1
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Mencel J, Alves A, Angelis V, Gerlinger M, Starling N. State of the art: Targeting microsatellite instability in gastrointestinal cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104387. [PMID: 38734279 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and the associated microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype has become a subject of enormous interest in recent years due to the demonstrated efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in advanced tumours. Assessing MSI in patients with gastrointestinal tract (GI) cancers is useful to exclude Lynch syndrome, but also to predict benefit for ICI. Following review of the relevant literature, this review article aims to outline the clinicopathologic spectrum of MSI and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in the GI tract, hepatobiliary system and pancreas and discuss the therapeutic consideration in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mencel
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anneke Alves
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Angelis
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naureen Starling
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom.
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2
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zuo X, Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zeng T, Chen S, Liu M, Chen H, Song Q, Li Q, Yang C, Le Y, Xing J, Zhang H, An J, Jia W, Kang L, Zhang H, Xie H, Ye J, Wu T, He F, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou G. NRDE2 deficiency impairs homologous recombination repair and sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to PARP inhibitors. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100550. [PMID: 38697125 PMCID: PMC11099347 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
To identify novel susceptibility genes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed a rare-variant association study in Chinese populations consisting of 2,750 cases and 4,153 controls. We identified four HCC-associated genes, including NRDE2, RANBP17, RTEL1, and STEAP3. Using NRDE2 (index rs199890497 [p.N377I], p = 1.19 × 10-9) as an exemplary candidate, we demonstrated that it promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair and suppresses HCC. Mechanistically, NRDE2 binds to the subunits of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and facilitates the assembly and activity of the CK2 holoenzyme. This NRDE2-mediated enhancement of CK2 activity increases the phosphorylation of MDC1 and then facilitates the HR repair. These functions are eliminated almost completely by the NRDE2-p.N377I variant, which sensitizes the HCC cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, especially when combined with chemotherapy. Collectively, our findings highlight the relevance of the rare variants to genetic susceptibility to HCC, which would be helpful for the precise treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cuiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shunqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chenning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Le
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiaze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Interventional Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
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3
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Rajpurohit YS, Sharma DK, Lal M, Soni I. A perspective on tumor radiation resistance following high-LET radiation treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:226. [PMID: 38696003 PMCID: PMC11065934 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is a promising alternative to conventional low-LET radiation for therapeutic gain against cancer owing to its ability to induce complex and clustered DNA lesions. However, the development of radiation resistance poses a significant barrier. The potential molecular mechanisms that could confer resistance development are translesion synthesis (TLS), replication gap suppression (RGS) mechanisms, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation, release of exosomes, and epigenetic changes. This article will discuss various types of complex clustered DNA damage, their repair mechanisms, mutagenic potential, and the development of radiation resistance strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of careful consideration and patient selection when employing high-LET radiotherapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh Rajpurohit
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, DAE- Deemed University, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Sharma
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Mitu Lal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ishu Soni
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, DAE- Deemed University, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Wilbur HC, Le DT, Agarwal P. Immunotherapy of MSI Cancer: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1438-1447. [PMID: 38015720 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a tumor molecular phenotype that evolves from loss of function in the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins through deleterious germline mutations, epigenetic inactivation, or somatic biallelic mutations. This phenotype is characterized by genomic hyper-mutability, increased neoantigen expression, and a favorable, immune-rich tumor microenvironment. These features confer a greater likelihood of response to treatment with the class of agents known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and, potentially, other immune-based therapeutics. MSI as a predictive biomarker for response to treatment with ICIs ultimately led to the first tissue-agnostic approval of pembrolizumab for advanced, previously treated MSI or deficient MMR (dMMR) tumors. Nevertheless, response to ICIs in dMMR/MSI tumors is not universal. Identifying predictors of response and elucidating mechanisms of immune escape will be crucial to continued successful treatment of this subset. In this review, we aim to describe the pathogenesis and key immunologic features of dMMR/MSI tumors, provide a brief overview of the currently approved treatments, and discuss promising novel immune-based therapeutics currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Catherine Wilbur
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dung T Le
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Parul Agarwal
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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5
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Rezqallah A, Torres-Esquius S, Llop-Guevara A, Cruellas M, Martinez MT, Romey M, Denkert C, Serra V, Chirivella I, Balmaña J. Two Germline Pathogenic Variants in Cancer Susceptibility Genes and Their Null Implication in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis: The Importance of Tumoral Homologous Recombination Deficiency Testing. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300446. [PMID: 38513169 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination proficiency in patients with breast cancer despite germline PALB2/RAD51C pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rezqallah
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Torres-Esquius
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Cruellas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María T Martinez
- Medical Oncology Department, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico de València, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcel Romey
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Medical Oncology Department, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico de València, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Taghizadeh S, Shvydka D, Shan A, Mian OY, Parsai EI. Optimization and experimental characterization of the innovative thermo-brachytherapy seed for prostate cancer treatment. Med Phys 2024; 51:839-853. [PMID: 38159297 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant administration of hyperthermia (HT) with radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer has been extensively studied in the past five decades. Concurrent use of the two modalities leads to both complementary and synergetic enhancements in tumor management, but presents a practical challenge. Their simultaneous administration using the same implantable thermo-brachytherapy (TB) seed source has been established theoretically through magnetically mediated heat induction with ferromagnetic materials. Careful consideration, however, showed that regular ferromagnetic alloys lack the required conductivity to generate enough power through eddy current to overcome heat dissipation due to blood perfusion at clinically measured rates. PURPOSE We characterized the TB implant that combines a sealed radioactive source with a ferrimagnetic ceramic (ferrite) core, serving as a self-regulating HT source when placed in an alternating electromagnetic field. To increase the heat production and uniformity of temperature distribution the empty spacers between radioisotope seeds were replaced by hyperthermia-only (HT-only) seeds. METHODS The heat generation due to eddy currents circulating in the seed's thin metal shell, surrounding the core, depends drastically on the core permeability. We identified a soft ferrite material (MnZnFe 2 O 4 $\rm MnZnFe_2O_4$ ) as the best candidate for the core, owing to its high permeability, the HT-range Curie temperature, adjustable through material composition, and a sharp Curie transition, leading to heat self-regulation, with no invasive thermometry required. The core permeability as a function of temperature was calculated based on measured resistor-inductor (RL) circuit parameters and material B-H curves. The thickness of the shell was optimized separately for TB and HT-only seeds, having slightly different dimensions. Heat generation was calculated using the power versus temperature approximation. Finally, the temperature distribution for a realistic prostate LDR brachytherapy plan was modeled with COMSOL Multiphysics for a set of blood perfusion rates found in the literature. RESULTS The small size of the investigated ferrite core samples resulted in demagnetization significantly decreasing the relative permeability from its intrinsic value of ∼5000 to about 11 in the range of magnetic field amplitude and frequency values relevant to HT. The power generated by the seed dropped sharply as the shell thickness deviated from the optimal value. The optimized TB and HT-only seeds generated 45 and 267 mW power, respectively, providing a HT source sufficient for >90% volume coverage even for the highest blood perfusion rates. The toxicity of the surrounding normal tissues was minimal due to the rapid temperature fall off within a few millimeters distance from a seed. CONCLUSIONS The investigated TB and HT-only seed prototypes were shown to provide sufficient power for the concurrent administration of radiation and HT. In addition to being used as a source for both radiation and heat at the onset of cancer therapy, these implanted seeds would be available for treatment intensification in the setting of salvage brachytherapy for locally radiorecurrent disease, possibly as a sensitizer to systemic therapies or as a modulator of the immune response, without another invasive procedure. Experimentally determined parameters of the ferrite material cores provided in this study establish a mechanistic foundation for future pre-clinical and clinical validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana Shvydka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ambalanath Shan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Omar Y Mian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - E Ishmael Parsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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7
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George DC, Bertrand FE, Sigounas G. Notch-3 affects chemoresistance in colorectal cancer via DNA base excision repair enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101013. [PMID: 38290285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death. With over 153,000 new CRC cases predicted, it is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer. Early detection can lead to curative surgical intervention, but recurrent and late metastatic disease is frequently treated with chemotherapeutic options based on induction of DNA damage. Understanding mechanism(s) that regulate DNA damage repair within colon tumor cells is essential to developing effective therapeutic strategies. The Notch signaling pathway is known to participate in normal colon development and we have recently described a pathway by which Notch-1, Notch-3 and Smad may regulated EMT and stem-like properties in colon tumor cells, promoting tumorigenesis. Little is known about how Notch may regulate drug resistance. In this study, we used shRNA to generate colon tumor cells with loss of Notch-3 expression. These cells exhibited reduced expression of the base-excision repair proteins PARP1 and APE1, along with increased sensitivity to ara-c and cisplatin. These data point to a pathway in which Notch-3 signaling can regulate DNA repair within colon tumor cells and suggests that targeting Notch-3 may be an effective approach to rendering colon tumors sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Fred E Bertrand
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - George Sigounas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Frank D, Patnana PK, Vorwerk J, Mao L, Gopal LM, Jung N, Hennig T, Ruhnke L, Frenz JM, Kuppusamy M, Autry R, Wei L, Sun K, Mohammed Ahmed HM, Künstner A, Busch H, Müller H, Hutter S, Hoermann G, Liu L, Xie X, Al-Matary Y, Nimmagadda SC, Cano FC, Heuser M, Thol F, Göhring G, Steinemann D, Thomale J, Leitner T, Fischer A, Rad R, Röllig C, Altmann H, Kunadt D, Berdel WE, Hüve J, Neumann F, Klingauf J, Calderon V, Opalka B, Dührsen U, Rosenbauer F, Dugas M, Varghese J, Reinhardt HC, von Bubnoff N, Möröy T, Lenz G, Batcha AMN, Giorgi M, Selvam M, Wang E, McWeeney SK, Tyner JW, Stölzel F, Mann M, Jayavelu AK, Khandanpour C. Germ line variant GFI1-36N affects DNA repair and sensitizes AML cells to DNA damage and repair therapy. Blood 2023; 142:2175-2191. [PMID: 37756525 PMCID: PMC10733838 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is a DNA-binding transcription factor and a key regulator of hematopoiesis. GFI1-36N is a germ line variant, causing a change of serine (S) to asparagine (N) at position 36. We previously reported that the GFI1-36N allele has a prevalence of 10% to 15% among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 5% to 7% among healthy Caucasians and promotes the development of this disease. Using a multiomics approach, we show here that GFI1-36N expression is associated with increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, mutational burden, and mutational signatures in both murine and human AML and impedes homologous recombination (HR)-directed DNA repair in leukemic cells. GFI1-36N exhibits impaired binding to N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (Ndrg1) regulatory elements, causing decreased NDRG1 levels, which leads to a reduction of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) expression levels, as illustrated by both transcriptome and proteome analyses. Targeting MGMT via temozolomide, a DNA alkylating drug, and HR via olaparib, a poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 inhibitor, caused synthetic lethality in human and murine AML samples expressing GFI1-36N, whereas the effects were insignificant in nonmalignant GFI1-36S or GFI1-36N cells. In addition, mice that received transplantation with GFI1-36N leukemic cells treated with a combination of temozolomide and olaparib had significantly longer AML-free survival than mice that received transplantation with GFI1-36S leukemic cells. This suggests that reduced MGMT expression leaves GFI1-36N leukemic cells particularly vulnerable to DNA damage initiating chemotherapeutics. Our data provide critical insights into novel options to treat patients with AML carrying the GFI1-36N variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Frank
