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Chandrasekhar T, Reddy PCO, Swapna B, Veeranjaneya Reddy L, Anuprasanna V, Dakshayani L, Ramachandra Reddy P, Reddy MC. Algae: the game-changers in biohydrogen sector. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39142834 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2387176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Biohydrogen (H2) is an efficient form of renewable energy generated from various biological organisms. Specifically, primitive plants such as algae which are photosynthetic organisms can produce several commercial products, including biofuels due to their simple form, short life span, efficient photosynthetic capacity, and ability to grow in non-potable water sources. But these algae are often neglected and considered waste. Several studies have revealed the importance and role of algal species in generating biofuels, especially biohydrogen. Considerable research has been conducted in order to understand hydrogen production from algal sources. This review emphasizes the photolysis of water-based hydrogen production in algae apart from the metabolites fermentation process. The influence of physico-chemical factors, including oxygen scavengers, nanoparticles, and hydrogenases, was highlighted in this review to enhance H2 production from algal species. Also, several algal species used for hydrogen production are summarized in detail. Overall, this review intends to summarize the developments in hydrogen production from algal species keeping in view of excellent prospects. This knowledge certainly would provide a good opportunity for the industrial production of hydrogen using algal species, which is one of the most concerned areas in the energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Battana Swapna
- Department of Botany, Vikrama Simhapuri University College, Kavali, India
| | | | | | - Lomada Dakshayani
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | | | - Madhava C Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
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2
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Li W, Yao Y, Qin H, Fan X, Zhang X, Liu M, Ma W. Synergistic enhancement of pulsed light-induced H 2 photoproduction in Chlamydomonas cells by optimal sulfite concentration and light waveform. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112962. [PMID: 38917720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Pulsed light illumination stands out as a noteworthy technique for photosynthetic H2 production, playing a crucial role in eliminating O2 and activating hydrogenase enzymes. However, further improvements are essential to make H2 photoproduction suitable for future commercial applications. In our study, we observed a distinct enhancement in pulsed light-induced H2 photoproduction in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii when treated with the optimal concentration of the mild O2 scavenger Na2SO3. This improvement was a result of reduced O2 content, increased hydrogenase enzyme activity, and suppressed H2-uptake activity. Furthermore, our findings indicate that exposing Na2SO3-treated C. reinhardtii to optimal light waveform continues to significantly boost pulsed light-induced H2 photoproduction, attributed to the alleviation of impaired photosystem II activity. Altogether, the combined application of optimal sulfite concentration and light waveform effectively enhances pulsed light-induced photosynthetic H2 production in the green alga C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 6 Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Ye Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 6 Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Xuewei Fan
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 6 Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 6 Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China; Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 6 Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China; Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weimin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Milrad Y, Mosebach L, Buchert F. Regulation of Microalgal Photosynthetic Electron Transfer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2103. [PMID: 39124221 PMCID: PMC11314055 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The global ecosystem relies on the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms, featuring the ability to harness light as an energy source. The most successful type of photosynthesis utilizes a virtually inexhaustible electron pool from water, but the driver of this oxidation, sunlight, varies on time and intensity scales of several orders of magnitude. Such rapid and steep changes in energy availability are potentially devastating for biological systems. To enable a safe and efficient light-harnessing process, photosynthetic organisms tune their light capturing, the redox connections between core complexes and auxiliary electron mediators, ion passages across the membrane, and functional coupling of energy transducing organelles. Here, microalgal species are the most diverse group, featuring both unique environmental adjustment strategies and ubiquitous protective mechanisms. In this review, we explore a selection of regulatory processes of the microalgal photosynthetic apparatus supporting smooth electron flow in variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Milrad
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Buchert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
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Milrad Y, Nagy V, Elman T, Fadeeva M, Tóth SZ, Yacoby I. A PSII photosynthetic control is activated in anoxic cultures of green algae following illumination. Commun Biol 2023; 6:514. [PMID: 37173420 PMCID: PMC10182038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic hydrogen production from microalgae is considered to have potential as a renewable energy source. Yet, the process has two main limitations holding it back from scaling up; (i) electron loss to competing processes, mainly carbon fixation and (ii) sensitivity to O2 which diminishes the expression and the activity of the hydrogenase enzyme catalyzing H2 production. Here we report a third, hitherto unknown challenge: We found that under anoxia, a slow-down switch is activated in photosystem II (PSII), diminishing the maximal photosynthetic productivity by three-fold. Using purified PSII and applying in vivo spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures, we show that this switch is activated under anoxia, within 10 s of illumination. Furthermore, we show that the recovery to the initial rate takes place following 15 min of dark anoxia, and propose a mechanism in which, modulation in electron transfer at the acceptor site of PSII diminishes its output. Such insights into the mechanism broaden our understanding of anoxic photosynthesis and its regulation in green algae and inspire new strategies to improve bio-energy yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Milrad
