases as a secondary metabolite. Several modifications to the SU bioreactor were suggested in this study to allow the fermentation in which the fungus forms pellets. Simultaneously, fermentations in conventional glass bioreactor were also conducted as reference. Although there are significant differences in the construction material and gassing system, the similarity of the two types of bioreactors in terms of fungal metabolic activity and the reproducibility of fermentations could be demonstrated using statistic methods. Under the selected cultivation conditions, growth rate, yield coefficient, substrate uptake rate, and formation of intracellular protease-inhibiting substance in the single-use bioreactor were similar to those in the glass bioreactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winda Soerjawinata
- Institute for Biotechnical Process DesignTrier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus BirkenfeldHoppstädten‐WeiersbachGermany
| | - Konstantin Schlegel
- Institute for Biotechnical Process DesignTrier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus BirkenfeldHoppstädten‐WeiersbachGermany
| | - Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Anja Schüffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff‐Forschung gGmbH (IBWF)MainzGermany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Percy Kampeis
- Institute for Biotechnical Process DesignTrier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus BirkenfeldHoppstädten‐WeiersbachGermany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang J, Guan HW, Huang YY, Lai KS, Chen HY, Xue H, Zhang BB. Evaluating the effects of microparticle addition on mycelial morphology, natural yellow pigments productivity, and key genes regulation in submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2503-2513. [PMID: 33755193 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Morphology plays an important role in fungal fermentation and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. One novel technique, microparticle-enhanced cultivation was successfully utilized to control the morphology of Monascus purpureus precisely and enhance the yield of yellow pigments. The production of yellow pigments increased to 554.2 U/ml when 4 g/L 5000 mesh talc added at 24 h. Field emission scanning electron microscope observation indicated that the actual effect depends on the properties of microparticle. Sharp-edged microparticles showed better stimulatory effects than smooth, round-shaped ones. Particle size analysis, scanning electron microscope, and cell integrity evaluation proved obvious morphological changes were induced by talc addition, including smaller mycelial size, rougher hyphae, and decreased cell integrity. Furthermore, the expression levels of MrpigG, MrpigD, MrpigE, and MrpigH were significantly upregulated by the addition of talc. It indicated that the microparticle could not only affect the mycelial morphology, but also influence the expression levels of key genes in biosynthetic pathway of Monascus yellow pigments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ying Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Sheng Lai
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Ying Chen
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xue
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jansen R, Küsters K, Morschett H, Wiechert W, Oldiges M. A fully automated pipeline for the dynamic at-line morphology analysis of microscale Aspergillus cultivation. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 33676585 PMCID: PMC7937226 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-021-00109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morphology, being one of the key factors influencing productivity of filamentous fungi, is of great interest during bioprocess development. With increasing demand of high-throughput phenotyping technologies for fungi due to the emergence of novel time-efficient genetic engineering technologies, workflows for automated liquid handling combined with high-throughput morphology analysis have to be developed. Results In this study, a protocol allowing for 48 parallel microbioreactor cultivations of Aspergillus carbonarius with non-invasive online signals of backscatter and dissolved oxygen was established. To handle the increased cultivation throughput, the utilized microbioreactor is integrated into a liquid handling platform. During cultivation of filamentous fungi, cell suspensions result in either viscous broths or form pellets with varying size throughout the process. Therefore, tailor-made liquid handling parameters such as aspiration/dispense height, velocity and mixing steps were optimized and validated. Development and utilization of a novel injection station enabled a workflow, where biomass samples are automatically transferred into a flow through chamber fixed under a light microscope. In combination with an automated image analysis concept, this enabled an automated morphology analysis pipeline. The workflow was tested in a first application study, where the projected biomass area was determined at two different cultivation temperatures and compared to the microbioreactor online signals. Conclusions A novel and robust workflow starting from microbioreactor cultivation, automated sample harvest and processing via liquid handling robots up to automated morphology analysis was developed. This protocol enables the determination of projected biomass areas for filamentous fungi in an automated and high-throughput manner. This measurement of morphology can be applied to describe overall pellet size distribution and heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jansen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira Küsters