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Patnana
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Vorwerk
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lianghao Mao
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lavanya Mokada Gopal
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noelle Jung
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorben Hennig
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leo Ruhnke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joris Maximillian Frenz
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maithreyan Kuppusamy
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Autry
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lanying Wei
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kaiyan Sun
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helal Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Longlong Liu
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yahya Al-Matary
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Subbaiah Chary Nimmagadda
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fiorella Charles Cano
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thomale
- Institute of Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Theo Leitner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Hüve
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Neumann
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Refined Laser Systems GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Virginie Calderon
- Bioinformatic Core Facility, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenbauer
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Aarif M. N. Batcha
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Data Integration for Future Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianna Giorgi
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Murugan Selvam
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Eunice Wang
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jeffrey W. Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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9
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Zhang J, Chen B, Gan C, Sun H, Zhang J, Feng L. A Comprehensive Review of Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs): Mechanism, Therapeutic Targets, and Delivery Strategies for Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7605-7635. [PMID: 38106451 PMCID: PMC10725753 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery by nanocarriers has been identified as a promising strategy in the study and treatment of cancer. Short nucleotide sequences are synthesized exogenously to create siRNA, which triggers RNA interference (RNAi) in cells and silences target gene expression in a sequence-specific way. As a nucleic acid-based medicine that has gained popularity recently, siRNA exhibits novel potential for the treatment of cancer. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome before clinical siRNA delivery devices can be developed. In this review, we discuss prospective targets for siRNA drug design, explain siRNA drug properties and benefits, and give an overview of the current clinical siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Additionally, we introduce the siRNA chemical modifications and delivery systems that are clinically sophisticated and classify bioresponsive materials for siRNA release in a methodical manner. This review will serve as a reference for researchers in developing more precise and efficient targeted delivery systems, promoting ongoing advances in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Saatci O, Cetin M, Uner M, Tokat UM, Chatzistamou I, Ersan PG, Montaudon E, Akyol A, Aksoy S, Uner A, Marangoni E, Sajish M, Sahin O. Toxic PARP trapping upon cAMP-induced DNA damage reinstates the efficacy of endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment-refractory ER+ breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6997. [PMID: 37914699 PMCID: PMC10620179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors, the standard of care (SOC) in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, greatly reduces patient survival. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to SOC therapy and identifying actionable targets are urgently needed. Here, we show that SOC therapy causes DNA damage and toxic PARP1 trapping upon generation of a functional BRCAness (i.e., BRCA1/2 deficiency) phenotype, leading to increased histone parylation and reduced H3K9 acetylation, resulting in transcriptional blockage and cell death. Mechanistically, SOC therapy downregulates phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), a novel ER target gene in a feedforward loop with ER, resulting in increased cAMP, PKA-dependent phosphorylation of mitochondrial COXIV-I, ROS generation and DNA damage. However, during SOC resistance, an ER-to-EGFR switch induces PDE4D overexpression via c-Jun. Notably, combining SOC with inhibitors of PDE4D, EGFR or PARP1 overcomes SOC resistance irrespective of the BRCA1/2 status, providing actionable targets for restoring SOC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Saatci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Metin Cetin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Meral Uner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Unal Metin Tokat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Pelin Gulizar Ersan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Elodie Montaudon
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Aytekin Akyol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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11
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Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. New Facets of DNA Double Strand Break Repair: Radiation Dose as Key Determinant of HR versus c-NHEJ Engagement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14956. [PMID: 37834403 PMCID: PMC10573367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an essential component of present-day cancer management, utilizing ionizing radiation (IR) of different modalities to mitigate cancer progression. IR functions by generating ionizations in cells that induce a plethora of DNA lesions. The most detrimental among them are the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In the course of evolution, cells of higher eukaryotes have evolved four major DSB repair pathways: classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), alternative end-joining (alt-EJ), and single strand annealing (SSA). These mechanistically distinct repair pathways have different cell cycle- and homology-dependencies but, surprisingly, they operate with widely different fidelity and kinetics and therefore contribute unequally to cell survival and genome maintenance. It is therefore reasonable to anticipate tight regulation and coordination in the engagement of these DSB repair pathway to achieve the maximum possible genomic stability. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the accumulated knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underpinning these repair pathways, with emphasis on c-NHEJ and HR. We discuss factors and processes that have recently come to the fore. We outline mechanisms steering DSB repair pathway choice throughout the cell cycle, and highlight the critical role of DNA end resection in this process. Most importantly, however, we point out the strong preference for HR at low DSB loads, and thus low IR doses, for cells irradiated in the G2-phase of the cell cycle. We further explore the molecular underpinnings of transitions from high fidelity to low fidelity error-prone repair pathways and analyze the coordination and consequences of this transition on cell viability and genomic stability. Finally, we elaborate on how these advances may help in the development of improved cancer treatment protocols in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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12
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Peruzzi P, Dominas C, Fell G, Bernstock JD, Blitz S, Mazzetti D, Zdioruk M, Dawood HY, Triggs DV, Ahn SW, Bhagavatula SK, Davidson SM, Tatarova Z, Pannell M, Truman K, Ball A, Gold MP, Pister V, Fraenkel E, Chiocca EA, Ligon KL, Wen PY, Jonas O. Intratumoral drug-releasing microdevices allow in situ high-throughput pharmaco phenotyping in patients with gliomas. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0069. [PMID: 37672566 PMCID: PMC10754230 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The lack of reliable predictive biomarkers to guide effective therapy is a major obstacle to the advancement of therapy for high-grade gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), one of the few cancers whose prognosis has not improved over the past several decades. With this pilot clinical trial (number NCT04135807), we provide first-in-human evidence that drug-releasing intratumoral microdevices (IMDs) can be safely and effectively used to obtain patient-specific, high-throughput molecular and histopathological drug response profiling. These data can complement other strategies to inform the selection of drugs based on their observed antitumor effect in situ. IMDs are integrated into surgical practice during tumor resection and remain in situ only for the duration of the otherwise standard operation (2 to 3 hours). None of the six enrolled patients experienced adverse events related to the IMD, and the exposed tissue was usable for downstream analysis for 11 out of 12 retrieved specimens. Analysis of the specimens provided preliminary evidence of the robustness of the readout, compatibility with a wide array of techniques for molecular tissue interrogation, and promising similarities with the available observed clinical-radiological responses to temozolomide. From an investigational aspect, the amount of information obtained with IMDs allows characterization of tissue effects of any drugs of interest, within the physiological context of the intact tumor, and without affecting the standard surgical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine Dominas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geoffrey Fell
- Department of Data Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Blitz
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debora Mazzetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hassan Y. Dawood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel V. Triggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian W. Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharath K. Bhagavatula
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shawn M. Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Zuzana Tatarova
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Pannell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyla Truman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Ball
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxwell P. Gold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Veronika Pister
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith L. Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Y. Wen
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oliver Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Juarez-Vignon Whaley JJ, Afkhami M, Onyshchenko M, Massarelli E, Sampath S, Amini A, Bell D, Villaflor VM. Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment from Present to Future: Where Are We and Where Are We Heading? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1138-1166. [PMID: 37318724 PMCID: PMC10477128 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct in its anatomic location and biology from other epithelial head and neck cancer (HNC). There are 3 WHO subtypes, which considers the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other histopathology features. Despite the survival benefit obtained from modern treatment modalities and techniques specifically in the local and locally advanced setting, a number of patients with this disease will recur and subsequently die of distant metastasis, locoregional relapse, or both. In the recurrent setting, the ideal therapy approach continues to be a topic of discussion and current recommendations are platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Phase III clinical trials which led to the approval of pembrolizumab or nivolumab for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specifically excluded NPC. No immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, to date, has been approved by the FDA to treat NPC although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations do include use of these agents. Hence, this remains the major challenge for treatment options. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is challenging as it is really 3 different diseases, and much research is required to determine best options and sequencing of those options. This article is going to address the data to date and discuss ongoing research in EBV + and EBV - inoperable recurrent/metastatic NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Juarez-Vignon Whaley
- Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, State of Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mykola Onyshchenko
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sagus Sampath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Victoria M Villaflor
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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14
