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He S, Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wu K. Assessment of non-target toxicity effects of synthetic estradiol, quinestrol, in chickens. Integr Zool 2021; 17:1053-1062. [PMID: 34605180 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fertility control agents for the management of rodent populations are developing and maturing. Investigating the impacts on non-target species of consumption of these agents is essential. The present study assessed the non-target toxicity effects of quinestrol, a synthetic estrogen-based antifertility agent for managing rodent populations. Various quinestrol doses administered to male and female (n = 60 each) chickens through single oral gavage were 0 (A), 10 (B), 50 (C), and 150 (D) mg/kg body weight. Chickens were assessed for effect on body weight, weight of vital and reproductive organs, reproductive hormones, histology of reproductive organs and egg laying rates after 15, 30, and 135 days of treatment. Quinestrol did not induce mortality in chickens and its effects were time and dose dependent. The 90% egg-laying rates were delayed by 30, 60 for groups B and C compared with the control group, and group D did not reach the 90% egg-laying rate by 135 days. Reproductive organs in males and females returned to normal levels within 30 and 135 days, respectively. With the exception of the FSH concentration in group D, reproductive hormones of both sexes were similar to controls by 30 days. No other significant effects were found. The present research demonstrated the safety of quinestrol on non-target species and facilitates recommendations for the general administration of quinestrol for rodent pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan He
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Xunjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Meiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Kangjuan Wu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, China
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Adsorption-desorption behavior of the endocrine-disrupting chemical quinestrol in soils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13273. [PMID: 32764568 PMCID: PMC7411036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinestrol (QUN), a synthetic estrogen used as an oral contraceptive or emergency contraceptive component, has been shown to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical. To assess the environmental risk of QUN, batch equilibration experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption–desorption of QUN in five contrasting soils from different areas of China. The leaching properties were also calculated based on the adsorption and degradation data from our previous study with the same soils. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied to the sorption–desorption data to examine the affinity towards QUN of the soils, which had varying physical and chemical properties. The Kf and Kfdes values of QUN in the tested soils ranged from 3.72 to 20.47 mg1−n Ln kg−1 and from 1.26 to 7.8 mg1−n Ln kg−1, respectively, and Qm ranged from 28.25 to 126.58 mg/kg. The desorption data showed that hysteresis occurred. The Kf and Kfdes values of QUN were positively correlated with the soil total organic carbon (OC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and it may be due to the content of TOC and CEC exhibited a positive correlation. A low mobility potential of QUN in soils was predicted and verified the adsorption results by the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) and retardation factor (Rf).
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Sidhu A, Singla N, Lonare M, Mahal AK. Effect of quinestrol on body weight, vital organs, biochemicals and genotoxicity in adult male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104544. [PMID: 32359538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of quinestrol (a synthetic estradiol) in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis. Effect was studied on body weight, weight of vital organs, changes in level of biochemical parameters and genotoxicity. Feeding of bait containing 0.01% quinestrol in bi-choice and 0.02 and 0.03% quinestrol in no-choice for a period of 10 days resulted in total ingestion of 19.50, 67.60 and 243.30 mg/kg bwt, respectively of the active ingredient. Autopsy of rats after 15 and 30 days of treatment withdrawal revealed no significant effect on body weight and weights of vital organs of rats. A significant decrease in the testicular levels of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and increase in total soluble proteins was observed in rats treated with 0.02 and 0.03% quinestrol. The plasma levels of lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde concentration and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly whereas the level of testosterone decreased significantly in treated rats. The plasma levels of acid and alkaline phosphatases, superoxide dismutase and total proteins differed non-significantly among rats of treated and untreated groups. The effect was found reversed partially in rats autopsied after 60 days of treatment withdrawal. No micronuclei in bone marrow cells, no aberrations in chromosomes and no DNA damage in blood cells during comet assay indicated no genotoxic effect of quinestrol on B. bengalensis at the test doses administered. The results thus revealed that quinestrol causes reversible toxic effects in the form of oxidative stress, increased lytic enzyme activity and decreased steroidogenesis which may further lead to testicular damage thereby inhibiting reproductive function. Also more effect was shown at higher doses ingested in no-choice test as compared to low doses ingested in bi-choice tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajooni Sidhu
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Neena Singla
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
| | - Milindmitra Lonare
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Amrit Kaur Mahal
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
