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Cuquetto‐Leite L, Barbosa A, Salles FF, Mancini KC. Sperm Ultrastructure of corydalid
Corydalus diasi
Navás (Megaloptera, Neuropterida, Insecta) with phylogenetic considerations. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Cuquetto‐Leite
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Campinas State University (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa
- Department of Agrarian and Biological Sciences Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) São Mateus Espírito Santo Brazil
| | | | - Karina Carvalho Mancini
- Department of Agrarian and Biological Sciences Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) São Mateus Espírito Santo Brazil
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Chaaban S, Brouhard GJ. A microtubule bestiary: structural diversity in tubulin polymers. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 28:2924-2931. [PMID: 29084910 PMCID: PMC5662251 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are long, slender polymers of αβ-tubulin found in all eukaryotic cells. Tubulins associate longitudinally to form protofilaments, and adjacent protofilaments associate laterally to form the microtubule. In the textbook view, microtubules are 1) composed of 13 protofilaments, 2) arranged in a radial array by the centrosome, and 3) built into the 9+2 axoneme. Although these canonical structures predominate in eukaryotes, microtubules with divergent protofilament numbers and higher-order microtubule assemblies have been discovered throughout the last century. Here we survey these noncanonical structures, from the 4-protofilament microtubules of Prosthecobacter to the 40-protofilament accessory microtubules of mantidfly sperm. We review the variety of protofilament numbers observed in different species, in different cells within the same species, and in different stages within the same cell. We describe the determinants of protofilament number, namely nucleation factors, tubulin isoforms, and posttranslational modifications. Finally, we speculate on the functional significance of these diverse polymers. Equipped with novel tubulin-purification tools, the field is now prepared to tackle the long-standing question of the evolutionary basis of microtubule structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Chaaban
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Gary J Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
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Ichikawa M, Bui KH. Microtubule Inner Proteins: A Meshwork of Luminal Proteins Stabilizing the Doublet Microtubule. Bioessays 2018; 40. [PMID: 29430673 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Motile eukaryotic cilia and flagella are hair-like organelles responsible for cell motility and mucociliary clearance. Using cryo-electron tomography, it has been shown that the doublet microtubule, the cytoskeleton core of the cilia and flagella, has microtubule inner protein structures binding periodically inside its lumen. More recently, single-particle cryo-electron microscopy analyses of isolated doublet microtubules have shown that microtubule inner proteins form a meshwork inside the doublet microtubule. High-resolution structures revealed new types of interactions between the microtubule inner proteins and the tubulin lattice. In addition, they offered insights into the potential roles of microtubule inner proteins in the stabilization and assembly of the doublet microtubule. Herein, we review our new insights into microtubule inner proteins from the doublet microtubule together with the current body of literature on microtubule inner proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
| | - Khanh Huy Bui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7.,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines (GRASP), Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
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Dallai R, Gottardo M, Beutel RG. Structure and Evolution of Insect Sperm: New Interpretations in the Age of Phylogenomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 61:1-23. [PMID: 26982436 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the structure of sperm in all orders of insects evaluates phylogenetic implications, with the background of a phylogeny based on transcriptomes. Sperm characters strongly support several major branches of the phylogeny of insects-for instance, Cercophora, Dicondylia, and Psocodea-and also different infraordinal groups. Some closely related taxa, such as Trichoptera and Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera), differ greatly in sperm structure. Sperm characters are very conservative in some groups (Heteroptera, Odonata) but highly variable in others, including Zoraptera, a small and morphologically uniform group with a tremendously accelerated rate of sperm evolution. Unusual patterns such as sperm dimorphism, the formation of bundles, or aflagellate and immotile sperm have evolved independently in several groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; ,
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; ,
| | - Rolf Georg Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
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Dallai R. Overview on spermatogenesis and sperm structure of Hexapoda. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:257-290. [PMID: 24732045 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The main characteristics of the sperm structure of Hexapoda are reported in the review. Data are dealing with the process of spermatogenesis, including the aberrant models giving rise to a reduced number of sperm cells. The sperm heteromorphism and the giant sperm exceeding the usual sperm size for length and width are considered. The characteristics of several components of a typical insect sperm are described: the plasma membrane and its glycocalyx, the nucleus, the centriole region and the centriole adjunct, the accessory bodies, the mitochondrial derivatives and the flagellar axoneme. Finally, a detailed description of the main sperm features of each hexapodan group is given with emphasis on the flagellar components considered to have great importance in phylogenetic considerations. This study may be also useful to those requiring an introduction to hexapod reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Kotrba M, Heß M. Giant spiral shaped spermatozoa of Diasemopsis comoroensis (Diptera, Diopsidae) with a unique ultrastructural component. Tissue Cell 2013; 45:443-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fujioka H, Tandler B, Haldar SM, Jain MK, Hoppel CL. String mitochondria in mouse soleus muscle. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 76:237-41. [PMID: 23174930 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Red myofibers in mouse soleus muscle have two spatially distinct populations of mitochondria: one where these organelles are disposed in large clusters just inside the sarcolemma and the other situated between the myofibrils. In most cases, the interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM), which are much smaller than the subsarcolemmal ones (SSM), are arranged as pairs, with each member on opposite sides of the Z-line. In some myofibers, the IFM have fused end-to-end to form greatly elongated organelles, which we call "string mitochondria." Although narrow, these can be many sarcomeres in length. The SSM do not form string mitochondria. Most of the string mitochondria exhibit many instances of "pinching," a process involved in mitochondrial division. Elements of sarcoplasmic reticulum are intimately involved with each mitochondrial membrane invagination. It appears as if the fusion:fission balance of IFM in the soleus muscle is slightly out of kilter, with end-to-end fusion predominating over fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Fujioka
- Electron Microscopy Facility, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Zizzari ZV, Lupetti P, Pantaleoni RA, Letardi A, Dallai R. Sperm structure of some Neuroptera and phylogenetic considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2010.497503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zizzari Z, Machida R, Tsutsumi K, Reynoso-Velasco D, Lupetti P, Dallai R. Ultrastructural studies on euspermatozoa and paraspermatozoa in Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Tissue Cell 2010; 42:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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MORITA MASAYA, SEKI SATOKO. Sperm movement and morphology in a simultaneous hermaphroditic sea slug. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2009.9652291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zizzari ZV, Lupetti P, Mencarelli C, Dallai R. Sperm ultrastructure and spermiogenesis of Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera, Insecta). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2008; 37:410-417. [PMID: 18534907 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spermiogenesis and the sperm ultrastructure of several species of Coniopterygidae have been examined. The spermatozoa consist of a three-layered acrosome, an elongated elliptical nucleus, a long flagellum provided with a 9+9+3 axoneme and two mitochondrial derivatives. No accessory bodies were observed. The axoneme exhibits accessory microtubules provided with 13, rather than 16, protofilaments in their tubular wall; the intertubular material is reduced and distributed differently from that observed in other Neuropterida. Sperm axoneme organization supports the isolated position of the family previously proposed on the basis of morphological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z V Zizzari
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Immler S. Sperm competition and sperm cooperation: the potential role of diploid and haploid expression. Reproduction 2008; 135:275-83. [PMID: 18299420 DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sperm competition is a powerful selective force driving the evolution of sperm shape and function. Recent findings suggest that sperm cooperation is a potential evolutionary response to sperm competition. Sperm cooperation may enhance the performance of the ejaculate increasing a male's chance to outcompete rival males in competition for fertilisation. Whether and how sperm cooperation may evolve is the focal point of this review. The relative importance of haploid and diploid gene expression for the evolution of sperm cooperation and the potential conflict of interest between (i) haploid sperm and diploid male and (ii) among sibling sperm, since sibling sperm only share an average of 50% of their genes in a diploid organism, are discussed. Furthermore, sperm cooperation is defined and the literature for empirical evidence of sperm cooperation is reviewed in light of the author's definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Immler
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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Dallai R, Lupetti P, Mencarelli C. Unusual Axonemes of Hexapod Spermatozoa. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2006; 254:45-99. [PMID: 17147997 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)54002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hexapod spermatozoa exhibit a great variation in their axoneme structure. The 9+2 pattern organization is present in a few basal taxa and in some derived groups. In most hexapods, a crown of nine accessory microtubules surrounds the 9+2 array, giving rise to the so-called 9+9+2 pattern. This general organization, however, displays a number of modifications in several taxa. In this review, the main variations concerning the number and localization of the accessory tubules, microtubular doublets, central microtubules, dynein arms, and axonemal length are summarized. We discuss the phylogenetic significance of all this structural information as well as the current hypotheses relating the sperm size and sperm polymorphism with reproductive success of some hexapod species. Also described are the biochemical data and the motility patterns which are currently known on some peculiar aberrant axonemes, in light of the contribution these models may give to the comprehension of the general functioning of the conventional 9+2 axoneme. Finally, we summarize methodological developments for the study of axoneme ultrastructure and the new opportunities for the molecular analysis of hexapod axonemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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