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Singh S, Saini H, Sharma A, Gupta S, Huddar VG, Tripathi R. Breast cancer: miRNAs monitoring chemoresistance and systemic therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1155254. [PMID: 37397377 PMCID: PMC10312137 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1155254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With a high mortality rate that accounts for millions of cancer-related deaths each year, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. Chemotherapy has significant potential in the prevention and spreading of breast cancer; however, drug resistance often hinders therapy in breast cancer patients. The identification and the use of novel molecular biomarkers, which can predict response to chemotherapy, might lead to tailoring breast cancer treatment. In this context, accumulating research has reported microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for early cancer detection, and are conducive to designing a more specific treatment plan by helping analyze drug resistance and sensitivity in breast cancer treatment. In this review, miRNAs are discussed in two alternative ways-as tumor suppressors to be used in miRNA replacement therapy to reduce oncogenesis and as oncomirs to lessen the translation of the target miRNA. Different miRNAs like miR-638, miR-17, miR-20b, miR-342, miR-484, miR-21, miR-24, miR-27, miR-23 and miR-200 are involved in the regulation of chemoresistance through diverse genetic targets. For instance, tumor-suppressing miRNAs like miR-342, miR-16, miR-214, and miR-128 and tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR101 and miR-106-25 cluster regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and other pathways to impart breast cancer drug resistance. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the significance of miRNA biomarkers that could assist in providing novel therapeutic targets to overcome potential chemotherapy resistance to systemic therapy and further facilitate the design of tailored therapy for enhanced efficacy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Saini
- Integrated translational Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Rog Nidan and Vikriti vigyan (Pathology), All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V. G. Huddar
- Department of Kaya Chikitsa (Internal Medicine), All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Tripathi
- Integrated translational Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Rog Nidan and Vikriti vigyan (Pathology), All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, India
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15
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Menzel M, Endris V, Schwab C, Kluck K, Neumann O, Beck S, Ball M, Schaaf C, Fröhling S, Lichtner P, Schirmacher P, Kazdal D, Stenzinger A, Budczies J. Accurate tumor purity determination is critical for the analysis of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101706. [PMID: 37327584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a predictive marker for response to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in ovarian carcinoma. HRD scores have entered routine diagnostics, but the influence of algorithms, parameters and confounders has not been analyzed comprehensively. A series of 100 poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma samples was analyzed using whole exome sequencing (WES) and genotyping. Tumor purity was determined using conventional pathology, digital pathology, and two bioinformatic methods. HRD scores were calculated from copy number profiles determined by Sequenza and by Sclust either with or without fixed tumor purity. Tumor purity determination by digital pathology combined with a tumory purity informed variant of Sequenza served as reference method for HRD scoring. Seven tumors had deleterious mutations in BRCA1/2, 12 tumors had deleterious mutations in other homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes, 18 tumors had variants of unknown significance (VUS) in BRCA1/2 or other HRR genes, while the remaining 63 tumors had no relevant alterations. Using the reference method for HRD scoring, 68 tumors were HRD-positive. HRDsum determined by WES correlated strongly with HRDsum determined by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays (R = 0.85). Conventional pathology systematically overestimated tumor purity by 8% compared to digital pathology. All investigated methods agreed on classifying the deleterious BRCA1/2-mutated tumors as HRD-positive, but discrepancies were observed for some of the remaining tumors. Discordant HRD classification of 11% of the tumors was observed comparing the tumor purity uninformed default of Sequenza and the reference method. In conclusion, tumor purity is a critical factor for the determination of HRD scores. Assistance by digital pathology helps to improve accuracy and imprecision of its estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Menzel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Klaus Kluck
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Olaf Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Susanne Beck
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Markus Ball
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian Schaaf
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Division of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; NCT Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Core Facility Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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16
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Song C, Shang F, Tu W, Liu X. Integrated pancancer analysis reveals the oncogene characteristics and prognostic value of DIP2B in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 37004015 PMCID: PMC10064539 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disco-interaction protein 2 homologue B (DIP2B) plays an important role in DNA methylation. There have been many reports on DIP2B in various diseases, but neither the diagnostic value nor the prognostic value of DIP2B across cancer types has been deeply explored. METHODS The expression levels of DIP2B in 33 cancer types were analysed based on data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. The relationships of DIP2B expression with immune cell infiltration and immune-related gene expression were studied via the CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and TISIDB tools. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed to identify pathways related to DIP2B. DIP2B knockdown by siRNA was performed in breast cancer cell lines to investigate the effect on proliferation, apoptosis and migration. The relationships of DIP2B expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analysed based on immunohistochemistry. RESULTS DIP2B was highly expressed in 26 of 33 cancer types and was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), mesothelioma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (each P < 0.05). DIP2B showed a negative correlation with the immune score, the infiltration levels of key immune killer cells (CD8 + T cells, activated NK cells and plasma cells), and the expression of major histocompatibility complex-related genes and chemokine-related genes in BRCA. Subtype analysis showed that DIP2B expression was associated with poor OS in Her-2 + BRCA patients (P < 0.05). DIP2B showed a negative correlation with immune killer cell infiltration and immune regulatory genes in BRCA subtypes. In BRCA, the GSVA results revealed that genes correlating positively with DIP2B were enriched in cancer-related pathways (PI3K-AKT) and cell-cycle-related pathways (MITOTIC_SPINDLE, G2M_CHECKPOINT and E2F_TARGETS), while genes correlating negatively with DIP2B were enriched in DNA_REPAIR. Knockdown of the DIP2B gene induced a reduction in proliferation and migration and an increase in apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. DIP2B expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and poor histological grade in BRCA according to immunohistochemistry (each P < 0.05). DIP2B expression predicted reduced disease-free survival and OS in BRCA patients (each P < 0.05), especially those with the Her-2 + subtype (P = 0.023 and P = 0.069). CONCLUSIONS DIP2B may be a prognostic biomarker for BRCA, especially for the Her-2 + subtype. DIP2B is associated with a "cold" tumour immune microenvironment in BRCA and might serve as a future target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjian Shang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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17
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La T, Chen S, Zhao XH, Zhou S, Xu R, Teng L, Zhang YY, Ye K, Xu L, Guo T, Jamaluddin MF, Feng YC, Tang HJ, Wang Y, Xu Q, Gu Y, Cao H, Liu T, Thorne RF, Shao F, Zhang XD, Jin L. LncRNA LIMp27 Regulates the DNA Damage Response through p27 in p53-Defective Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204599. [PMID: 36638271 PMCID: PMC9982580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
P53 inactivation occurs in about 50% of human cancers, where p53-driven p21 activity is devoid and p27 becomes essential for the establishment of the G1/S checkpoint upon DNA damage. Here, this work shows that the E2F1-responsive lncRNA LIMp27 selectively represses p27 expression and contributes to proliferation, tumorigenicity, and treatment resistance in p53-defective colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. LIMp27 competes with p27 mRNA for binding to cytoplasmically localized hnRNA0, which otherwise stabilizes p27 mRNA leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In response to DNA damage, LIMp27 is upregulated in both wild-type and p53-mutant COAD cells, whereas cytoplasmic hnRNPA0 is only increased in p53-mutant COAD cells due to translocation from the nucleus. Moreover, high LIMp27 expression is associated with poor survival of p53-mutant but not wild-type p53 COAD patients. These results uncover an lncRNA mechanism that promotes p53-defective cancer pathogenesis and suggest that LIMp27 may constitute a target for the treatment of such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting La
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710004China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Xiao Hong Zhao
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Ran Xu
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Liu Teng
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhang
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Kaihong Ye
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Liang Xu
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Future AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Muhammad Fairuz Jamaluddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Yu Chen Feng
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Hai Jie Tang
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Yanliang Wang
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Huixia Cao
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical ResearchUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2750Australia
| | - Rick F. Thorne
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Feng‐Min Shao
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Lei Jin
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
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18
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Liu W, Zheng M, Zhang R, Jiang Q, Du G, Wu Y, Yang C, Li F, Li W, Wang L, Wu J, Shi L, Li W, Zhang K, Zhou Z, Liu R, Gao Y, Huang X, Fan S, Zhi X, Jiang D, Chen C. RNF126-Mediated MRE11 Ubiquitination Activates the DNA Damage Response and Confers Resistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to Radiotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203884. [PMID: 36563124 PMCID: PMC9929257 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has higher molecular heterogeneity and metastatic potential and the poorest prognosis. Because of limited therapeutics against TNBC, irradiation (IR) therapy is still a common treatment option for patients with lymph nodes or brain metastasis. Thus, it is urgent to develop strategies to enhance the sensitivity of TNBC tumors to low-dose IR. Here, the authors report that E3 ubiquitin ligase Ring finger protein 126 (RNF126) is important for IR-induced ATR-CHK1 pathway activation to enhance DNA damage repair (DDR). Mechanistically, RNF126 physically associates with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and ubiquitinates MRE11 at K339 and K480 to increase its DNA exonuclease activity, subsequent RPA binding, and ATR phosphorylation, promoting sustained DDR in a homologous recombination repair-prone manner. Accordingly, depletion of RNF126 leads to increased genomic instability and radiation sensitivity in both TNBC cells and mice. Furthermore, it is found that RNF126 expression is induced by IR activating the HER2-AKT-NF-κB pathway and targeting RNF126 expression with dihydroartemisinin significantly improves the sensitivity of TNBC tumors in the brain to IR treatment in vivo. Together, these results reveal that RNF126-mediated MRE11 ubiquitination is a critical regulator of the DDR, which provides a promising target for improving the sensitivity of TNBC to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Rou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Qiuyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Guangshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of the PathologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Fubing Li
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Luzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- School of Life ScienceUniversity of Science & Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Jiao Wu
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Wenhui Li
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Translational Cancer Research CenterPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Yingzheng Gao
- Department of the Central LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Department of the Central LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathologythe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410000China
| | - Xu Zhi
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
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19
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Genomic Amplification of UBQLN4 Is a Prognostic and Treatment Resistance Factor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203311. [PMID: 36291176 PMCID: PMC9600423 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilin-4 (UBQLN4) is a proteasomal shuttle factor that directly binds to ubiquitylated proteins and delivers its cargo to the 26S proteasome for degradation. We previously showed that upregulated UBQLN4 determines the DNA damage response (DDR) through the degradation of MRE11A. However, the regulatory mechanism at DNA level, transcriptionally and post-transcriptional levels that control UBQLN4 mRNA levels remains unknown. In this study, we screened 32 solid tumor types and validated our findings by immunohistochemistry analysis. UBQLN4 is upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels and the most significant values were observed in liver, breast, ovarian, lung, and esophageal cancers. Patients with high UBQLN4 mRNA levels had significantly poor prognoses in 20 of 32 cancer types. DNA amplification was identified as the main mechanism promoting UBQLN4 upregulation in multiple cancers, even in the early phases of tumor development. Using CRISPR screen datasets, UBQLN4 was identified as a common essential gene for tumor cell viability in 81.1% (860/1,060) of the solid tumor derived cell lines. Ovarian cancer cell lines with high UBQLN4 mRNA levels were platinum-based chemotherapy resistant, while they were more sensitive to poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Our findings highlight the utilities of UBQLN4 as a significant pan-cancer theranostic factor and a precision oncology biomarker for DDR-related drug resistance.