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Morschett
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,Computational Systems Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boruta T, Górnicka A, Grzybowska I, Stefaniak I, Bizukojć M. Exploring the extremes: applying high concentration of yeast extract leads to drastic morphological changes and elimination of (+)-geodin and asterric acid production in Aspergillus terreus submerged cultures. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:61-71. [PMID: 33026584 PMCID: PMC7796888 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluation of morphology and secondary metabolites production in Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 cultures over a wide range of lactose and yeast extract concentrations from 0.2 up to an extremely high level of 200 g l−l. Results The morphological differences of mycelial objects were quantified with the use of morphological parameters calculated by applying the tools of digital image analysis. At 200 g l−l of yeast extract clumps and loose hyphae were recorded instead of pellets commonly observed in submerged cultures of A. terreus. Under these conditions the biosynthesis of (+)-geodin and asterric acid was totally blocked, lovastatin formation was found to be at a relatively low level and biomass production turned out to be greater than in the remaining variants, where the pelleted growth was observed. At 200 g l−l of lactose the production of lovastatin, (+)-geodin and asterric acid was visibly stimulated compared to the media containing 0.2, 2 and 20 g l−l of the sugar substrate, but at the same time no traces of butyrolactone I could be detected in the broth. Lactose at the extremely high concentration of 200 g l−l did not induce the drastic morphological changes observed in the case of 200 g l-1 of yeast extract. It was proved that at the C/N values as low as 4 and as high as 374 A. terreus not only continued to display growth but also exhibited the production of secondary metabolites. The use of cultivation media representing the equivalent C/N ratios led to different metabolic and morphological outcomes depending on the concentration of lactose and yeast extract that contributed to the given C/N value. Conclusion The extremely high concentration of yeast extract leads to marked morphological changes of A. terreus and the elimination of (+)-geodin and asterric production, while applying the excess of lactose is stimulatory in terms of lovastatin production. Electronic supplementry material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10529-020-03018-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boruta
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Górnicka
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Grzybowska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ida Stefaniak
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Bizukojć
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kowalska A, Boruta T, Bizukojć M. Performance of fungal microparticle-enhanced cultivations in stirred tank bioreactors depends on species and number of process stages. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
19
|
Luft L, Confortin TC, Todero I, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. An overview of fungal biopolymers: bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants compounds production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1059-1080. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Luft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tássia C. Confortin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Izelmar Todero
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Giovani L. Zabot
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcio A. Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Comparative evaluation of Aspergillus niger strains for endogenous pectin-depolymerization capacity and suitability for D-galacturonic acid production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1549-1560. [PMID: 32328731 PMCID: PMC7378126 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pectinaceous agricultural residues rich in D-galacturonic acid (D-GalA), such as sugar beet pulp, are considered as promising feedstocks for waste-to-value conversions. Aspergillus niger is known for its strong pectinolytic activity. However, while specialized strains for production of citric acid or proteins are well characterized, this is not the case for the production of pectinases. We, therefore, systematically compared the pectinolytic capabilities of six A. niger strains (ATCC 1015, ATCC 11414, NRRL 3122, CBS 513.88, NRRL 3, and N402) using controlled batch cultivations in stirred-tank bioreactors. A. niger ATCC 11414 showed the highest polygalacturonase activity, specific protein secretion, and a suitable morphology. Furthermore, D-GalA release from sugar beet pulp was 75% higher compared to the standard lab strain A. niger N402. Our study, therefore, presents a robust initial strain selection to guide future process improvement of D-GalA production from agricultural residues and identifies a high-performance base strain for further genetic optimizations.