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Tang T, Ji C, Xu Z, Zhang C, Zhao M, Zhao X, Wang Q. Degradation Kinetics and Transformation Products of Levonorgestrel and Quinestrol in Soils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4160-4169. [PMID: 30900888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Levonorgestrel (LNG) and quinestrol (QUN) are typical endocrine disruptors that enter the soil via sewage irrigation and sludge return. However, the fates of both compounds in soil are not well-understood. Laboratory microcosm studies were conducted to fill the gap of understanding of LNG and QUN behavior in soils. High values of goodness-of-fit indices (GFIs) were obtained using the double-first-order in parallel (DFOP) model and the single-first-order (SFO) model to fit the degradation kinetics of LNG and QUN in soils, respectively. The end-points (DT50 and DT90) of LNG and QUN were positively correlated with soil total organic carbon (TOC). Soil water content and temperature were observed to be critical factors in degradation of LNG and QUN. The degradation rates of LNG and QUN were very slow under sterile and flooded conditions, indicating that the aerobic microbial degradation was dominant in the degradation of LNG and QUN. Moreover, major transformation products were identified, and biodegradation pathways of LNG and QUN were proposed. The present study is expected to provide basic information for ecological risk assessment of LNG and QUN in the soil compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 298 Desheng Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310032 , China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 298 Desheng Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 298 Desheng Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310032 , China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 298 Desheng Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products , Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 298 Desheng Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310021 , China
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Méndez E, González-Fuentes MA, Rebollar-Perez G, Méndez-Albores A, Torres E. Emerging pollutant treatments in wastewater: Cases of antibiotics and hormones. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:235-253. [PMID: 27901630 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1253391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of the intensive use of pharmaceutical substances in human life, studies on the detection of these chemical compounds and their metabolites as pollutants in water bodies are continuously reported. Some pharmaceutical agents are associated with adverse effects to aquatic life, even at very low concentrations (ng L-1 to μg L-1). For instance, the presence of antibiotics and hormones has been associated with increasing proliferation of antibiotic resistant pathogens and feminization and masculinization of some aquatic organisms. Currently, new attempts are being made to minimize or fully remove these types of pollutants from aquatic systems to protect the environment and human health. In this regard, physicochemical and biological treatments are among the most promising technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceutical pollutants. These treatments are green alternatives for the degradation of hazardous organic compounds into nontoxic by-products. Here, we review some of the physicochemical and biological treatment methods used for the removal of the most extensively used antibiotics and hormones. Enzymatic oxidation, photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation are described in terms of the aforementioned pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs). The use of membrane technologies to separate different groups of antibiotics and hormones prior to biologic or physicochemical treatment methods is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Méndez
- a Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Torres
- c Institute of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico
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Chen Y, Su QQ, Liu QS. Effects of quinestrol on the vocal behavior of mice during courtship interactions. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:216-222. [PMID: 28223035 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vocalizations are a crucial part of courtship and mating in a wide variety of species. Mating behavior, including courtship calls, is modulated by sex steroid hormones. Male mice produce courtship ultrasonic vocalizations to attract females during heterosexual encounters. However, rare is the knowledge on whether vocal behavior of mice changes under sterilant treatment which will affect gonadal hormone levels. In the present study, we treat male mice with quinestrol, which interferes with the release of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and has a significant anti-fertility effect in rodents. We compared the differences in the syllable structures (including peak intensity, peak frequency, duration, and bandwidth), total number of calls, and harmonic syllable proportions between quinestrol treated and control male mice. Male mice treated with quinestrol produced more courtship calls and more harmonic syllables than control mice, whereas the parameters of call syllables showed no significant change between the two groups. The results indicate that normal male vocal behavior during sexual interactions could be retained or even reinforced after quinestrol treatment. In addition, female mice approached male mice treated with quinestrol more than control mice, suggesting that the treated male mice were more attractive to the female mice than the controls. Thus, competitive reproductive interference is enhanced. Further, findings provided behavior mechanism in vocal context of the fertility control in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, 100101 Beijing, China.
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Li J, Chen F, Chen Y, Wang Z. Mitochondrial- and Fas-L-mediated pathways involved in quinestrol induced spermatogenic apoptosis in adult rat testes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:609-15. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.970680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li J, Chen F, Li C, Chen Y. Quinestrol induces spermatogenic apoptosis in vivo via increasing pro-apoptotic proteins in adult male mice. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:318-25. [PMID: 25038589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of quinestrol on spermatogenesis were investigated in adult male mice by daily intragastric administration of quinestrol with various doses of 5, 10, 50 and 100mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The sperm counts declined while the number of abnormal spermatozoa went up in mice treated with quinestrol. The testicular weight and seminiferous tubular area gradually declined with increasing dosages of quinestrol to 50 and 100mg/kg. Rarefied germ cells showed irregular distributions in the seminiferous tubules of mice treated with 50 and 100mg/kg quinestrol. Apoptosis was highly pronounced in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells. Antioxidant enzyme activities - superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase - as well as total antioxidant capacity significantly reduced, while malondialdehyde contents increased. The number of germ cells expressing caspase-3, p53, Bax and FasL significantly increased whereas cells expressing Bcl-2 significantly decreased in groups treated with 50 and 100mg/kg quinestrol compared with the control. The concentration of nitrogen monoxidum also increased significantly under these dosages. The results suggest that quinestrol stimulates oxidative stress to induce apoptosis in spermatogenic cells through the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Funing Chen
- Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Charles Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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