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20
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Cai Y, Cao H, Wang F, Zhang Y, Kapranov P. Complex genomic patterns of abasic sites in mammalian DNA revealed by a high-resolution SSiNGLe-AP method. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5868. [PMID: 36198706 PMCID: PMC9534904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage plays a critical role in biology and diseases; however, how different types of DNA lesions affect cellular functions is far from clear mostly due to the paucity of high-resolution methods that can map their locations in complex genomes, such as those of mammals. Here, we present the development and validation of SSiNGLe-AP method, which can map a common type of DNA damage, abasic (AP) sites, in a genome-wide and high-resolution manner. We apply this method to six different tissues of mice with different ages and human cancer cell lines. We find a nonrandom distribution of AP sites in the mammalian genome that exhibits dynamic enrichment at specific genomic locations, including single-nucleotide hotspots, and is significantly influenced by gene expression, age and tissue type in particular. Overall, these results suggest that we are only starting to understand the true complexities in the genomic patterns of DNA damage. Abasic (AP) sites represent a prominent type of DNA damage, yet the genomics of this lesion remains unexplored. Here, the authors report a method to map such sites at the nucleotide level in complex genomes and use it to extract complex age- and tissue-dependent patterns of AP sites in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cai
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Huifen Cao
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Philipp Kapranov
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China.
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21
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Integrated analysis reveals FOXA1 and Ku70/Ku80 as targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:754. [PMID: 36050295 PMCID: PMC9436997 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a widely used antiparasitic drug and shows promising anticancer activity in various cancer types. Although multiple signaling pathways modulated by ivermectin have been identified in tumor cells, few studies have focused on the exact target of ivermectin. Herein, we report the pharmacological effects and targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer. Ivermectin caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induced cell apoptosis and DNA damage, and decreased androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer cells. Further in vivo analysis showed ivermectin could suppress 22RV1 xenograft progression. Using integrated omics profiling, including RNA-seq and thermal proteome profiling, the forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair executer Ku70/Ku80 were strongly suggested as direct targets of ivermectin in prostate cancer. The interaction of ivermectin and FOXA1 reduced the chromatin accessibility of AR signaling and the G0/G1 cell cycle regulator E2F1, leading to cell proliferation inhibition. The interaction of ivermectin and Ku70/Ku80 impaired the NHEJ repair ability. Cooperating with the downregulation of homologous recombination repair ability after AR signaling inhibition, ivermectin increased intracellular DNA double-strand breaks and finally triggered cell death. Our findings demonstrate the anticancer effect of ivermectin in prostate cancer, indicating that its use may be a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
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Benzothiazole and Chromone Derivatives as Potential ATR Kinase Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144637. [PMID: 35889508 PMCID: PMC9324009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies and the great variety of existing anticancer agents, cancer treatment remains an aggravating and challenging problem. Therefore, the development of novel anticancer drugs with a better therapeutic profile and fewer side effects to combat this persistent disease is still necessary. In this study, we report a novel series of benzothiazole and chromone derivatives that were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity as an inhibitor of ATR kinase, a master regulator of the DDR pathway. The cell viability of a set of 25 compounds was performed using MTT assay in HCT116 and HeLa cell lines, involving 72 h incubation of the compounds at a final concentration of 10 µM. Cells incubated with compounds 2c, 7h and 7l were found to show viability ≤50%, and were taken forward for dose–response studies. Among the tested compounds, three of them (2c, 7h and 7l) showed higher potency, with compound 7l exhibiting the best IC50 values in both the cell lines. Compounds 2c and 7l were found to be equally cytotoxic towards both the cell lines, namely, HCT116 and HeLa, while compound 7h showed better cytotoxicity towards HeLa cell line. For these three compounds, an immunoblot assay was carried out in order to analyze the inhibition of phosphorylation of Chk1 at Ser 317 in HeLa and HCT116 cells. Compound 7h showed inhibition of pChk1 at Ser 317 in HeLa cells at a concentration of 3.995 µM. Further analysis for Chk1 and pChk1 expression was carried out in Hela cells by treatment against all the three compounds at a range of concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 µM, wherein compound 7h showed Chk1 inhibition at 2 and 5 µM, while pChk1 expression was observed for compound 7l at a concentration of 5 µM. To support the results, the binding interactions of the compounds with the ATR kinase domain was studied through molecular docking, wherein compounds 2c, 7h and 7l showed binding interactions similar to those of Torin2, a known mTOR/ATR inhibitor. Further studies on this set of molecules is in progress for their specificity towards the ATR pathway.
