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Gu H, Wang H, Zhu S, Yuan D, Dai X, Wang Z. Interspecific differences and ecological correlations between scale number and skin structure in freshwater fishes. Curr Zool 2023; 69:491-500. [PMID: 37614923 PMCID: PMC10443616 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin is mainly composed of the epidermis, dermis, and its derivative scales. There is a wide diversity in scale number in fishes, but the diversity of skin structure lacks systematic histological comparison. This research aimed to improve our understanding of the functional relationship between the scale number and the skin structure in freshwater fishes and to determine which ecological factors affect the scale number and skin structure. First, we presented a method to quantify skin structure in fish and histologically quantified the skin structure of 54 freshwater fishes. Second, we collected the scale number and habitat information of 509 Cyprinidae fishes in China and explored which ecological factors were related to their scale number. Third, common carp and scaleless carp were used as models to study the effects of scale loss on swimming. We found a strong negative correlation between scale thickness and scale number. The main factor affecting the skin structure of fishes was the species' water column position, and the skin of benthic fishes was the most well-developed (thicker skin layers (dermis, epidermis) or more/larger goblet cells and club cells). The scale number was related to two factors, namely, temperature and water column position, and cold, benthic and pelagic adaptation may have contributed to increased scale numbers. Only in benthic fishes, the more well-developed their skin, the more scales. In common carp, scale loss did not affect its swimming performance. In summary, we suggest that there is a rich diversity of skin structure in freshwater fishes, and the scales of fish with well-developed skin tend to degenerate (greater number/smaller size/thinner, or even disappear), but the skin of fish with degenerated scales is not necessarily well developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shudang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- QuJing NO.1 Middle School Qing Yuan Campus, QuJing 655099, China
| | - Dengyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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González-Costa A, Fernández-Gago R, Carid S, Molist P. Mucus characterisation in the Octopus vulgaris skin throughout its life cycle. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:502-510. [PMID: 32198901 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of the epidermis of octopus, Octopus vulgaris, throughout its life cycle was studied by conventional staining and histochemical techniques using lectins. The mantle, the arm and the two parts of the suckers: the infundibulum and the acetabulum were analysed independently. With the exception of the suckers, the general morphology of the epidermis does not vary from the first days post-hatching to adulthood. In general terms, histochemical techniques do not indicate changes in the composition of glycoconjugates of the epidermis main cells, epithelial and secretory cells. The epithelial cells of the mantle and arm show positivity for mannose (ConA+) in their apical portions, indicating the presence of n-glycoproteins that, among other things, provide lubrication to the surface of the body. In the suckers, the apical surface of the infundibulum contains sulphated glycosaminoglycans of the N-acetylglucosamine type that provide adhesive properties. In addition to observing three types of mucocytes, m1 and m2 are characteristic of the mantle and arm, and m3 is found in the suckers. The paralarva epidermis is characterised by the presence of Kölliker's organs whose exact function is unknown. In this study, the absence of staining with alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff(AB/PAS) prevents the possibility of attributing a secretory function. Nevertheless, the linkage of three lectins (WGA, LEL and GSL-I) in the fascicle of the organ suggests the presence of proteoglycans rich in N-acetylglucosamine that would mainly have a structural role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba González-Costa
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-Gago
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sofía Carid
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Pilar Molist
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Mistri A, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Gill epithelium of an angler catfish,
Chaca chaca
(Siluriformes, Chacidae): Enzyme and glycoprotein histochemistry. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:67-79. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mistri
- Skin Physiology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Zoology Section Mahila Mahavidyalaya Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study Department of Zoology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India
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Liu HH, Sun Q, Jiang YT, Fan MH, Wang JX, Liao Z. In-depth proteomic analysis of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris skin mucus. J Proteomics 2019; 200:74-89. [PMID: 30922736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin mucus serves as the first line of defence against pathogens and external stressors. The mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris inhabits intertidal mudflats containing abundant and diverse microbial populations; thus, the skin and mucus of B. pectinirostris are very important for immune defence. However, the molecules involved in the immune response and mucus secretion in the skin of this fish are poorly understood. To explore the proteomic profile of the skin mucus and understand the molecular mechanisms underlying B. pectinirostris adaption to amphibious environments, the microstructure of B. pectinirostris skin was analysed, and a series of histochemical procedures were employed for mucous glycoprotein localization and characterization. In addition, the antibacterial activity of B. pectinirostris skin mucus was studied, and the transcriptome of the skin and in-depth proteome of the mucus were determined. These studies revealed the hierarchical structure of B. pectinirostris skin and different types of glycoproteins (GPs) in the dermal bulge (DB) of the B. pectinirostris skin epidermis. The mucus has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and significant effects on the bacterial morphology. Furthermore, 93,914 unigenes were sequenced from B. pectinirostris skin tissue, and a total of 559 proteins were identified from B. pectinirostris skin mucus. SIGNIFICANCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Han Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Mei-Hua Fan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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5
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Keratinization and mucogenesis in the epidermis of an angler catfish Chaca chaca (Siluriformes, Chacidae): A Histochemical and fluorescence microscope investigation. ZOOLOGY 2018; 131:10-19. [PMID: 30502823 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes keratinization and mucogenesis in the epidermis of an angler catfish Chaca chaca, using a series of immunochemical, fluorescence and histochemical methods. The epidermis is primarily mucogenic and shows characteristic specialised structures at irregular intervals. These structures are identified keratinized in nature. The superficial layer epithelial cells in the keratinized structures often detach from the underlying epithelial cells and exfoliate either singly or in the form of sheet. This is associated to provide protection by removing silty depositions, pathogens, and debris along with exfoliated keratinized cells/sheets periodically to keep the skin surface clean. Mucogenic epidermis is equipped with the mucous goblet cells and the club cells. Nevertheless, these cells are not discernible in the keratinized structures. This suggests an inverse relationship between mucogenesis and keratinization in the epidermis of the fish. The mucogenic epidermis is involved in the secretion of different classes of glycoproteins. These include glycoproteins with oxidizable vicinal diols, glycoproteins with O-sulphate esters and glycoproteins with sialic acid residues without O-acyl substitution. Secretion of these glycoproteins on the surface are associated to control the acidity of the acidic glycoproteins, to protect the skin surface against bacterial, viral infection and other pathogens, and help in lubrication to protect against abrasion during burrowing. Epidermal keratinization and glycoprotein characterization are associated with the physiological adaptations in relation to the characteristic habit and habitat of the fish.
