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Techniques for characterizing mechanical properties of soft tissues. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105575. [PMID: 36470112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of soft tissues remains a vital need for various bioengineering and medical fields. Developing areas such as regenerative medicine, robot-aided surgery, and surgical simulations all require accurate knowledge about the mechanical properties of soft tissues to replicate their mechanics. Mechanical properties can be characterized through several different characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy, compression testing, and tensile testing. However, many of these methods contain considerable differences in ability to accurately characterize the mechanical properties of soft tissues. As a result of these variations, there are often discrepancies in the reported values for numerous studies. This paper reviews common characterization methods that have been applied to obtain the mechanical properties of soft tissues and highlights their advantages as well as disadvantages. The limitations, accuracies, repeatability, in-vivo testing capability, and types of properties measurable for each method are also discussed.
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Emiroglu DB, Bekcic A, Dranseikiene D, Zhang X, Zambelli T, deMello AJ, Tibbitt MW. Building block properties govern granular hydrogel mechanics through contact deformations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd8570. [PMID: 36525484 PMCID: PMC9757745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Granular hydrogels have been increasingly exploited in biomedical applications, including wound healing and cardiac repair. Despite their utility, design guidelines for engineering their macroscale properties remain limited, as we do not understand how the properties of granular hydrogels emerge from collective interactions of their microgel building blocks. In this work, we related building block features (stiffness and size) to the macroscale properties of granular hydrogels using contact mechanics. We investigated the mechanics of the microgel packings through dynamic oscillatory rheology. In addition, we modeled the system as a collection of two-body interactions and applied the Zwanzig and Mountain formula to calculate the plateau modulus and viscosity of the granular hydrogels. The calculations agreed with the dynamic mechanical measurements and described how microgel properties and contact deformations define the rheology of granular hydrogels. These results support a rational design framework for improved engineering of this fascinating class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Börte Emiroglu
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Bekcic
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dalia Dranseikiene
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Badin R, Burgain J, Desobry S, Bhandari B, Prakash S, Gaiani C. Probing maltodextrins surface properties by atomic force microscopy: Interplay of glass transition and reconstitution properties. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Li J, Deng Y, Xu W, Zhao R, Chen T, Wang M, Xu E, Zhou J, Wang W, Liu D. Multiscale modeling of food thermal processing for insight, comprehension, and utilization of heat and mass transfer: A state-of-the-art review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Joardder MUH, Rashid F, Karim MA. The Relationships Between Structural Properties and Mechanical Properties of Plant-Based Food Materials: A Critical Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad U. H. Joardder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fazlur Rashid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - M. A. Karim
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Menta R, Rosso G, Canzoneri F. Plant-Based: A Perspective on Nutritional and Technological Issues. Are We Ready for "Precision Processing"? Front Nutr 2022; 9:878926. [PMID: 35571909 PMCID: PMC9094677 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of consumers' preference despite being still rooted in taste is rapidly combining with an exponential growth of environmental awareness. Both are forcing innovation into the food industry sector. Today, it is common in the scientific literature to find awareness of nutrition and sustainability, functionality and freshness, taste, and pollution; the most relevant and recognized trends are evolving with unprecedent speed toward a new paradigm. The perfect storm of fast-growing population, together with an exploding level of environmental pollution, is combining with the request for functional foods with more defined health properties and is strongly pushing the food sector to new defined innovation objectives to keep and develop the economic role of most loved brands around the world. The most debated conundrum is how to provide healthy food for all human beings, without further affecting our Mother Earth. Innovation in food raw materials as well as innovation in food processing seems to be the magic solution to provide twice with half, that is, to double the food production combined with declining resources. One of the fastest growing segments in the food industry is the plant-based segment. The status of the available options in food processing applied to plant-based food will be discussed, with a special focus on novel physical processing technologies and atomic force microscopy as possible complementary weapons in science-based definition of a sustainable nutrition approach. A call for a new paradigm such as "precision processing" should be adopted to drive the evolution of the whole food system.