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23
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Wang Q, Cui L, Li P, Wang Y. Somatic Mutation of FAT Family Genes Implicated Superior Prognosis in Patients With Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:873836. [PMID: 35836939 PMCID: PMC9273734 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT family genes encode protocadherin, which regulates tumor cell proliferation and migration. Although transcriptional levels of FAT family members had been reported in multiple malignant tumors, the association between mutation and prognosis of the FAT family in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has not been investigated. Herein, we performed a multi-omics integrative bioinformatics analysis using genomic and mRNA expression data to explore the role of gene mutations across the FAT family on clinical outcomes of STAD. The results showed that FAT mutations occurred in 174 of 435 (40%) of the samples. Patients with FAT mutations possessed significantly better progression-free survival (P = 0.019) and overall survival (P = 0.034) than those with non-FAT mutations, and FAT mutations exhibited significantly higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability. Notably, FAT mutations had a greater effect on somatic single-nucleotide variation than copy number variation and resulted in more abundant DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations. Further investigation demonstrated that FAT mutations contributed to an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), as indicated by significantly increased numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, and significantly decreased numbers of mast cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, type 2 T helper cell, and high expression of immune-promoting genes. Moreover, biological process antigen processing and presentation, DNA replication, and DDR-related pathways were significantly upregulated in patients with FAT mutations. Collectively, FAT mutations significantly improved the survival of patients with STAD by enhancing tumor immunogenicity (e.g., TMB and DDR mutations) and an inflamed TME, indicating that the FAT family might be a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Cui
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Pansong Li
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Wang,
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Mekonnen N, Yang H, Shin YK. Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Ovarian, Breast, Colorectal, Pancreatic, Non-Small Cell Lung and Prostate Cancers, and the Mechanisms of Resistance to PARP Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880643. [PMID: 35785170 PMCID: PMC9247200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly conserved DNA repair mechanism that protects cells from exogenous and endogenous DNA damage. Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) play an important role in the HR repair pathway by interacting with other DNA repair proteins such as Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, ATM, RAD51, PALB2, MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN. These pathways are frequently aberrant in cancer, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability known as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). HRD can be caused by chromosomal and subchromosomal aberrations, as well as by epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor gene promoters. Deficiency in one or more HR genes increases the risk of many malignancies. Another conserved mechanism involved in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) is base excision repair, in which poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes play an important role. PARP inhibitors (PARPIs) convert SSBs to more cytotoxic double-strand breaks, which are repaired in HR-proficient cells, but remain unrepaired in HRD. The blockade of both HR and base excision repair pathways is the basis of PARPI therapy. The use of PARPIs can be expanded to sporadic cancers displaying the “BRCAness” phenotype. Although PARPIs are effective in many cancers, their efficacy is limited by the development of resistance. In this review, we summarize the prevalence of HRD due to mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and promoter hypermethylation of 35 DNA repair genes in ovarian, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome PARPI resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negesse Mekonnen
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hobin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- LOGONE Bio Convergence Research Foundation, Center for Companion Diagnostics, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Kee Shin,
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Jahan Z, Benthani FA, Currey N, Parker HW, Dahlstrom JE, Caldon CE, Kohonen-Corish MRJ. MCC Gene Silencing Is a CpG Island Methylator Phenotype-Associated Factor That Predisposes Colon Cancer Cells to Irinotecan and Olaparib. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122859. [PMID: 35740525 PMCID: PMC9221012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA hypermethylation of specific regulatory regions causes gene silencing that is an important cancer-promoting mechanism. A subset of colorectal cancers display concordant hypermethylation and silencing of multiple genes, and this appears to change the way in which tumors respond to some cancer therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the presence of the MCC gene silencing relates to the highly methylated subset of colorectal cancers and how it may affect therapy responsiveness. We found that strong MCC silencing is found throughout the hypermethylated subset, but MCC expression is also lost or reduced in some other tumors which show hypomethylated regions of the gene. In cell culture experiments, the deletion of MCC increased the responsiveness of cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug irinotecan (SN38), and this was further augmented by a targeted cancer drug, the PARP-inhibitor Olaparib. Abstract Chemotherapy is a mainstay of colorectal cancer treatment, and often involves a combination drug regime. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-positive tumors are potentially more responsive to the topoisomerase-inhibitor irinotecan. The mechanistic basis of the increased sensitivity of CIMP cancers to irinotecan is poorly understood. Mutated in Colorectal Cancer (MCC) is emerging as a multifunctional tumor suppressor gene in colorectal and liver cancers, and has been implicated in drug responsiveness. Here, we found that CIMP tumors undergo MCC loss almost exclusively via promoter hypermethylation rather than copy number variation or mutations. A subset of cancers display hypomethylation which is also associated with low MCC expression, particularly in rectal cancer, where CIMP is rare. MCC knockdown or deletion was found to sensitize cells to SN38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan) or the PARP-inhibitor Olaparib. A synergistic effect on cell death was evident when these drugs were used concurrently. The improved SN38/irinotecan efficacy was accompanied by the down-regulation of DNA repair genes. Thus, differential methylation of MCC is potentially a valuable biomarker to identify colorectal cancers suitable for irinotecan therapy, possibly in combination with PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Jahan
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (Z.J.); (H.W.P.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (F.A.B.); (N.C.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Fahad A. Benthani
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (F.A.B.); (N.C.); (C.E.C.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nicola Currey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (F.A.B.); (N.C.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Hannah W. Parker
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (Z.J.); (H.W.P.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jane E. Dahlstrom
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital and Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia;
| | - C. Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (F.A.B.); (N.C.); (C.E.C.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Maija R. J. Kohonen-Corish
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (Z.J.); (H.W.P.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (F.A.B.); (N.C.); (C.E.C.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Microbiome Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9114-0275
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Mehta S, Zhang J. Liquid-liquid phase separation drives cellular function and dysfunction in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:239-252. [PMID: 35149762 PMCID: PMC10036213 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably reproducing cells. It is governed by biochemical pathways that have escaped the regulatory bounds of normal homeostatic balance. This balance is maintained through precise spatiotemporal regulation of these pathways. The formation of biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has recently emerged as a widespread mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal coordination of biological activities in cells. Biomolecular condensates are widely observed to directly regulate key cellular processes involved in cancer cell pathology, and the dysregulation of LLPS is increasingly implicated as a previously hidden driver of oncogenic activity. In this Perspective, we discuss how LLPS shapes the biochemical landscape of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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27
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Esemen Y, Awan M, Parwez R, Baig A, Rahman S, Masala I, Franchini S, Giakoumettis D. Molecular Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma in Adults and Future Perspectives: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052607. [PMID: 35269752 PMCID: PMC8910150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Recent appreciation of the heterogeneity amongst these tumours not only changed the WHO classification approach, but also created the need for developing novel and personalised therapies. This systematic review aims to highlight recent advancements in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the GBM and discuss related novel treatment targets. A systematic search of the literature in the PubMed library was performed following the PRISMA guidelines for molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic advances. Original and meta-analyses studies from the last ten years were reviewed using pre-determined search terms. The results included articles relevant to GBM development focusing on the aberrancy in cell signaling pathways and intracellular events. Theragnostic targets and vaccination to treat GBM were also explored. The molecular pathophysiology of GBM is complex. Our systematic review suggests targeting therapy at the stemness, p53 mediated pathways and immune modulation. Exciting novel immune therapy involving dendritic cell vaccines, B-cell vaccines and viral vectors may be the future of treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Esemen
- Neurosurgical Department, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, London RM7 0AG, UK; (Y.E.); (M.A.); (R.P.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Mariam Awan
- Neurosurgical Department, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, London RM7 0AG, UK; (Y.E.); (M.A.); (R.P.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Rabeeia Parwez
- Neurosurgical Department, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, London RM7 0AG, UK; (Y.E.); (M.A.); (R.P.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Arsalan Baig
- Neurosurgical Department, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, London RM7 0AG, UK; (Y.E.); (M.A.); (R.P.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Shahinur Rahman
- Neurosurgical Department, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, London RM7 0AG, UK; (Y.E.); (M.A.); (R.P.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Ilaria Masala
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
| | - Sonia Franchini
- General Surgery Department, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, London RM7 0AG, UK;
| | - Dimitrios Giakoumettis
- Neurosurgical Department, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, London RM7 0AG, UK; (Y.E.); (M.A.); (R.P.); (A.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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In Vitro and Computational Studies of Perezone and Perezone Angelate as Potential Anti-Glioblastoma Multiforme Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051565. [PMID: 35268667 PMCID: PMC8911992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most malignant type of astrocytoma, with a life expectancy of two years. It has been shown that Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein is over-expressed in GBM cells, while its expression in healthy tissue is low. In addition, perezone, a phyto-compound, is a PARP-1 inhibitor with anti-neoplastic activity. As a consequence, in the present study, both in vitro and computational evaluations of perezone and its chemically related compound, perezone angelate, as anti-GBM agents were performed. Hence, the anti-proliferative assay showed that perezone angelate induces higher cytotoxicity in the GBM cell line (U373 IC50 = 6.44 μM) than perezone (U373 IC50 = 51.20 μM) by induction of apoptosis. In addition, perezone angelate showed low cytotoxic activity in rat glial cells (IC50 = 173.66 μM). PARP-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 5.25 μM) and oxidative stress induction by perezone angelate were corroborated employing in vitro studies. In the other hand, the performed docking studies allowed explaining the PARP-1 inhibitory activity of perezone angelate, and ADMET studies showed its probability to permeate cell membranes and the blood–brain barrier, which is an essential characteristic of drugs to treat neurological diseases. Finally, it is essential to highlight that the results confirm perezone angelate as a potential anti-GBM agent.
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Sunkara T, Bandaru SS, Boyilla R, Kunadharaju R, Kukkadapu P, Chennamadhavuni A. Poly Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e22575. [PMID: 35228986 PMCID: PMC8879621 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States and eleventh worldwide. The majority of patients present with advanced disease with five-year overall survival of less than 10%. Traditional chemotherapy has been the mainstay treatment for years, with limited improvement in survival. Relative success has been achieved with agents targeting the DNA damage repair (DDR) mechanisms with poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. The initial benefit was observed in patients with germline breast cancer-associated (BRCA) mutations. Multiple trials are now underway exploring PARP inhibitors in other DDR mutations such as the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene (familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome), mismatch repair genes (Lynch syndrome), and others. PARP inhibitors are being evaluated as a single agent or combination chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and maintenance after chemotherapy. Here, we review current clinical trials targeting various DDR mutations and treatment strategies.
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Hsp90 inhibition sensitizes DLBCL cells to cisplatin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:431-440. [PMID: 35190872 PMCID: PMC8956557 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Platinum-containing therapy is standard treatment for relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the efficacy of treatment is limited by drug resistance leading to relapse. Cisplatin resistance has been linked to impairments of the DNA damage response, and several DNA repair proteins have been identified as clients of the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Here, we investigated the combinatory treatment of cisplatin and the Hsp90 inhibitor, 17AAG, in DLBCL cells to evaluate if inhibition of Hsp90 could sensitize DLBCL cells to cisplatin treatment. Methods Cell viability was assessed for cisplatin and 17AAG as monotherapies and for 25 different combinations in 7 DLBCL cell lines, where the Bliss Independence Model and the Combination Index were applied to assess their interaction. Induction of apoptosis and DNA damage response were evaluated by measuring Annexin V and γH2AX levels after 48 h of exposure. Results 17AAG synergized with cisplatin in DLBCL cells as detected in both interaction assessment models, resulting in a lower viability after 48 h for the combination-treated cells compared to both vehicle and single drug-treated cells. The combination also induced a stronger apoptotic response and an increase in DNA damage in 17AAG, cisplatin- and combination-treated cells compared to vehicle-treated cells, with the effect of the combination generally being higher than compared to both single drugs. Conclusion This study demonstrates that 17AAG sensitizes DLBCL cells to cisplatin treatment. This effect is correlated with increased apoptotic and DNA damage response, potentially mediated by downregulation of Hsp90 clients in DNA repair pathways. Thus, cisplatin resistance could plausibly be overcome by combining the treatment with an Hsp90 inhibiting drug. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00280-022-04407-5.
