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Chin ZX, Chua SL, Ang YL, Wee S, Lee KKM, Wu Y, Chan JSH. Illegal synthetic dyes in spices: a Singapore case study. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:142-152. [PMID: 38600616 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2326431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Some synthetic dyes are fraudulently added into spices to appeal visually to consumers. Food regulations in several countries, including the United States, Australia, Japan and the European Union, strictly prohibit the use of unauthorised synthetic dyes in food. Nevertheless, illegal practices persist, where spices contaminated with potentially carcinogenic dyes have been documented, posing potential health risks to consumers. In the present study, 14 synthetic dyes were investigated through liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 252 commercially available spices in the Singapore market. In 18 out of these (7.1%) at least 1 illegal dye was detected at concentrations ranging from 0.010 to 114 mg/kg. Besides potential health risks, presence of these adulterants also reflects the economic motivations behind their fraudulent use. Findings in the present study further emphasise the need for increased public awareness, stricter enforcement, and continuous monitoring of illegal synthetic dyes in spices to ensure Singapore's food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Xin Chin
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sew Lay Chua
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Li Ang
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Kah Meng Lee
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Oleo DDD, Manning L, McIntyre L, Randall N, Nayak R. The application of systematic accident analysis tools to investigate food safety incidents. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13344. [PMID: 38634199 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Effective food safety (FS) management relies on the understanding of the factors that contribute to FS incidents (FSIs) and the means for their mitigation and control. This review aims to explore the application of systematic accident analysis tools to both design FS management systems (FSMSs) as well as to investigate FSI to identify contributive and causative factors associated with FSI and the means for their elimination or control. The study has compared and contrasted the diverse characteristics of linear, epidemiological, and systematic accident analysis tools and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) and the types and depth of qualitative and quantitative analysis they promote. Systematic accident analysis tools, such as the Accident Map Model, the Functional Resonance Accident Model, or the Systems Theoretical Accident Model and Processes, are flexible systematic approaches to analyzing FSI within a socio-technical food system which is complex and continually evolving. They can be applied at organizational, supply chain, or wider food system levels. As with the application of HACCP principles, the process is time-consuming and requires skilled users to achieve the level of systematic analysis required to ensure effective validation and verification of FSMS and revalidation and reverification following an FSI. Effective revalidation and reverification are essential to prevent recurrent FSI and to inform new practices and processes for emergent FS concerns and the means for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileyni Díaz De Oleo
- TADRUS Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Louise Manning
- The Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Lynn McIntyre
- Department of Food, Land and Agribusiness Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Nicola Randall
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Rounaq Nayak
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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Durst S, Foli S, La Torre M, Borgia M. Knowledge risk management in banks - An area for improving organizational performance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22064. [PMID: 38028002 PMCID: PMC10663912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the topic of knowledge risks and their management in organizations is still very scarce, this also applies to empirical studies. However, to avoid the uncritical acceptance of empirical results, replication studies play a crucial role in science. Therefore, this study represents a replication study of the type of empirical generalization of the paper by Durst et al. (2019) which studied knowledge risk management (KRM) in private and public organizations. Considering the KRM and performance assumptions underlying the original study and the methodology used, the results at that time are reviewed using new data from 103 Italian cooperative banks. This paper contributes to the study of risks related to knowledge and its theoretical development by providing new empirical evidence from a different cultural, geographical and institutional context. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of replication studies for knowledge accumulation and theory development in management science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Durst
- Department of Business Administration, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Samuel Foli
- Department of Business Administration, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maura La Torre
- Department of Management and Business Administration, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro, 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - Michele Borgia
- Department of Management and Business Administration, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro, 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