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Effect of pepper extracts on the viability kinetics, topography and Quantitative NanoMechanics (QNM) of Campylobacter jejuni evaluated with AFM. Micron 2021; 152:103183. [PMID: 34801959 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a pathogen bacterium that causes foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. However, phenolic compounds extracted from natural sources such as capsicum pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L. var. aviculare) could inhibit the growth of C. jejuni. Therefore, different extracts were prepared using ultrasonic extraction (USE), conventional extraction (CE) and thermosonic extraction (TSE). C. jejuni was then exposed to chili extracts to examine the antimicrobial effect and their growth/death bacterial kinetics were studied using different mathematical models. Atomic force microscopy was applied to investigate the microstructural and nanomechanical changes in the bacteria. Extracts obtained by TSE had the highest phenolic content (4.59 ± 0.03 mg/g of chili fresh weight [FW]) in comparison to USE (4.12 ± 0.05 mg/g of chili FW) and CE (4.28 ± 0.07 mg/g of chili FW). The inactivation of C. jejuni was more efficient when thermosonic extract was used. The Gompertz model was the most suitable mathematical model to describe the inactivation kinetics of C. jejuni. Roughness and nanomechanical analysis performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) provided evidence that the chili extracts had significant effects on morphology, surface, and the reduced Young's modulus of C. jejuni. The novelty of this work was integrating growth/death bacterial kinetics of C. jejuni using different mathematical models and chili extracts, and its relationship with the morphological, topographic and nanomechanical changes estimated by AFM.
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Khodabakhshian R, Baghbani R. Classification of bananas during ripening using peel roughness analysis—An application of atomic force microscopy to food process. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Baghbani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering Technical and Vocational University (TVU) Tehran Iran
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9
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Koç MM, Caglayan MO. Mechanical test and friction-mapping on recycled polypropylene beads using atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:460-468. [PMID: 34480370 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical tests at sub-micron scales using force microscopy are often used for the characterization of materials. Here we report the mechanical, tribologic, and morphological characterization of recycled polypropylene beads using force spectroscopy and lateral-force microscopy. The compression-elastic moduli calculated using the Hertzian model for polypropylene beads was between 0.448 ± 0.010 and 1.044 ± 0.057 GPa. The grain size analysis revealed a significant correlation between the grain size and measured compression-elastic moduli. Friction-maps of recycled polypropylene beads obtained using lateral-force microscopy were also reported for 25 μm2 scanning areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Muhammed Koç
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Nanotechnology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Nanotechnology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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10
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Atomic force microscopy nanoscale analysis: Impact of storage conditions on surface properties of whey protein powders. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Adelson RP, Palikuqi B, Weiss Z, Checco A, Schreiner R, Rafii S, Rabbany SY. Morphological characterization of Etv2 vascular explants using fractal analysis and atomic force microscopy. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104205. [PMID: 34146583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rapid engraftment of vascular networks is critical for functional incorporation of tissue explants. However, existing methods for inducing angiogenesis utilize approaches that yield vasculature with poor temporal stability or inadequate mechanical integrity, which reduce their robustness in vivo. The transcription factor Ets variant 2 (Etv2) specifies embryonic hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cell (EC) development, and is transiently reactivated during postnatal vascular regeneration and tumor angiogenesis. This study investigates the role for Etv2 upregulation in forming stable vascular beds both in vitro and in vivo. Control and Etv2+ prototypical fetal-derived human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and adult ECs were angiogenically grown into vascular beds. These vessel beds were characterized using fractal dimension and lacunarity, to quantify their branching complexity and space-filling homogeneity, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to explore whether greater complexity and homogeneity lead to more mechanically stable vessels. Additionally, markers of EC integrity were used to probe for mechanistic clues. Etv2+ HUVECs exhibit greater branching, vessel density, and structural homogeneity, and decreased stiffness in vitro and in vivo, indicating a greater propensity for stable vessel formation. When co-cultured with colon tumor organoid tissue, Etv2+ HUVECs had decreased fractal dimension and lacunarity compared to Etv2+ HUVECs cultured alone, indicating that vessel density and homogeneity of vessel spacing increased due to the presence of Etv2. This study sets forth the novel concept that fractal dimension, lacunarity, and AFM are as informative as conventional angiogenic measurements, including vessel branching and density, to assess vascular perfusion and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Adelson
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Weiss
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Checco
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Effects of TiO 2 Nanoparticles Incorporation into Cells of Tomato Roots. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051127. [PMID: 33925353 PMCID: PMC8145037 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tomato plants were grown in vitro with and without incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in Murashige and Skoog (MS) growth medium. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological (area and roundness cell) and mechanical (Young’s Modulus) change in the different tissue of tomato root, epidermis (Ep), parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb), when the whole plant was exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) techniques were used to identify changes into the root cells when TiO2 NPs were incorporated. TiO2 NPs incorporation produces changes in the area, roundness, and Young’s Modulus of the tomato root. When tomato root is exposed to TiO2 NPs, the Ep and Vb area size decreases from 260.92 µm2 to 160.71 µm2 and, 103.08 µm2 to 52.13 µm2, respectively, compared with the control area, while in Pa tissue the area size was increased considerably from 337.72 mm2 to 892.96 mm2. Cellular roundness was evident in tomato root that was exposed to TiO2 NPs in the Ep (0.49 to 0.67), Pa (0.63 to 0.79), and Vb (0.76 to 0.71) area zones. Young’s Modulus in Pa zone showed a rigid mechanical behavior when tomato root is exposed to TiO2 NPs (0.48 to 4.98 MPa control and TiO2 NPs, respectively). Meanwhile, Ep and Vb were softer than the control sample (13.9 to 1.06 MPa and 6.37 to 4.41 MPa respectively). This means that the Pa zone was stiffer than Ep and Vb when the root is exposed to TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, TiO2 NPs were internalized in the root tissue of tomato, accumulating mainly in the cell wall and intercellular spaces, with a wide distribution throughout the tissue, as seen in TEM.