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Identifying Transcripts with Tandem Duplications from RNA-Sequencing Data to Predict BRCA1-Type Primary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030753. [PMID: 35159019 PMCID: PMC8833645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) is a biomarker for the response to PARP inhibitor anti-cancer treatment. Therefore, methods that detect the HRD phenotype in cancers in a (cost-)effective manner are pivotal. In this respect, the HRDetect and CHORD algorithms were developed to classify (the type of) HRD cancers from whole genome sequencing data. In addition, functional assays have also been established, but these require fresh cancer tissue. Here we present a novel method to specifically classify BRCA1-type HRD from RNA-sequencing data with high sensitivity. BRCA1-type cancers typically display small (<10 kb) tandem duplications, in contrast to BRCA2-type cancers. By detecting these small TDs among transcripts, we increase the toolbox for detecting HRD with a method that does not require whole genome sequencing of both tumor and normal tissue. Abstract Patients with cancers that are deficient for homologous recombination repair (HRD) may benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment. Therefore, methods that identify such cancers are crucial. Using whole genome sequencing data, specific genomic scars derived from somatic mutations and genomic rearrangements can identify HRD tumors, with only BRCA1-like HRD cancers profoundly displaying small (<10 kb) tandem duplications (TDs). In this manuscript we describe a method of detecting BRCA1-type HRD in breast cancer (BC) solely from RNA sequencing data by identifying TDs surfacing in transcribed genes. We find that the number of identified TDs (TD-score) is significantly higher in BRCA1-type vs. BRCA2-type BCs, or vs. HR-proficient BCs (p = 2.4 × 10−6 and p = 2.7 × 10−12, respectively). A TD-score ≥2 shows an 88.2% sensitivity (30 out of 34) to detect a BRCA1-type BC, with a specificity of 64.7% (143 out of 221). Pathway enrichment analyses showed genes implicated in cancer to be affected by TDs of which PTEN was found significantly more frequently affected by a TD in BRCA1-type BC. In conclusion, we here describe a novel method to identify TDs in transcripts and classify BRCA1-type BCs with high sensitivity.
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Kang HG, Hwangbo H, Kim MJ, Kim S, Lee EJ, Park MJ, Kim JW, Kim BG, Cho EH, Chang S, Lee JY, Choi JK. Aberrant Transcript Usage Is Associated with Homologous Recombination Deficiency and Predicts Therapeutic Response. Cancer Res 2022; 82:142-154. [PMID: 34711610 PMCID: PMC9397646 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1/2 mutations account for only a small fraction of homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD) cases. Recently developed genomic HRD (gHRD) tests suffer confounding factors that cause low precision in predicting samples that will respond to PARP inhibitors and DNA damaging agents. Here we present molecular and clinical evidence of transcriptional HRD (tHRD) that is based on aberrant transcript usage (aTU) of minor isoforms. Specifically, increased TU of nonfunctional isoforms of DNA repair genes was prevalent in breast and ovarian cancer with gHRD. Functional assays validated the association of aTU with impaired HR activity. Machine learning-based tHRD detection by the transcript usage (TU) pattern of key genes was superior to directly screening for gHRD or BRCA1/2 mutations in accurately predicting responses of cell lines and patients with cancer to PARP inhibitors and genotoxic drugs. This approach demonstrated the capability of tHRD status to reflect functional HR status, including in a cohort of olaparib-treated ovarian cancer with acquired platinum resistance. Diagnostic tests based on tHRD are expected to broaden the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel but widespread transcriptional mechanism by which homologous recombination deficiency arises independently of BRCA1/2 mutations can be utilized as a companion diagnostic for PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Gu Kang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Hwangbo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Weon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hae Cho
- Genome Research Center, GC Genome, GC Labs, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Corresponding Authors: Eun-Hae Cho, GC Genome, GC Labs, 107 Ihyeonro, 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16924, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-31-260-9216; E-mail: ; Suhwan Chang, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Pungnap 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-3010-2095; E-mail: ; Jung-Yun Lee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-2228-2237; E-mail: ; and Jung Kyoon Choi, YBS Building (E16-1), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-42-350-4327; E-mail:
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Corresponding Authors: Eun-Hae Cho, GC Genome, GC Labs, 107 Ihyeonro, 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16924, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-31-260-9216; E-mail: ; Suhwan Chang, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Pungnap 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-3010-2095; E-mail: ; Jung-Yun Lee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-2228-2237; E-mail: ; and Jung Kyoon Choi, YBS Building (E16-1), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-42-350-4327; E-mail:
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Corresponding Authors: Eun-Hae Cho, GC Genome, GC Labs, 107 Ihyeonro, 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16924, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-31-260-9216; E-mail: ; Suhwan Chang, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Pungnap 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-3010-2095; E-mail: ; Jung-Yun Lee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-2228-2237; E-mail: ; and Jung Kyoon Choi, YBS Building (E16-1), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-42-350-4327; E-mail:
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,PentaMedix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Corresponding Authors: Eun-Hae Cho, GC Genome, GC Labs, 107 Ihyeonro, 30beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16924, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-31-260-9216; E-mail: ; Suhwan Chang, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Pungnap 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-3010-2095; E-mail: ; Jung-Yun Lee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-2-2228-2237; E-mail: ; and Jung Kyoon Choi, YBS Building (E16-1), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-42-350-4327; E-mail:
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Sharma M, Anand P, Padwad YS, Dogra V, Acharya V. DNA damage response proteins synergistically affect the cancer prognosis and resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:174-188. [PMID: 34848370 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of oxidative stress can be utilized as a strategy to attenuate cancer progression by instigating apoptosis. However, the duration of positive response to such therapies is limited, as cancer cells eventually develop resistance. The underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer cells to escape apoptosis under oxidative stress is unknown. Employing big data, and its integration with transcriptome, proteome and network analysis in six cancer types revealed system-level interactions between DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, including; DNA damage repair, cell cycle checkpoints and anti-apoptotic proteins. Cancer system biology is used to elucidate mechanisms for cancer progression, but networks defining mechanisms causing resistance is less explored. Using system biology, we identified DDR hubs between G1-S and M phases that were associated with bad prognosis. The increased expression of DDR network was involved in resistance under high oxidative stress. We validated our findings by combining H2O2 induced oxidative stress and DDR inhibitors in human lung cancer cells to conclude the necessity of targeting a 'disease-causing network'. Collectively, our work provides insights toward designing strategies for network pharmacology to combat resistance in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetal Sharma
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prince Anand
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Plant Molecular Biology and Stress Signalling Lab, Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Kneubil M, Goulart K, Brollo J, Coelho G, Mandelli J, Orlandin B, Corso L, Roesch-Ely M, Henriques J. Predictive value of DNA repair gene expression for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11857. [PMID: 35293552 PMCID: PMC8922549 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis using microarrays has revolutionized breast cancer (BC)
research. A substantial body of evidence supports the clinical utility of the
21-gene assay (Oncotype DX) and 70-gene assay (MammaPrint) to predict BC
recurrence and the magnitude of benefit from chemotherapy. However, there is
currently no genetic tool able to predict chemosensitivity and chemoresistance
to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) during BC treatment. In this study, we
explored the predictive value of DNA repair gene expression in the neoadjuvant
setting. We selected 98 patients with BC treated with NACT. We assessed DNA
repair expression in 98 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded core biopsy fragments
used at diagnosis and in 32 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded post-NACT residual
tumors using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The
following genes were selected: BRCA1, PALB2,
RAD51C, BRCA2, ATM,
FANCA, MSH2, XPA,
ERCC1, PARP1, and SNM1.
Of 98 patients, 33 (33.7%) achieved pathologic complete response (pCR). The DNA
expression of 2 genes assessed in pre-NACT biopsies (PALB2 and
ERCC1) was lower in pCR than in non-pCR patients (P=0.005
and P=0.009, respectively). There was no correlation between molecular subtype
and expression of DNA repair genes. The genes BRCA2 (P=0.009),
ATM (P=0.004), FANCA (P=0.001), and
PARP1 (P=0.011) showed a lower expression in post-NACT
residual tumor samples (n=32) than in pre-NACT biopsy samples (n=98). The
expression of 2 genes (PALB2 and ERCC1) was
lower in pCR patients. These alterations in DNA repair could be considered
suitable targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Kneubil
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil; Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil
| | | | - J. Brollo
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - L.L. Corso
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil; Instituto Hercílio Randon, Brasil
| | | | - J.A.P. Henriques
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil; Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Brasil
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AU-Rich Element RNA Binding Proteins: At the Crossroads of Post-Transcriptional Regulation and Genome Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010096. [PMID: 35008519 PMCID: PMC8744917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity must be tightly preserved to ensure cellular survival and to deter the genesis of disease. Endogenous and exogenous stressors that impose threats to genomic stability through DNA damage are counteracted by a tightly regulated DNA damage response (DDR). RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as regulators and mediators of diverse biological processes. Specifically, RBPs that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) have emerged as key players in regulating the DDR and preserving genome integrity. Here we review eight established AU-RBPs (AUF1, HuR, KHSRP, TIA-1, TIAR, ZFP36, ZFP36L1, ZFP36L2) and their ability to maintain genome integrity through various interactions. We have reviewed canonical roles of AU-RBPs in regulating the fate of mRNA transcripts encoding DDR genes at multiple post-transcriptional levels. We have also attempted to shed light on non-canonical roles of AU-RBPs exploring their post-translational modifications (PTMs) and sub-cellular localization in response to genotoxic stresses by various factors involved in DDR and genome maintenance. Dysfunctional AU-RBPs have been increasingly found to be associated with many human cancers. Further understanding of the roles of AU-RBPS in maintaining genomic integrity may uncover novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Urbina-Jara LK, Martinez-Ledesma E, Rojas-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Recio FR, Ortiz-Lopez R. DNA Repair Genes as Drug Candidates for Early Breast Cancer Onset in Latin America: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13030. [PMID: 34884835 PMCID: PMC8657579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of breast cancer in young women (YWBC) has increased alarmingly. Significant efforts are being made to elucidate the biological mechanisms concerning the development, prognosis, and pathological response in early-onset breast cancer (BC) patients. Dysfunctional DNA repair proteins are implied in BC predisposition, progression, and therapy response, underscoring the need for further analyses on DNA repair genes. Public databases of large patient datasets such as METABRIC, TCGA, COSMIC, and cancer cell lines allow the identification of variants in DNA repair genes and possible precision drug candidates. This study aimed at identifying variants and drug candidates that may benefit Latin American (LA) YWBC. We analyzed pathogenic variants in 90 genes involved in DNA repair in public BC datasets from METABRIC, TCGA, COSMIC, CCLE, and COSMIC Cell Lines Project. Results showed that reported DNA repair germline variants in the LA dataset are underrepresented in large databases, in contrast to other populations. Additionally, only six gene repair variants in women under 50 years old from the study population were reported in BC cell lines. Therefore, there is a need for new approaches to study DNA repair variants reported in young women from LA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (L.K.U.-J.); (E.M.-L.); (A.R.-M.); (F.R.R.-R.)
