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Tapia IJ, Perico D, Wolos VJ, Villaverde MS, Abrigo M, Di Silvestre D, Mauri P, De Palma A, Fiszman GL. Proteomic Characterization of a 3D HER2+ Breast Cancer Model Reveals the Role of Mitochondrial Complex I in Acquired Resistance to Trastuzumab. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7397. [PMID: 39000504 PMCID: PMC11242363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
HER2-targeted therapies, such as Trastuzumab (Tz), have significantly improved the clinical outcomes for patients with HER2+ breast cancer (BC). However, treatment resistance remains a major obstacle. To elucidate functional and metabolic changes associated with acquired resistance, we characterized protein profiles of BC Tz-responder spheroids (RSs) and non-responder spheroids (nRSs) by a proteomic approach. Three-dimensional cultures were generated from the HER2+ human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line BT-474 and a derived resistant cell line. Before and after a 15-day Tz treatment, samples of each condition were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis of differentially expressed proteins exhibited the deregulation of energetic metabolism and mitochondrial pathways. A down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and up-regulation of mitochondria organization proteins, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, were observed in nRSs. Of note, Complex I-related proteins were increased in this condition and the inhibition by metformin highlighted that their activity is necessary for nRS survival. Furthermore, a correlation analysis showed that overexpression of Complex I proteins NDUFA10 and NDUFS2 was associated with high clinical risk and worse survival for HER2+ BC patients. In conclusion, the non-responder phenotype identified here provides a signature of proteins and related pathways that could lead to therapeutic biomarker investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana J. Tapia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área de Investigación, 5481 San Martín Av., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina; (V.J.W.); (M.S.V.); (M.A.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Davide Perico
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council ITB-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (D.P.); (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Virginia J. Wolos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área de Investigación, 5481 San Martín Av., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina; (V.J.W.); (M.S.V.); (M.A.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Marcela S. Villaverde
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área de Investigación, 5481 San Martín Av., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina; (V.J.W.); (M.S.V.); (M.A.); (G.L.F.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Marianela Abrigo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área de Investigación, 5481 San Martín Av., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina; (V.J.W.); (M.S.V.); (M.A.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council ITB-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (D.P.); (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council ITB-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (D.P.); (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Study, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella De Palma
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council ITB-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (D.P.); (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Gabriel L. Fiszman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Área de Investigación, 5481 San Martín Av., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina; (V.J.W.); (M.S.V.); (M.A.); (G.L.F.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
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The Role of Hypoxia-Associated Long Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101679. [PMID: 35626715 PMCID: PMC9139647 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. In the United States, even with earlier diagnosis and treatment improvements, the decline in mortality has stagnated in recent years. More research is needed to provide better diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for these patients. Long non-coding RNAs are newly described molecules that have extensive roles in breast cancer. Emerging reports have shown that there is a strong link between these RNAs and the hypoxic response of breast cancer cells, which may be an important factor for enhanced tumoral progression. In this review, we summarize the role of hypoxia-associated lncRNAs in the classic cancer hallmarks, describing their effects on the upstream and downstream hypoxia signaling pathway and the use of them as diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Whitman NA, Lin ZW, Kenney RM, Albertini L, Lockett MR. Hypoxia differentially regulates estrogen receptor alpha in 2D and 3D culture formats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:8-17. [PMID: 31163125 PMCID: PMC6688900 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors. Clinical samples show a positive correlation between the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and a negative correlation between HIF-1α and hormone sensitivity. Results from monolayer cultures are in contention with clinical observations, showing that ER (+) cell lines no longer express ERα under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). Here, we compared the impact of hypoxia on the ERα signaling pathway for T47D cells in a 2D and 3D culture format. In the 2D format, the cells were cultured as monolayers. In the 3D format, paper-based scaffolds supported cells suspended in a collagen matrix. Using ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence measurements, we show that hypoxia differentially regulates ERα protein levels in a culture environment-dependent manner. In the 2D format, the protein levels are significantly decreased in hypoxia. In the 3D format, the protein levels are maintained in hypoxia. Hypoxia reduced ERα transcriptional activation in both culture formats. These results highlight the importance of considering tissue dimensionality for in vitro studies. They also show that ERα protein levels in hypoxia are not an accurate indicator of ERα transcriptional activity, and confirm that a positive stain for ERα in a clinical sample may not necessarily indicate hormone sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Whitman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Leonardo Albertini
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7295, USA.
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Rodríguez CE, Reidel SI, Bal de Kier Joffé ED, Jasnis MA, Fiszman GL. Autophagy Protects from Trastuzumab-Induced Cytotoxicity in HER2 Overexpressing Breast Tumor Spheroids. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137920. [PMID: 26360292 PMCID: PMC4567133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids represent a 3D in vitro model that mimics solid tumor essential properties including assembly and development of extracellular matrix and nutrient, oxygen and proliferation gradients. In the present study, we analyze the impact of 3D spatial organization of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells on the response to Trastuzumab. We cultured human mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines as spheroids with the hanging drop method and we observed a gradient of proliferating, quiescent, hypoxic, apoptotic and autophagic cells towards the inner core. This 3D organization decreased Trastuzumab sensitivity of HER2 over-expressing cells compared to monolayer cell cultures. We did not observe apoptosis induced by Trastuzumab but found cell arrest in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, the treatment downregulated the basal apoptosis only found in tumor spheroids, by eliciting protective autophagy. We were able to increase sensitivity to Trastuzumab by autophagy inhibition, thus exposing the interaction between apoptosis and autophagy. We confirmed this result by developing a resistant cell line that was more sensitive to autophagy inhibition than the parental BT474 cells. In summary, the development of Trastuzumab resistance relies on the balance between death and survival mechanisms, characteristic of 3D cell organization. We propose the use of spheroids to further improve the understanding of Trastuzumab antitumor activity and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E. Rodríguez
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology ‘Ángel H. Roffo’, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara I. Reidel
- Industrial Biotechnology Research and Development Center, National Institute of Industrial Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa D. Bal de Kier Joffé
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology ‘Ángel H. Roffo’, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria A. Jasnis
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology ‘Ángel H. Roffo’, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel L. Fiszman
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology ‘Ángel H. Roffo’, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Industrial Biotechnology Research and Development Center, National Institute of Industrial Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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