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Khodabakhshian R, Hassani M. The study and comparison of elastic modulus of pineapple fruit in macroscopic and microscopic modes. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1348-1357. [PMID: 33880843 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to bibliography, elastic modulus studies of agricultural produce at the macro-scale using a resistance measuring (as Magness-Taylor penetration test or compression test) by an Instron Universal Mechanical Testing Machine is often used to express this characteristic. However, the determination of the elastic properties of agricultural produce at the macro-scale result widely varying values for a particular agricultural produce. So in this study, to decrease the variability which now exists in the elastic modulus results of agricultural produce measured at the macro-scale, measuring and comparison of the elastic modulus of agricultural produce, pineapple fruit as case study, in macroscopic (by Hook's theory on the cylindrical specimen and Hertz theory in the mode of spherical indenter contact on the whole specimen) and microscopic (by atomic force microscopy) modes was investigate. There is concluded that with changing the type of theory, the behavior of the elastic modulus changes significantly at a 1% level. In microscopic mode studies, the lowest elastic modulus (0.135 MPa) was obtained by using Hertz theory in the mode of spherical indenter contact on the whole specimen while the highest elastic modulus value (0.779 MPa) was seen by using Hook's theory on the cylindrical specimen. In microscopic mode studies, the Sneddon model had the lowest elastic modulus while Hertzian model showed the highest elastic modulus value. Consequently, due to some reasons such as complex shape of most agricultural produce, assumptions required for three elastic theories of contacting bodies in macroscopic mode, complex structure and viscoelastic behavior of agricultural produce, it is found that the variability of the information can be reduced at micro-scale, or, to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahshid Hassani
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Khodabakhshian R, Naeemi A, Bayati MR. Determination of texture properties of banana fruit cells with an atomic force microscope: A case study on elastic modulus and stiffness. J Texture Stud 2021; 52:389-399. [PMID: 33675545 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of biological materials with their elasto-mechanical properties is considered essential for understanding their nature. In addition, elasto-mechanical studies at the macroscale are frequently used to determine these characteristics by a resistance measurement such as the Magness-Taylor penetration test or compression test using an Instron Universal Mechanical Testing Machine. In this regard, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was presented as a new method for identifying the alterations of elasto-mechanical properties at a nanoscale. Therefore, the present study estimated the elastic modulus and stiffness of the cell walls which were isolated from the banana mesocarp with AFM-based nanoindentation. Then, the elastic modulus of a cell and stiffness were determined by analyzing the force-separation curves using the theory of Hertz and the mechanics of Sneddon. Using two tips of the distinct radius of the curvature (10 and 10,000 nm), it was revealed that the tip geometry significantly affected the measured elasto-mechanical properties. Further, the elastic modulus was around 95 ± 45 and 18.5 ± 12.5 kPa for the sharper tip (R = 10 nm) and a bead (R = 10,000 nm) tips, respectively. Furthermore, a large variability was considered regarding the elasto-mechanical property (>100%) among the cells which were sampled from the same region in the fruit. Therefore, the AFM can be highly suitable for evaluating the structure-related properties of biological materials at the cellular and subcellular scales by combining nano elasto-mechanical properties with topography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asal Naeemi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bayati
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Khan MIH, Patel N, Mahiuddin M, Karim M. Characterisation of mechanical properties of food materials during drying using nanoindentation. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zhao L, Kristi N, Ye Z. Atomic force microscopy in food preservation research: New insights to overcome spoilage issues. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110043. [PMID: 33648269 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A higher level of food safety is required due to the fast-growing human population along with the increased awareness of healthy lifestyles. Currently, a large percentage of food is spoiled during storage and processing due to enzymes and microbial activity, causing huge economic losses to both producers and consumers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), as a powerful scanning probe microscopy, has been successfully and widely used in food preservation research. This technique allows a non-invasive examination of food products, providing high-resolution images of surface structure and individual polymers as well as the physical properties and adhesion of single molecules. In this paper, detailed applications of AFM in food preservation are reviewed. AFM has been used to provide comprehensive information in food preservation by evaluating the spoilage with its related structure modification. By utilizing AFM imaging and force measurement function, the main mechanisms involved in the loss of food quality and preservation technologies development can be further elucidated. It is also capable of exploring the activities of enzymes and microbes in influencing the quality of food products during storage. AFM provides comprehensive solutions to overcome spoilage issues with its versatile functions and high-throughput outcomes. Further research and development of this novel technique in order to solve integrated problems in food preservation are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Natalia Kristi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.