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Bermúdez-Guzmán L. Pan-cancer analysis of non-oncogene addiction to DNA repair. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23264. [PMID: 34853396 PMCID: PMC8636604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells usually depend on the aberrant function of one or few driver genes to initiate and promote their malignancy, an attribute known as oncogene addiction. However, cancer cells might become dependent on the normal cellular functions of certain genes that are not oncogenes but ensure cell survival (non-oncogene addiction). The downregulation or silencing of DNA repair genes and the consequent genetic and epigenetic instability is key to promote malignancy, but the activation of the DNA-damage response (DDR) has been shown to become a type of non-oncogene addiction that critically supports tumour survival. In the present study, a systematic evaluation of DNA repair addiction at the pan-cancer level was performed using data derived from The Cancer Dependency Map and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). From 241 DDR genes, 59 were identified as commonly essential in cancer cell lines. However, large differences were observed in terms of dependency scores in 423 cell lines and transcriptomic alterations across 18 cancer types. Among these 59 commonly essential genes, 14 genes were exclusively associated with better overall patient survival and 19 with worse overall survival. Notably, a specific molecular signature among the latter, characterized by DDR genes like UBE2T, RFC4, POLQ, BRIP1, and H2AFX showing the weakest dependency scores, but significant upregulation was strongly associated with worse survival. The present study supports the existence and importance of non-oncogenic addiction to DNA repair in cancer and may facilitate the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bermúdez-Guzmán
- Robotic Radiosurgery Center, International Cancer Center, San José, Costa Rica. .,Section of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica.
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38
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Impact of Chromatin Dynamics and DNA Repair on Genomic Stability and Treatment Resistance in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225678. [PMID: 34830833 PMCID: PMC8616465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are the leading cause of mortality in pediatric neuro-oncology, due in great part to treatment resistance driven by complex DNA repair mechanisms. pHGGs have recently been divided into molecular subtypes based on mutations affecting the N-terminal tail of the histone variant H3.3 and the ATRX/DAXX histone chaperone that deposits H3.3 at repetitive heterochromatin loci that are of paramount importance to the stability of our genome. This review addresses the functions of H3.3 and ATRX/DAXX in chromatin dynamics and DNA repair, as well as the impact of mutations affecting H3.3/ATRX/DAXX on treatment resistance and how the vulnerabilities they expose could foster novel therapeutic strategies. Abstract Despite their low incidence, pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), are the leading cause of mortality in pediatric neuro-oncology. Recurrent, mutually exclusive mutations affecting K27 (K27M) and G34 (G34R/V) in the N-terminal tail of histones H3.3 and H3.1 act as key biological drivers of pHGGs. Notably, mutations in H3.3 are frequently associated with mutations affecting ATRX and DAXX, which encode a chaperone complex that deposits H3.3 into heterochromatic regions, including telomeres. The K27M and G34R/V mutations lead to distinct epigenetic reprogramming, telomere maintenance mechanisms, and oncogenesis scenarios, resulting in distinct subgroups of patients characterized by differences in tumor localization, clinical outcome, as well as concurrent epigenetic and genetic alterations. Contrasting with our understanding of the molecular biology of pHGGs, there has been little improvement in the treatment of pHGGs, with the current mainstays of therapy—genotoxic chemotherapy and ionizing radiation (IR)—facing the development of tumor resistance driven by complex DNA repair pathways. Chromatin and nucleosome dynamics constitute important modulators of the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we summarize the major DNA repair pathways that contribute to resistance to current DNA damaging agent-based therapeutic strategies and describe the telomere maintenance mechanisms encountered in pHGGs. We then review the functions of H3.3 and its chaperones in chromatin dynamics and DNA repair, as well as examining the impact of their mutation/alteration on these processes. Finally, we discuss potential strategies targeting DNA repair and epigenetic mechanisms as well as telomere maintenance mechanisms, to improve the treatment of pHGGs.
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Park S, Kim J, Choi J, Lee C, Lee W, Park S, Park Z, Baek J, Nam J. Lipid raft-disrupting miltefosine preferentially induces the death of colorectal cancer stem-like cells. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e552. [PMID: 34841679 PMCID: PMC8567043 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid rafts (LRs), cholesterol-enriched microdomains on cell membranes, are increasingly viewed as signalling platforms governing critical facets of cancer progression. The phenotype of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) presents significant hurdles for successful cancer treatment, and the expression of several CSC markers is associated with LR integrity. However, LR implications in CSCs remain unclear. METHODS This study evaluated the biological and molecular functions of LRs in colorectal cancer (CRC) by using an LR-disrupting alkylphospholipid (APL) drug, miltefosine. The mechanistic role of miltefosine in CSC inhibition was examined through normal or tumour intestinal mouse organoid, human CRC cell, CRC xenograft and miltefosine treatment gene expression profile analyses. RESULTS Miltefosine suppresses CSC populations and their self-renewal activities in CRC cells, a CSC-targeting effect leading to irreversible disruption of tumour-initiating potential in vivo. Mechanistically, miltefosine reduced the expression of a set of genes, leading to stem cell death. Among them, miltefosine transcriptionally inhibited checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1), indicating that LR integrity is essential for CHEK1 expression regulation. In isolated CD44high CSCs, we found that CSCs exhibited stronger therapy resistance than non-CSC counterparts by preventing cell death through CHEK1-mediated cell cycle checkpoints. However, inhibition of the LR/CHEK1 axis by miltefosine released cell cycle checkpoints, forcing CSCs to enter inappropriate mitosis with accumulated DNA damage and resulting in catastrophic cell death. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of LR-targeting APLs for CRC treatment that overcomes the therapy-resistant phenotype of CSCs, highlighting the importance of the LR/CHEK1 axis as a novel mechanism of APLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So‐Yeon Park
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- Cell Logistics Research CenterGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jee‐Heun Kim
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jang‐Hyun Choi
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Choong‐Jae Lee
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Won‐Jae Lee
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Zee‐Yong Park
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Heum Baek
- Division of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryGil Medical CenterGachon University College of MedicineIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Seok Nam
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- Cell Logistics Research CenterGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
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40
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Gundogdu R, Erdogan MK, Ditsiou A, Spanswick V, Garcia-Gomez JJ, Hartley JA, Esashi F, Hergovich A, Gomez V. hMOB2 deficiency impairs homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and sensitises cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110106. [PMID: 34363951 PMCID: PMC8514680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle-one binder (MOBs) proteins are evolutionarily conserved and contribute to various cellular signalling pathways. Recently, we reported that hMOB2 functions in preventing the accumulation of endogenous DNA damage and a subsequent p53/p21-dependent G1/S cell cycle arrest in untransformed cells. However, the question of how hMOB2 protects cells from endogenous DNA damage accumulation remained enigmatic. Here, we uncover hMOB2 as a regulator of double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR). hMOB2 supports the phosphorylation and accumulation of the RAD51 recombinase on resected single-strand DNA (ssDNA) overhangs. Physiologically, hMOB2 expression supports cancer cell survival in response to DSB-inducing anti-cancer compounds. Specifically, loss of hMOB2 renders ovarian and other cancer cells more vulnerable to FDA-approved PARP inhibitors. Reduced MOB2 expression correlates with increased overall survival in patients suffering from ovarian carcinoma. Taken together, our findings suggest that hMOB2 expression may serve as a candidate stratification biomarker of patients for HR-deficiency targeted cancer therapies, such as PARP inhibitor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Gundogdu
- Department of Biology, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - M Kadir Erdogan
- Department of Biology, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Angeliki Ditsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | | | - John A Hartley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Fumiko Esashi
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Alexander Hergovich
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Evotec France, Toulouse 31100, France
| | - Valenti Gomez
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Huang L, Xu W, Yan D, Shi X, You X, Xu J, You P, Ke Y, Dai L. An insertion variant of MGMT disrupts a STAT1 binding site and confers susceptibility to glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:506. [PMID: 34544433 PMCID: PMC8454171 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a pivotal enzyme for repairing DNA alkylation damage. Epigenetic modification of MGMT has been well known as a promising prognostic biomarker for glioma. However, the significance of genetic variations of MGMT in glioma carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Methods The associations between expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of MGMT and glioma susceptibility were evaluated in a case–control study of 1056 individuals. The function of susceptibility locus for glioma was explored with a set of biochemical assays, including luciferase reporter gene, EMSA and supershift EMSA, ChIP, and siRNA knockdown. Results We found that rs11016798 TT genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of glioma (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39–0.85; P = 0.006). Stratification analyses indicated that the association between rs11016798 and glioma was more pronounced in males (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97; P = 0.035), older subjects (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.27–0.80; P = 0.006), WHO grade IV glioma (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.96; P = 0.033), and IDH wildtype glioma (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.88; P = 0.022). We characterized an insertion variant rs10659396 in the upstream of MGMT as a causative variant. The risk allele rs10659396 ins allele was demonstrated to downregulate MGMT expression by disrupting a STAT1 binding site. Knockdown of STAT1 remarkably attenuated MGMT expression. Moreover, the rs10659396 allele-specific positive correlation was observed between the expression of STAT1 and MGMT in population. Conclusions The study demonstrates that an insertion variant of MGMT rs10659396 confers susceptibility to glioma by downregulating MGMT expression through disrupting a STAT1 binding site. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02211-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China. .,Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Wenshen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Danfang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Pingping You
