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Gómez-Domínguez EG, Toriz CG, González-Pozos S, González-Del-Pliego M, Aguirre-Benítez EL, Pérez-Torres A, Flores-Martinez YM, Solano-Agama C, Rodríguez-Mata V, García-Godínez A, Martínez-Fong D, Mendoza-Garrido ME. Characterization of the rat pituitary capsule: Evidence that the cerebrospinal fluid filled the pituitary cleft and the inner side of the capsule. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286399. [PMID: 37235567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the pituitary gland is covered by a fibrous capsule and is considered a continuation of the meningeal sheath. However, in rodents some studies concluded that only the pars tuberalis (PT) and pars nervosa (PN) are enwrapped by the pia mater, while others showed that the whole gland is covered by this sheath. At PT the median eminence subarachnoid drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to its cisternal system representing a pathway to the hypothalamus. In the present study we examined the rat pituitary capsule to elucidate its configuration, its physical interaction with the pituitary border and its relationship with the CSF. Furthermore, we also revisited the histology of the pituitary cleft and looked whether CSF drained in it. To answer such questions, we used scanning and transmission electron microscopy, intracerebroventricular infusion of Evan´s blue, fluorescent beads, and sodium fluorescein. The latter was measured in the pars distalis (PD) and various intracranial tissues. We found a pituitary capsule resembling leptomeninges, thick at the dorsal side of the pars intermedia (PI) and PD, thicker at the level of PI in contiguity with the PN and thinner at the rostro-ventral side as a thin membrane of fibroblast-like cells embedded in a fibrous layer. The capsule has abundant capillaries on all sides. Our results showed that the CSFs bathe between the capsule and the surface of the whole gland, and ciliate cells are present in the pituitary border. Our data suggest that the pituitary gland intercommunicates with the central nervous system (CNS) through the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Giovanhi Gómez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - César Gabriel Toriz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sirenia González-Pozos
- Coordinación General de Servicios Experimentales, Microscopía Electrónica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita González-Del-Pliego
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elsa Liliana Aguirre-Benítez
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yazmin Monserrat Flores-Martinez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen Solano-Agama
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Verónica Rodríguez-Mata
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro García-Godínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Martínez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Eugenia Mendoza-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Sanannam B, Looprasertkul S, Kanlayaprasit S, Kitkumthorn N, Sarachana T, Jindatip D. Alteration of Extracellular Matrix Components in the Anterior Pituitary Gland of Neonatal Rats Induced by a Maternal Bisphenol A Diet during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312667. [PMID: 34884472 PMCID: PMC8657948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays crucial roles in the anterior pituitary gland via the mechanism of cell-ECM interaction. Since bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, can cross through the placenta from mother to fetus and bind with estrogen receptors, cell populations in the neonatal anterior pituitary gland could be the target cells affected by this chemical. The present study treated maternal rats with 5000 µg/kg body weight of BPA daily throughout the pregnancy period and then investigated the changes in ECM-producing cells, i.e., pericytes and folliculostellate (FS) cells, including their ECM production in the neonatal anterior pituitary at Day 1. We found that pericytes and their collagen synthesis reduced, consistent with the increase in the number of FS cells that expressed several ECM regulators-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) family. The relative MMP9/TIMP1 ratio was extremely high, indicating that the control of ECM homeostasis was unbalanced. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed the unorganized cell cluster in the BPA-treated group. This study revealed that although the mother received BPA at the "no observed adverse effect" level, alterations in ECM-producing cells as well as collagen and the related ECM balancing genes occurred in the neonatal anterior pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumpenporn Sanannam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sasikarn Looprasertkul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Songphon Kanlayaprasit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Payathai Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Tewarit Sarachana
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Systems Neuroscience of Autism and Psychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
- Systems Neuroscience of Autism and Psychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-256-4281
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Santiago-Andres Y, Golan M, Fiordelisio T. Functional Pituitary Networks in Vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:619352. [PMID: 33584547 PMCID: PMC7873642 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.619352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is a master endocrine gland that developed early in vertebrate evolution and therefore exists in all modern vertebrate classes. The last decade has transformed our view of this key organ. Traditionally, the pituitary has been viewed as a randomly organized collection of cells that respond to hypothalamic stimuli by secreting their content. However, recent studies have established that pituitary cells are organized in tightly wired large-scale networks that communicate with each other in both homo and heterotypic manners, allowing the gland to quickly adapt to changing physiological demands. These networks functionally decode and integrate the hypothalamic and systemic stimuli and serve to optimize the pituitary output into the generation of physiologically meaningful hormone pulses. The development of 3D imaging methods and transgenic models have allowed us to expand the research of functional pituitary networks into several vertebrate classes. Here we review the establishment of pituitary cell networks throughout vertebrate evolution and highlight the main perspectives and future directions needed to decipher the way by which pituitary networks serve to generate hormone pulses in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgui Santiago-Andres
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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