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Lüchtefeld I, Bartolozzi A, Mejía Morales J, Dobre O, Basso M, Zambelli T, Vassalli M. Elasticity spectra as a tool to investigate actin cortex mechanics. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:147. [PMID: 33081777 PMCID: PMC7576730 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanical properties of single living cells have proven to be a powerful marker of the cell physiological state. The use of nanoindentation-based single cell force spectroscopy provided a wealth of information on the elasticity of cells, which is still largely to be exploited. The simplest model to describe cell mechanics is to treat them as a homogeneous elastic material and describe it in terms of the Young’s modulus. Beside its simplicity, this approach proved to be extremely informative, allowing to assess the potential of this physical indicator towards high throughput phenotyping in diagnostic and prognostic applications. Results Here we propose an extension of this analysis to explicitly account for the properties of the actin cortex. We present a method, the Elasticity Spectra, to calculate the apparent stiffness of the cell as a function of the indentation depth and we suggest a simple phenomenological approach to measure the thickness and stiffness of the actin cortex, in addition to the standard Young’s modulus. Conclusions The Elasticity Spectra approach is tested and validated on a set of cells treated with cytoskeleton-affecting drugs, showing the potential to extend the current representation of cell mechanics, without introducing a detailed and complex description of the intracellular structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lüchtefeld
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Bartolozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli studi di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Julián Mejía Morales
- Institut de Physique de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, 1361 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli studi di Genova, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Oana Dobre
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Michele Basso
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli studi di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
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Obeid S, Guyomarc'h F. Atomic force microscopy of food assembly: Structural and mechanical insights at the nanoscale and potential opportunities from other fields. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Nano- and micro-mechanical properties of wheat grain by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nano-indentation (IIT) and their relationship with the mechanical properties evaluated by uniaxial compression test. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Nicolás-Álvarez DE, Andraca-Adame JA, Chanona-Pérez JJ, Méndez-Méndez JV, Cárdenas-Pérez S, Rodríguez-Pulido A. Evaluation of Nanomechanical Properties of Tomato Root by Atomic Force Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:989-997. [PMID: 31272515 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, different tissue surfaces of tomato root were characterized employing atomic force microscopy on day 7 and day 21 of growth through Young's modulus and plasticity index. These parameters provide quantitative information regarding the mechanical behavior of the tomato root under fresh conditions in different locations of the cross-section of root [cell surface of the epidermis, parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb)]. The results show that the mechanical parameters depend on the indented region, tissue type, and growth time. Thereby, the stiffness increases in the cell surface of epidermal tissue with increasing growth time (from 9.19 ± 0.68 to 13.90 ± 1.68 MPa) and the cell surface of Pa tissue displays the opposite behavior (from 1.74 ± 0.49 to 0.48 ± 0.55); the stiffness of cell surfaces of Vb tissue changes from 10.60 ± 0.58 to 6.37 ± 0.53 MPa, all cases showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05). Viscoelastic behavior dominates the mechanical forces in the tomato root. The current study is a contribution to a better understanding of the cell mechanics behavior of different tomato root tissues during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Nicolás-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, C.P. 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX,Mexico
| | - J A Andraca-Adame
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Hidalgo,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Carretera "Pachuca-Actopan" Kilómetro 1+500, Municipio San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento y la Cultura, Hidalgo, Edo,Mexico
| | - J J Chanona-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, C.P. 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX,Mexico
| | - J V Méndez-Méndez
- Centro de Nanociencias, Micro y Nanotecnologías,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Wilfrido Massieu s/n. UPALM, Gustavo A. Madero, 07738 CDMX,Mexico
| | - S Cárdenas-Pérez
- Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection,Nicolaus Copernicus University,Toruń,Poland
| | - A Rodríguez-Pulido
- Centro de Investigación en Sustentabilidad Energética y Ambiental,Universidad Autónoma del Noreste,A. C. Prolongación Constituyentes 1002, Col. Las Rusias, C.P. 87560, H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas,Mexico
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