Collapse
|
21
|
Schrader M, Pommerehne K, Wolf S, Finke B, Schilde C, Kampen I, Lichtenegger T, Krull R, Kwade A. Design of a CFD-DEM-based method for mechanical stress calculation and its application to glass bead-enhanced cultivations of filamentous Lentzea aerocolonigenes. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Sponchiado R, Sorrentino JM, Olegário N, Oliveira SS, Cordenonsi LM, Silveira GP, Fuentefria AM, Mendez ASL, Steppe M, Garcia CV. Microbial transformation of ambrisentan to its glycosides by Cunninghamella elegans. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4496. [PMID: 30663135 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe the glycosylation of ambrisentan (AMB) by cultures of Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245. AMB is an endothelin receptor antagonist, which is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Filamentous fungi are morphologically complex and may exhibit different forms depending on the species and the nature of the culture medium. A biotransformation study was conducted to investigate the ability of C. elegans to metabolize AMB. Parameters were optimized by testing on different culture media and concentrations, pH, drug concentration, static and shaking conditions. Ambrisentan's metabolite, obtained after 240 h of incubation as a result of glycosylation pathway, was separated by HPLC and determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method showed linearity over 300-1000 μg mL-1 (r = 0.998). Accuracy, precision, robustness and stability studies agree with international guidelines. Results are consistent in accordance with the principles of green chemistry as the experimental conditions had a low environmental impact, and used little solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Sponchiado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Medeiros Sorrentino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Olegário
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Sendy Sales Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Leticia Malgarim Cordenonsi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pozza Silveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Andreas S L Mendez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Martin Steppe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Cássia V Garcia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Metabolic flux analysis linked to complex raw materials as tool for bioprocess improvement. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Karahalil E, Coban HB, Turhan I. A current approach to the control of filamentous fungal growth in media: microparticle enhanced cultivation technique. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:192-201. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1531821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Karahalil
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bugra Coban
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Turhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Linnakoski R, Reshamwala D, Veteli P, Cortina-Escribano M, Vanhanen H, Marjomäki V. Antiviral Agents From Fungi: Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2325. [PMID: 30333807 PMCID: PMC6176074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most common diseases affecting people worldwide. New viruses emerge all the time and presently we have limited number of vaccines and only few antivirals to combat viral diseases. Fungi represent a vast source of bioactive molecules, which could potentially be used as antivirals in the future. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of fungi as producers of antiviral compounds and discuss their potential applications. In particular, we have investigated how the antiviral action has been assessed and what is known about the molecular mechanisms and actual targets. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of accurate fungal species identification on antiviral and other natural products studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pyry Veteli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vanhanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kosa G, Vuoristo KS, Horn SJ, Zimmermann B, Afseth NK, Kohler A, Shapaval V. Assessment of the scalability of a microtiter plate system for screening of oleaginous microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4915-4925. [PMID: 29644428 PMCID: PMC5954000 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in molecular biology and metabolic engineering have resulted in a large increase in the number of strains that need to be tested, positioning high-throughput screening of microorganisms as an important step in bioprocess development. Scalability is crucial for performing reliable screening of microorganisms. Most of the scalability studies from microplate screening systems to controlled stirred-tank bioreactors have been performed so far with unicellular microorganisms. We have compared cultivation of industrially relevant oleaginous filamentous fungi and microalga in a Duetz-microtiter plate system to benchtop and pre-pilot bioreactors. Maximal glucose consumption rate, biomass concentration, lipid content of the biomass, biomass, and lipid yield values showed good scalability for Mucor circinelloides (less than 20% differences) and Mortierella alpina (less than 30% differences) filamentous fungi. Maximal glucose consumption and biomass production rates were identical for Crypthecodinium cohnii in microtiter plate and benchtop bioreactor. Most likely due to shear stress sensitivity of this microalga in stirred bioreactor, biomass concentration and lipid content of biomass were significantly higher in the microtiter plate system than in the benchtop bioreactor. Still, fermentation results obtained in the Duetz-microtiter plate system for Crypthecodinium cohnii are encouraging compared to what has been reported in literature. Good reproducibility (coefficient of variation less than 15% for biomass growth, glucose consumption, lipid content, and pH) were achieved in the Duetz-microtiter plate system for Mucor circinelloides and Crypthecodinium cohnii. Mortierella alpina cultivation reproducibility might be improved with inoculation optimization. In conclusion, we have presented suitability of the Duetz-microtiter plate system for the reproducible, scalable, and cost-efficient high-throughput screening of oleaginous microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kosa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Kiira S Vuoristo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morphological regulation of Aspergillus niger to improve citric acid production by chsC gene silencing. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1029-1038. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
28
|
Laccase production in bioreactor scale under saline condition by the marine-derived basidiomycete Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:302-309. [PMID: 29665956 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Laccase production in saline conditions is still poorly studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the production of laccase in two different types of bioreactors by the marine-derived basidiomycete Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063. The highest laccase activity and productivity were obtained in the Stirred Tank (ST) bioreactor, while the highest biomass concentration in Air-lift (AL) bioreactor. The main laccase produced was purified by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography and appeared to be monomeric with molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. The optimum oxidation activity was obtained at pH 5.0. The thermal stability of the enzyme ranged from 30 to 50 °C (120 min). The Far-UV Circular Dichroism revealed the presence of high β-sheet and low α-helical conformation in the protein structure. Additional experiments carried out in flask scale showed that the marine-derived fungus was able to produce laccase only in the presence of artificial seawater and copper sulfate. Results from the present study confirmed the fungal adaptation to marine conditions and its potential for being used in saline environments and/or processes.