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Kowalska A, Lingham S, Maye D, Manning L. Food Insecurity: Is Leagility a Potential Remedy? Foods 2023; 12:3138. [PMID: 37628137 PMCID: PMC10453207 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Ukraine-Russian conflict, both significant geo-political and socio-economic shocks to the global food system and food insecurity has risen across the world. One potential remedy to reduce the level of food insecurity is to move from a lean just-in-time food system to one where there is more resilience through greater agility both in routine supply operations and also in the event of an emergency situation. The aim of this critical perspectives paper was to firstly reflect on the concepts of lean, agility, and 'leagility'. Then, this study considered the ability of individual organisations and the whole food system to be resilient, adaptive, enable the elimination of waste, reduce inefficiency, and assure the consistent delivery to market requirements in terms of both volume, safety, and quality. Promoting the concept of leagility together with advocating resilient, sustainable practices that embed buffer and adaptive capacity, this paper positions that increasing digitalisation and improving business continuity planning can ensure effective operationalisation of supply chains under both normal and crisis situations, ultimately reducing the risk of food insecurity at personal, household, and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kowalska
- Institute of Economics and Finance, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sophia Lingham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester GL7 6JS, UK;
| | - Damian Maye
- Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, Swindon Road, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, UK;
| | - Louise Manning
- Lincoln Institute for Agri Food Technology, University of Lincoln, Riseholme Park, Lincoln LN2 2LG, UK
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Manning L, Morris W, Birchmore I. Organizational unlearning: A risky food safety strategy? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1633-1653. [PMID: 36965177 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Strategically unlearning specific knowledge, behaviors, and practices facilitates product and process innovation, business model evolution, and new market opportunities and is essential to meet emergent supply chain and customer requirements. Indeed, addressing societal concerns such as climate change and net zero means elements of contemporary practice in food supply chains need to be unlearned to ensure new practices are adopted. However, unlearning is a risky process if crucial knowledge is lost, for example, if knowledge is situated in the supply base not the organization itself, or there is insufficient organizational food safety knowledge generation, curation, and management when new practices/processes are designed and implemented. An exploratory, critical review of management and food safety academic and gray literature is undertaken that aims to consider the cycle of unlearning, learning, and relearning in food organizations and supply chains with particular emphasis on organizational innovation, inertia, and the impact on food safety management systems and food safety performance. Findings demonstrate it is critical with food safety practices, such as duration date coding or refrigeration practices, that organizations "unlearn" in a way that does not increase organizational, food safety, or public health risk. This paper contributes to extant literature by highlighting the organizational vulnerabilities that can arise when strategically unlearning to promote sustainability in a food supply context. Mitigating such organizational, food safety, and public health risk means organizations must simultaneously drive unlearning, learning, and relearning as a dynamic integrated knowledge acquisition and management approach. The research implications are of value to academics, business managers, and wider industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Manning
- Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Wyn Morris
- Aberystwyth University, Hugh Owen Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY, UK
| | - Ian Birchmore
- Aberystwyth University, Hugh Owen Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DY, UK
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Ullah A, Chan MWH, Aslam S, Khan A, Abbas Q, Ali S, Ali M, Hussain A, Mirani ZA, Sibt-E-Hassan S, Kazmi MR, Ali S, Hussain S, Khan AM. Banned Sudan dyes in spices available at markets in Karachi, Pakistan. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:69-76. [PMID: 35909386 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Sudan dyes were investigated in branded and non-branded spices, commonly available in the markets of Karachi, Pakistan. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a variable wavelength detector (VWD) was applied to determine Sudan dyes I-IV. The non-branded samples had higher concentrations of Sudan dyes than the maximum limits of 0.1 mg/kg. The highest concentration of Sudan dye (I) was found in turmeric powder (8460 mg/kg) and the lowest concentration (1.50 mg/kg) of Sudan (IV) in Chaat Masala. This indicates that the use of non-branded spices is not safe, whereas no Sudan dye was found in the branded spice samples. Further studies regarding the higher carcinogenic risk posed by Sudan dye adulterated spices in Pakistan is strongly advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Food and Marine Resources Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Malik Wajid Hussain Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadar Aslam
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Paksitan
| | - Ali Khan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences & Research Centre, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology (FUUAST), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Biological Science Department, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Shamsher Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Meher Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Mirani
- Food and Marine Resources Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sibt-E-Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohib Reza Kazmi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majeed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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YU M, LIU P. Discussion on emergency management of food safety from the perspective of foodborne diseases caused by mycotoxins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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