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Valéria Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamar Elman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Maria Fadeeva
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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5
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Abstract
H2 production from green-microalgae, for energy purposes, is the ultimate goal of large-scale production. Here, we present a two-phase protocol for hydrogen production assay under ambient conditions using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which eliminates steps used previously, including centrifugation and resuspension with sulfur-deprived media. We detail steps for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture, acetate supply replenishment, anaerobic induction, and H2 quantification. This protocol enables large-scale experiments in an easy and cost-effective method while maintaining cells vital, crucial factors for transition to industrial scales. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Elman et al. (2022). 2-step protocol for ambient hydrogen production in green algae Detailed culture steps of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Acetate supply via addition of glacial acetic acid as a carbon source H2 production assay without centrifugation or sulfur-deprivation requirements
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Elman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Ho TTH, Schwier C, Elman T, Fleuter V, Zinzius K, Scholz M, Yacoby I, Buchert F, Hippler M. Photosystem I light-harvesting proteins regulate photosynthetic electron transfer and hydrogen production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:329-343. [PMID: 35157085 PMCID: PMC9070821 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear electron flow (LEF) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) compete for light-driven electrons transferred from the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI). Under anoxic conditions, such highly reducing electrons also could be used for hydrogen (H2) production via electron transfer between ferredoxin and hydrogenase in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Partitioning between LEF and CEF is regulated through PROTON-GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5). There is evidence that partitioning of electrons also could be mediated via PSI remodeling processes. This plasticity is linked to the dynamics of PSI-associated light-harvesting proteins (LHCAs) LHCA2 and LHCA9. These two unique light-harvesting proteins are distinct from all other LHCAs because they are loosely bound at the PSAL pole. Here, we investigated photosynthetic electron transfer and H2 production in single, double, and triple mutants deficient in PGR5, LHCA2, and LHCA9. Our data indicate that lhca2 and lhca9 mutants are efficient in photosynthetic electron transfer, that LHCA2 impacts the pgr5 phenotype, and that pgr5/lhca2 is a potent H2 photo-producer. In addition, pgr5/lhca2 and pgr5/lhca9 mutants displayed substantially different H2 photo-production kinetics. This indicates that the absence of LHCA2 or LHCA9 impacts H2 photo-production independently, despite both being attached at the PSAL pole, pointing to distinct regulatory capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hoai Ho
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Chris Schwier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Tamar Elman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vera Fleuter
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Karen Zinzius
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Felix Buchert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
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Chen J, Li Y, Li M, Shi J, Wang L, Luo S, Liu H. Chemical Flocculation-Based Green Algae Materials for Photobiological Hydrogen Production. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:897-903. [PMID: 35080839 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Photobiological hydrogen production is among the most promising ways toward the mass production of hydrogen energy. The use of green algal aggregates to produce photobiological hydrogen has attracted much attention because it overcomes the limitations of sulfur deprivation and oxygen scavengers. However, the current preparation of green algal aggregates that are capable of hydrogen production is time-consuming and laborious, leading to a difficulty in large-scale applications. Here, we demonstrated that the chemical flocculation of green algae is able to generate aggregates for photobiological hydrogen production. We find that Chlorella pyrenoidosa can directly form aggregates in the original liquid cultures by a commercial chemical flocculant, cationic etherified starch, thereby achieving sustainable hydrogen production for 11 days under continuous light irradiation, and the average rate of photobiological production reaches 0.37 μmol H2 (mg chlorophyll·h)-1. This research provides a feasible approach for preparing a low-cost photobiological hydrogen production system helping to realize carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiye Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of Traumatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Optogenetic approaches in biotechnology and biomaterials. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:858-874. [PMID: 35031132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genetic engineering, combined with the development of optical technologies, have allowed optogenetics to broaden its area of possible applications in recent years. However, the application of optogenetic tools in industry, including biotechnology and the production of biomaterials, is still limited, because each practical task requires the engineering of a specific optogenetic system. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of optogenetic tools in the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals, the synthesis of biomedical and polymer materials, and plant agrobiology. We also offer a comprehensive analysis of the properties and industrial applicability of light-controlled and other smart biomaterials. These data allow us to outline the prospects for the future use of optogenetics in bioindustry.