Collapse
|
29
|
Linnakoski R, Reshamwala D, Veteli P, Cortina-Escribano M, Vanhanen H, Marjomäki V. Antiviral Agents From Fungi: Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 30333807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02325/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most common diseases affecting people worldwide. New viruses emerge all the time and presently we have limited number of vaccines and only few antivirals to combat viral diseases. Fungi represent a vast source of bioactive molecules, which could potentially be used as antivirals in the future. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of fungi as producers of antiviral compounds and discuss their potential applications. In particular, we have investigated how the antiviral action has been assessed and what is known about the molecular mechanisms and actual targets. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of accurate fungal species identification on antiviral and other natural products studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pyry Veteli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vanhanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kosa G, Zimmermann B, Kohler A, Ekeberg D, Afseth NK, Mounier J, Shapaval V. High-throughput screening of Mucoromycota fungi for production of low- and high-value lipids. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:66. [PMID: 29563969 PMCID: PMC5851148 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucoromycota fungi are important producers of low- and high-value lipids. Mortierella alpina is used for arachidonic acid production at industrial scale. In addition, oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi are promising candidates for biodiesel production. A critical step in the development of such biotechnological applications is the selection of suitable strains for lipid production. The aim of the present study was to use the Duetz-microtiter plate system combined with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for high-throughput screening of the potential of 100 Mucoromycota strains to produce low- and high-value lipids. RESULTS With this reproducible, high-throughput method, we found several promising strains for high-value omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and biodiesel production purposes. Gamma-linolenic acid content was the highest in Mucor fragilis UBOCC-A-109196 (24.5% of total fatty acids), and Cunninghamella echinulata VKM F-470 (24.0%). For the first time, we observed concomitant gamma-linolenic acid and alpha-linolenic acid (up to 13.0%) production in psychrophilic Mucor flavus strains. Arachidonic acid was present the highest amount in M. alpina ATCC 32222 (41.1% of total fatty acids). Low cultivation temperature (15 °C) activated the temperature sensitive ∆17 desaturase enzyme in Mortierella spp., resulting in eicosapentaenoic acid production with up to 11.0% of total fatty acids in M. humilis VKM F-1494. Cunninghamella blakesleeana CCM-705, Umbelopsis vinacea CCM F-539 and UBOCC-A-101347 showed very good growth (23-26 g/L) and lipid production (7.0-8.3 g/L) with high palmitic and oleic acid, and low PUFA content, which makes them attractive candidates for biodiesel production. Absidia glauca CCM 451 had the highest total lipid content (47.2% of biomass) of all tested strains. We also demonstrated the potential of FTIR spectroscopy for high-throughput screening of total lipid content of oleaginous fungi. CONCLUSIONS The use of Duetz-microtiter plate system combined with FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis, is a feasible approach for high-throughput screening of lipid production in Mucoromycota fungi. Several promising strains have been identified by this method for the production of high-value PUFA and biodiesel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kosa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Ekeberg
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Jerome Mounier
- Université de Brest, EA3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huth I, Schrader J, Holtmann D. Microtiter plate-based cultivation to investigate the growth of filamentous fungi. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:1064-1070. [PMID: 32624733 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscale bioprocessing techniques are rapidly emerging as a means to increase the speed of bioprocess design and to reduce material consumption. However, there is still a lack of suitable parallelized techniques to investigate the industrially important group of filamentous bacteria and fungi. Cultivation of filamentous organisms in shake flasks is still the favored technique for comparing and optimizing cultivation conditions of production strains at mL-scale. In this paper, the application of a microtiter plate-based cultivation system in combination with the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger was investigated. A protocol for reproducible cultivation was developed and evaluated. Productivity of A. niger concerning the rose-like aroma compound 2-phenylethanol showed low standard deviations while regular and consistent morphologies appeared in the parallelized system. Furthermore, the effect of addition of microparticles on the morphology was investigated. The results can be used to accelerate the process development with A. niger and other filamentous organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Huth
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jens Schrader
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut Frankfurt am Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morales‐Oyervides L, Oliveira JC, Sousa‐Gallagher MJ, Méndez‐Zavala A, Montañez JC. Selection of best conditions of inoculum preparation for optimum performance of the pigment production process by
Talaromyces
spp. using the Taguchi method. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:621-632. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Morales‐Oyervides