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Alves RN, Sundell KS, Anjos L, Sundh H, Harboe T, Norberg B, Power DM. Structural and functional maturation of skin during metamorphosis in the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:469-492. [PMID: 29464365 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To establish if the developmental changes in the primary barrier and osmoregulatory capacity of Atlantic halibut skin are modified during metamorphosis, histological, histochemical, gene expression and electrophysiological measurements were made. The morphology of the ocular and abocular skin started to diverge during the metamorphic climax and ocular skin appeared thicker and more stratified. Neutral mucins were the main glycoproteins produced by the goblet cells in skin during metamorphosis. Moreover, the number of goblet cells producing neutral mucins increased during metamorphosis and asymmetry in their abundance was observed between ocular and abocular skin. The increase in goblet cell number and their asymmetric abundance in skin was concomitant with the period that thyroid hormones (THs) increase and suggests that they may be under the control of these hormones. Several mucin transcripts were identified in metamorphosing halibut transcriptomes and Muc18 and Muc5AC were characteristic of the body skin. Na+, K+-ATPase positive (NKA) cells were observed in skin of all metamorphic stages but their number significantly decreased with the onset of metamorphosis. No asymmetry was observed between ocular and abocular skin in NKA cells. The morphological changes observed were linked to modified skin barrier function as revealed by modifications in its electrophysiological properties. However, the maturation of the skin functional characteristics preceded structural maturation and occurred at stage 8 prior to the metamorphic climax. Treatment of Atlantic halibut with the THs disrupter methimazole (MMI) affected the number of goblet cells producing neutral mucins and the NKA cells. The present study reveals that the asymmetric development of the skin in Atlantic halibut is TH sensitive and is associated with metamorphosis and that this barrier's functional properties mature earlier and are independent of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Alves
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), CCMAR, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina S Sundell
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), CCMAR, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Henrik Sundh
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torstein Harboe
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Birgitta Norberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, 5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), CCMAR, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Mistri A, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Morphological specializations of the epidermis of an angler catfishChaca chaca(Siluriformes, Chacidae) in relation to its ecological niche: A scanning electron microscopic investigation. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:439-448. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mistri
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh, 221 005 India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh, 221 005 India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh, 221 005 India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh, 221 005 India
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Accogli G, Sion L, Maiorano P, Capezzuto F, D'Onghia G, Desantis S. Regional morphology and mucus composition in the urogenital papilla skin of the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 189:119-127. [PMID: 29295755 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus is a zygoparous fish whose males are equipped with the copulating organ named urogenital papilla (UP). This study deals with the morphology and the glycoconjugate pattern of the UP epidermis, which is the male tissue interacting with the female internal body during copulation. The carbohydrate content was studied by means of conventional and lectin histochemistry. The epidermis was shown to be a stratified cuboidal epithelium and to exhibit characteristic intraepithelial pits in the apical zone. The mucous cells are scattered in the epidermis. The epidermal cell layers and their thickness as well as the size of mucous cells varied along the UP. Conventional histochemistry showed that the mucous cells contained i) only neutral glycoproteins in the basal zone; ii) both neutral and acidic non-sulphated glycans as well as only acidic non-sulphated or sulphated glycoconjugates in the intermediate zone; iii) neutral and sulphated glycoconjugates in the apical zone. The mucous cells in the basal region expressed O-linked (mucin type) glycans terminating with αGalNAc, Galβ1,3GalNAc which could be α2,3-linked to sialic acid, and high mannose type N-linked glycans terminating with fucose, lactosamine, and sialic α2,6-linked to galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine; terminal Gal and terminal/internal GlcNAc were also found. The mucous cells in the intermediate zone lacked Galβ1,3GalNAc and showed less terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid, lactosamine, fucose, galactose, and internal N-acetylglucosamine residues. In the apical region, mucous cells only exhibited O-glycans terminating with GalNAc and N-acetylglucosamine. The demonstrated region-specific differences in the UP skin provide new insights into the reproductive biology of fishes with internal fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Accogli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations (DETO), Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions, S.P. Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Letizia Sion
- Department of Biology, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70124 Bari, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Porzia Maiorano
- Department of Biology, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70124 Bari, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Francesca Capezzuto
- Department of Biology, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70124 Bari, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Gianfranco D'Onghia
- Department of Biology, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70124 Bari, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations (DETO), Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions, S.P. Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy.
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Yashpal M, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Glycoproteins in the Buccal Epithelium of a Carp,Cirrhinus mrigala(Pisces, Cyprinidae): A Histochemical Profile. Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:116-32. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Yashpal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory; Centre of Advanced Study; Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 Uttar Pradesh India
- Electron Microscope Facility; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Medical Sciences; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - U. Kumari
- Skin Physiology Laboratory; Centre of Advanced Study; Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - S. Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory; Centre of Advanced Study; Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - A. K. Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory; Centre of Advanced Study; Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 Uttar Pradesh India
- Retired Professor of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; 9 Mani Nagar, Kandawa, Near Chitaipur Crossing Varanasi 221 106 Uttar Pradesh India
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