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Milrad Y, Schweitzer S, Feldman Y, Yacoby I. Bi-directional electron transfer between H2 and NADPH mitigates light fluctuation responses in green algae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:168-179. [PMID: 33793951 PMCID: PMC8154092 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of green algae has been the focus of much research over the last century. These photosynthetic organisms can thrive under various conditions and adapt quickly to changing environments by concomitant usage of several metabolic apparatuses. The main electron coordinator in their chloroplasts, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), participates in many enzymatic activities and is also responsible for inter-organellar communication. Under anaerobic conditions, green algae also accumulate molecular hydrogen (H2), a promising alternative for fossil fuels. However, to scale-up its accumulation, a firm understanding of its integration in the photosynthetic apparatus is still required. While it is generally accepted that NADPH metabolism correlates to H2 accumulation, the mechanism of this collaboration is still vague and relies on indirect measurements. Here, we investigated this connection in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using simultaneous measurements of both dissolved gases concentration, NADPH fluorescence and electrochromic shifts at 520-546 nm. Our results indicate that energy transfer between H2 and NADPH is bi-directional and crucial for the maintenance of redox balance under light fluctuations. At light onset, NADPH consumption initially eventuates in H2 evolution, which initiates the photosynthetic electron flow. Later on, as illumination continues the majority of NADPH is diverted to the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Dark onset triggers re-assimilation of H2, which produces NADPH and so, enables initiation of dark fermentative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Milrad
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shira Schweitzer
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yael Feldman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Author for communication: (I.Y.)
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Chen J, Li Q, Wang L, Fan C, Liu H. Advances in Whole‐Cell Photobiological Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Bioimaging Center Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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Burlacot A, Burlacot F, Li-Beisson Y, Peltier G. Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Tool for Algal Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1302. [PMID: 33013952 PMCID: PMC7500362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the first great oxygenation event, photosynthetic microorganisms have continuously shaped the Earth's atmosphere. Studying biological mechanisms involved in the interaction between microalgae and cyanobacteria with the Earth's atmosphere requires the monitoring of gas exchange. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) has been developed in the early 1960s to study gas exchange mechanisms of photosynthetic cells. It has since played an important role in investigating various cellular processes that involve gaseous compounds (O2, CO2, NO, or H2) and in characterizing enzymatic activities in vitro or in vivo. With the development of affordable mass spectrometers, MIMS is gaining wide popularity and is now used by an increasing number of laboratories. However, it still requires an important theory and practical considerations to be used. Here, we provide a practical guide describing the current technical basis of a MIMS setup and the general principles of data processing. We further review how MIMS can be used to study various aspects of algal research and discuss how MIMS will be useful in addressing future scientific challenges.
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Jokel M, Nagy V, Tóth SZ, Kosourov S, Allahverdiyeva Y. Elimination of the flavodiiron electron sink facilitates long-term H 2 photoproduction in green algae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:280. [PMID: 31827608 PMCID: PMC6894204 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of renewable and sustainable biofuels to cover the future energy demand is one of the most challenging issues of our time. Biohydrogen, produced by photosynthetic microorganisms, has the potential to become a green biofuel and energy carrier for the future sustainable world, since it provides energy without CO2 emission. The recent development of two alternative protocols to induce hydrogen photoproduction in green algae enables the function of the O2-sensitive [FeFe]-hydrogenases, located at the acceptor side of photosystem I, to produce H2 for several days. These protocols prevent carbon fixation and redirect electrons toward H2 production. In the present work, we employed these protocols to a knockout Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant lacking flavodiiron proteins (FDPs), thus removing another possible electron competitor with H2 production. RESULTS The deletion of the FDP electron sink resulted in the enhancement of H2 photoproduction relative to wild-type C. reinhardtii. Additionally, the lack of FDPs leads to a more effective obstruction of carbon fixation even under elongated light pulses. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the rather simple adjustment of cultivation conditions together with genetic manipulation of alternative electron pathways of photosynthesis results in efficient re-routing of electrons toward H2 photoproduction. Furthermore, the introduction of a short recovery phase by regular switching from H2 photoproduction to biomass accumulation phase allows to maintain cell fitness and use photosynthetic cells as long-term H2-producing biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jokel
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Valéria Nagy
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Szilvia Z. Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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