- Process & Chemical Engineering, School of EngineeringUniversity College CorkCork Ireland
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltillo Coahuila México
| | - Jorge C. Oliveira
- Process & Chemical Engineering, School of EngineeringUniversity College CorkCork Ireland
| | | | | | - Julio C. Montañez
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltillo Coahuila México
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mears L, Stocks SM, Albaek MO, Cassells B, Sin G, Gernaey KV. A novel model-based control strategy for aerobic filamentous fungal fed-batch fermentation processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1459-1468. [PMID: 28240344 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel model-based control strategy has been developed for filamentous fungal fed-batch fermentation processes. The system of interest is a pilot scale (550 L) filamentous fungus process operating at Novozymes A/S. In such processes, it is desirable to maximize the total product achieved in a batch in a defined process time. In order to achieve this goal, it is important to maximize both the product concentration, and also the total final mass in the fed-batch system. To this end, we describe the development of a control strategy which aims to achieve maximum tank fill, while avoiding oxygen limited conditions. This requires a two stage approach: (i) calculation of the tank start fill; and (ii) on-line control in order to maximize fill subject to oxygen transfer limitations. First, a mechanistic model was applied off-line in order to determine the appropriate start fill for processes with four different sets of process operating conditions for the stirrer speed, headspace pressure, and aeration rate. The start fills were tested with eight pilot scale experiments using a reference process operation. An on-line control strategy was then developed, utilizing the mechanistic model which is recursively updated using on-line measurements. The model was applied in order to predict the current system states, including the biomass concentration, and to simulate the expected future trajectory of the system until a specified end time. In this way, the desired feed rate is updated along the progress of the batch taking into account the oxygen mass transfer conditions and the expected future trajectory of the mass. The final results show that the target fill was achieved to within 5% under the maximum fill when tested using eight pilot scale batches, and over filling was avoided. The results were reproducible, unlike the reference experiments which show over 10% variation in the final tank fill, and this also includes over filling. The variance of the final tank fill is reduced by over 74%, meaning that it is possible to target the final maximum fill reproducibly. The product concentration achieved at a given set of process conditions was unaffected by the control strategy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1459-1468. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mears
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Gürkan Sin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
HARDY N, MOREAUD M, GUILLAUME D, AUGIER F, NIENOW A, BÉAL C, BEN CHAABANE F. Advanced digital image analysis method dedicated to the characterization of the morphology of filamentous fungus. J Microsc 2017; 266:126-140. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. HARDY
- IFP Energies nouvelles; 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison France
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
- UMR 782 AgroParisTech INRA; Thiverval-Grignon France
| | - M. MOREAUD
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - D. GUILLAUME
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - F. AUGIER
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - A. NIENOW
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham U.K
| | - C. BÉAL
- UMR 782 AgroParisTech INRA; Thiverval-Grignon France
| | - F. BEN CHAABANE
- IFP Energies nouvelles; 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wolters N, Schabronath C, Schembecker G, Merz J. Efficient conversion of pretreated brewer's spent grain and wheat bran by submerged cultivation of Hericium erinaceus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:123-129. [PMID: 27716564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) and wheat bran (WB) are industrial byproducts that accumulate in millions of tons per year and are typically applied as animal feed. Since both byproducts show a great potential as substrates for fermentation, the approach developed in this study consists of utilizing these lignocellulosic byproducts for biomass production of the medicinal fungus Hericium erinaceus through submerged cultivation. To increase the biological efficiency of the bioconversion, acidic pretreatment was applied yielding a bioconversion of 38.6% for pretreated BSG and 34.8% for pretreated WB. This study shows that the complete degradation of (hemi)cellulose into monosaccharides was not required for an efficient bioconversion. The produced fungal biomass was applied in a second fermentation step to induce the secondary metabolite erinacine C production. Thus, biomass was produced as a functional food ingredient with erinacine C contents of 174.8mg/g for BSG and 99.3mg/g for WB based bioconversions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Wolters
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Schabronath
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schembecker
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Juliane Merz
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang B, Chen J, Li H, Sun F, Li Y, Shi G. Pellet-dispersion strategy to simplify the seed cultivation of Aspergillus niger and optimize citric acid production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:45-53. [PMID: 27573803 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Citric acid (CA) as an extremely important platform compound has attracted intense attention due to wide applications and huge markets. Here, we proposed a novel method, using pellet inoculation to replace spores, and constructed the seed recycling cultivation process, effectively avoided the longtime (spore preparation 30 days) of seed culture (including spores germination 12 h) in the traditional batch-fermentation. On this basis, using pellet-dispersion strategy, the bottleneck caused by the mycelium structure was overcome, with the seed restoring high cell-viability with CA titer (11.0 g/L) even in the eighth batch compared to that in the control (4.6 g/L). The optimum morphology of these recycling cultured seeds for CA production was dispersed pattern rather than pellets. And the CA production was 130.5 g/L on average in 5 L five-conjoined-fermenters recycling eight batches, especially increasing 3.1 g/L compared with the control. To our knowledge, this is the first that reported the application of these strategies in effective production of CA. Our fermentation strategies not only significantly enhanced CA productivity, but also severed as a promising stepping-stone for other fermentations dominated with the filamentous fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoshi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Guoxin Union Energy Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214203, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hua Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fuxin Sun
- Jiangsu Guoxin Union Energy Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214203, China
| | - Youran Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Silber J, Kramer A, Labes A, Tasdemir D. From Discovery to Production: Biotechnology of Marine Fungi for the Production of New Antibiotics. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14070137. [PMID: 27455283 PMCID: PMC4962027 DOI: 10.3390/md14070137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are well known for their capability of producing antibiotic natural products. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of antimicrobials with vast chemodiversity from marine fungi. Development of such natural products into lead compounds requires sustainable supply. Marine biotechnology can significantly contribute to the production of new antibiotics at various levels of the process chain including discovery, production, downstream processing, and lead development. However, the number of biotechnological processes described for large-scale production from marine fungi is far from the sum of the newly-discovered natural antibiotics. Methods and technologies applied in marine fungal biotechnology largely derive from analogous terrestrial processes and rarely reflect the specific demands of the marine fungi. The current developments in metabolic engineering and marine microbiology are not yet transferred into processes, but offer numerous options for improvement of production processes and establishment of new process chains. This review summarises the current state in biotechnological production of marine fungal antibiotics and points out the enormous potential of biotechnology in all stages of the discovery-to-development pipeline. At the same time, the literature survey reveals that more biotechnology transfer and method developments are needed for a sustainable and innovative production of marine fungal antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Silber
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Kramer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
| | - Antje Labes
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, Kiel 24118, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Genome of Diaporthe sp. provides insights into the potential inter-phylum transfer of a fungal sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:1050-1063. [PMID: 27521636 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have highly active secondary metabolic pathways which enable them to produce a wealth of sesquiterpenoids that are bioactive. One example is Δ6-protoilludene, the precursor to the cytotoxic illudins, which are pharmaceutically relevant as anticancer therapeutics. To date, this valuable sesquiterpene has only been identified in members of the fungal division Basidiomycota. To explore the untapped potential of fungi belonging to the division Ascomycota in producing Δ6-protoilludene, we isolated a fungal endophyte Diaporthe sp. BR109 and show that it produces a diversity of terpenoids including Δ6-protoilludene. Using a genome sequencing and mining approach 17 putative novel sesquiterpene synthases were identified in Diaporthe sp. BR109. A phylogenetic approach was used to predict which gene encodes Δ6-protoilludene synthase, which was then confirmed experimentally. These analyses reveal that the sesquiterpene synthase and its putative sesquiterpene scaffold modifying cytochrome P450(s) may have been acquired by inter-phylum horizontal gene transfer from Basidiomycota to Ascomycota. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that inter-phylum transfer of these minimal sequiterpenoid secondary metabolic pathways may have occurred in other fungi. This work provides insights into the evolution of fungal sesquiterpenoid secondary metabolic pathways in the production of pharmaceutically relevant bioactive natural products.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lü B, Yang X, Feng X, Li C. Enhanced production of glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide by fed-batch fermentation using pH and dissolved oxygen as feedback parameters. Chin J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
40
|
|
41
|
Enhanced production of β-glucuronidase from Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3 by optimizing fermentation and downstream processes. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
42
|
Walisko R, Moench-Tegeder J, Blotenberg J, Wucherpfennig T, Krull R. The Taming of the Shrew--Controlling the Morphology of Filamentous Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:1-27. [PMID: 25796624 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most sensitive process characteristics in the cultivation of filamentous biological systems is their complex morphology. In submerged cultures, the observed macroscopic morphology of filamentous microorganisms varies from freely dispersed mycelium to dense spherical pellets consisting of a more or less dense, branched and partially intertwined network of hyphae. Recently, the freely dispersed mycelium form has been in high demand for submerged cultivation because this morphology enhances the growth and production of several valuable products. A distinct filamentous morphology and productivity are influenced by the environment and can be controlled by inoculum concentration, spore viability, pH value, cultivation temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, medium composition, mechanical stress or process mode as well as through the addition of inorganic salts or microparticles, which provides the opportunity to tailor a filamentous morphology. The suitable morphology for a given bioprocess varies depending on the desired product. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of each morphological type should be carefully evaluated for every biological system. Because of the high industrial relevance of filamentous microorganisms, research in previous years has aimed at the development of tools and techniques to characterise their growth and obtain quantitative estimates of their morphological properties. The focus of this review is on current advances in the characterisation and control of filamentous morphology with a separation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. Furthermore, recent strategies to tailor the morphology through classical biochemical process parameters, morphology and genetic engineering to optimise the productivity of these filamentous systems are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Walisko
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
Imaging Flow Cytometry and High-Throughput Microscopy for Automated Macroscopic Morphological Analysis of Filamentous Fungi. Fungal Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10503-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
46
|
Goldrick S, Ştefan A, Lovett D, Montague G, Lennox B. The development of an industrial-scale fed-batch fermentation simulation. J Biotechnol 2015; 193:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Quintanilla D, Hagemann T, Hansen K, Gernaey KV. Fungal Morphology in Industrial Enzyme Production--Modelling and Monitoring. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:29-54. [PMID: 25724310 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are widely used in the biotechnology industry for the production of industrial enzymes. Thus, considerable work has been done with the purpose of characterizing these processes. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to be able to control and predict fermentation performance on the basis of "standardized" measurements in terms of morphology, rheology, viscosity, mass transfer and productivity. However, because the variables are connected or dependent on each other, this task is not trivial. The aim of this review article is to gather available information in order to explain the interconnectivity between the different variables in submerged fermentations. An additional factor which makes the characterization of a fermentation broth even more challenging is that the data obtained are also dependent on the way they have been collected-meaning which technologies or probes have been used, and on the way the data is interpreted-i.e. which models were applied. The main filamentous fungi used in industrial fermentation are introduced, ranging from Trichoderma reesei to Aspergillus species. Due to the fact that secondary metabolites, like antibiotics, are not to be considered bulk products, organisms like e.g. Penicillium chrysogenum are just briefly touched upon for the description of some characterization techniques. The potential for development of different morphological phenotypes is discussed as well, also in view of what this could mean to productivity and-equally important-the collection of the data. An overview of the state of the art techniques for morphology characterization is provided, discussing methods that finally can be employed as the computational power has grown sufficiently in the recent years. Image analysis (IA) clearly benefits most but it also means that methods like near infrared measurement (NIR), capacitance and on-line viscosity now provide potential alternatives as powerful tools for characterizing morphology. These measuring techniques, and to some extent their combination, allow obtaining the data necessary for supporting the creation of mathematical models describing the fermentation process. An important part of this article will indeed focus on describing the different models, and on discussing their importance to fermentations of filamentous fungi in general. The main conclusion is that it has not yet been attempted to develop an overarching model that spans across strains and scales, as most studies indeed conclude that their respective results might be strain specific and not necessarily valid across scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quintanilla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Buttarello LB, dos Santos AZ, de Mello Innocentini MD, Lourenço MV. Bioproduction and extraction of jasmonates. BMC Proc 2014. [PMCID: PMC4210758 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-8-s4-p201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
49
|
|
50
|
dos Santos AZ, Araujo Leite VL, Mello Innocentini MDD, Lourenço MV. Evaluation of process parameters in the production of jasmonic acid. BMC Proc 2014. [PMCID: PMC4210810 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-8-s4-p244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|