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ke
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lian Dai
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #363 Guobin Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Mwapagha LM, Chibanga V, Shipanga H, Parker MI. New insights from Whole Genome Sequencing: BCLAF1 deletion as a structural variant that predisposes cells towards cellular transformation. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:229. [PMID: 34490482 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from a multi‑step cellular transformation process where some mutations may be inherited, while others are acquired during the process of malignant transformation. Aberrations in the BCL2 associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) gene have previously been identified in patients with cancer and the aim of the present study was to identify structural variants (SVs) and the effects of BCLAF1 gene silencing on cell transformation. Whole‑genome sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from tumour biopsies with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Paired‑end sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2000, with 300 bp reads. Reads were aligned to the Homo sapiens reference genome (NCBI37) using ELAND and CASAVA software. SVs reported from the alignment were collated with gene loci, using the variant effect predictor of Ensembl. The affected genes were subsequently cross‑checked against the Genetic Association Database for disease and cancer associations. BCLAF1 deletion was identified as a noteworthy SV that could be associated with OSCC. Transient small interfering RNA‑mediated knockdown of BCLAF1 resulted in the altered expression of several downstream genes, including downregulation of the proapoptotic genes Caspase‑3 and BAX and the DNA damage repair genes exonuclease 1, ATR‑interacting protein and transcription regulator protein BACH1. BCLAF1 deficiency also attenuated P53 gene expression. Inhibition of BCLAF1 expression also resulted in increased colony formation. These results provide evidence that the abrogation of BCLAF1 expression results in the dysregulation of several cancer signalling pathways and abnormal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamech M Mwapagha
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
| | - Vimbaishe Chibanga
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
| | - Hendrina Shipanga
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
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Crowley F, Park W, O'Reilly EM. Targeting DNA damage repair pathways in pancreas cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:891-908. [PMID: 34403012 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the USA. While other cancers with historically poor prognoses have benefited from new immunotherapies and targeted agents, the 5-year survival rate for PDAC patients has remained static. The accessibility to genomic testing has improved in recent years, and it is now clear that PDAC is a heterogenous disease, with a subset of patients harboring actionable mutations. There are several targeted therapies approved by the Food and Drug administration (FDA) in PDAC: EGFR inhibitor erlotinib (combined with gemcitabine) in unselected patients, TRK inhibitors larotrectinib and entrectinib for patients with NTRK fusion mutation, the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for mismatch repair-deficient patients, and the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib in patients with germline BRCA mutation as a maintenance therapy. DNA damage repair (DDR) is paramount to genomic integrity and cell survival. The defective repair of DNA damage is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and abnormalities in DDR pathways are closely linked with the development of malignancies and upregulation of these pathways linked with resistance to treatment. The prevalence of somatic and germline mutations in DDR pathways in metastatic PDAC is reported to be approximately 15-25%. Patients with DDR gene alterations benefit from a personalized approach to treatment. Recently, the POLO trial demonstrated a progression-free survival (PFS) benefit in metastatic PDAC patients with a germline BRCA1/2 mutation treated with maintenance olaparib following platinum-based induction chemotherapy. This was the first phase 3 randomized trial to establish a biomarker-driven approach in the treatment of PDAC and establishes a precedent for maintenance therapy in PDAC. The review herein aims to outline the current treatment landscape for PDAC patients with DDR gene-mutated tumors, highlight novel therapeutic approaches focused on surmounting tumor resistance, and explore new strategies which may lead to an expansion in the number of patients who benefit from these targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, Office 1021, New York, NY, USA.,Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside West Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wungki Park
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, Office 1021, New York, NY, USA.,David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreas Research, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, Office 1021, New York, NY, USA. .,David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreas Research, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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44
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Dysfunctional activity of classical DNA end-joining renders acquired resistance to carboplatin in human ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:267-280. [PMID: 34375710 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy worldwide. Although chemotherapy is required as the most standard treatment strategy for ovarian cancer, the survival rates are very low, largely because of high incidence of recurrence due to resistance to conventional surgery and genotoxic chemotherapies. Carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells were generated by continuous treatment over six months. Carboplatin-resistance induced morphological alterations and promoted the rates of proliferation and migration of SKOV3 compared to the parental cells. Interestingly, carboplatin-resistant SKOV3 showed the high levels of γH2AX foci formed at the basal level, and the levels of γH2AX foci remained even after the recovery time, suggesting that the DNA damage response and repair machinery were severely attenuated by carboplatin-resistance. Surprisingly, the expression levels of XRCC4, a critical factor in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair, were significantly decreased in carboplatin-resistant SKOV3 compared with those in non-resistant controls. Furthermore, restoration of NHEJ in carboplatin-resistant SKOV3 by suppression of ABCB1 and/or AR re-sensitized carboplatin-resistant cells to genotoxic stress and reduced their proliferation ability. Our findings suggest that attenuation of the NHEJ DNA repair machinery mediated by resistance to genotoxic stress might be a critical cause of chemoresistance in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Lyu L, Lin TC, McCarty N. TRIM44 mediated p62 deubiquitination enhances DNA damage repair by increasing nuclear FLNA and 53BP1 expression. Oncogene 2021; 40:5116-5130. [PMID: 34211088 PMCID: PMC9744239 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells show increases in protein degradation pathways, including autophagy, during progression to meet the increased protein degradation demand and support cell survival. On the other hand, reduced autophagy activity during aging is associated with a reduced DNA damage response and increased genomic instability. Therefore, it is a puzzling how DNA repair can be increased in cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapies or during progression when autophagy activity is intact or increased. We discovered that tripartite motif containing 44 (TRIM44) is a pivotal element regulating the DNA damage response in cancer cells with intact autophagy. TRIM44 deubiquitinates p62, an autophagy substrate, which leads to its oligomerization. This prevents p62 localization to the nucleus upon irradiation. Increased cytoplasmic retention of p62 by TRIM44 prevents the degradation of FLNA and 53BP1, which increases DNA damage repair. Together, our data support TRIM44 a potential therapeutic target for therapy-resistant tumor cells with intact autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lyu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Disease, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), the University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Tsung-Chin Lin
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Disease, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), the University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Nami McCarty
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Disease, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), the University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Correspondence: Nami McCarty, Ph.D., University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., IMM-630A, Houston, TX 77030, USA, , Tel: 713-500-2495, Fax: 713-500-2424
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Meessen S, Currey N, Jahan Z, Parker HW, Jenkins MA, Buchanan DD, Hopper JL, Segelov E, Dahlstrom JE, Kohonen-Corish MRJ. Tetranucleotide and Low Microsatellite Instability Are Inversely Associated with the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143529. [PMID: 34298744 PMCID: PMC8308094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A type of DNA mismatch repair defect known as “elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats” (EMAST) is found across many different cancers. Tetranucleotide microsatellite instability, which is caused by MSH3 mismatch repair gene/protein loss-of-function, shares a molecular basis with “low microsatellite instability” (MSI-L) in colorectal cancer. Tetranucleotide microsatellite instability is also a byproduct of “high microsatellite instability” (MSI-H) that arises from deficiency of mismatch repair due to MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 or PMS2 gene alterations. MSH3-related EMAST is emerging as a biomarker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer and needs to be clearly differentiated from MSI-H. Here, we show that tumours with non-MSI-H-related EMAST or MSI-L rarely show concordant promoter methylation of multiple marker genes. Colorectal tumours that are positive for a single (1/5) tetranucleotide repeat marker are an important subset of the EMAST spectrum. Abstract MSH3 gene or protein deficiency or loss-of-function in colorectal cancer can cause a DNA mismatch repair defect known as “elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats” (EMAST). A high percentage of MSI-H tumors exhibit EMAST, while MSI-L is also linked with EMAST. However, the distribution of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) within the EMAST spectrum is not known. Five tetranucleotide repeat and five MSI markers were used to classify 100 sporadic colorectal tumours for EMAST, MSI-H and MSI-L according to the number of unstable markers detected. Promoter methylation was determined using methylation-specific PCR for MSH3, MCC, CDKN2A (p16) and five CIMP marker genes. EMAST was found in 55% of sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Carcinomas with only one positive marker (EMAST-1/5, 26%) were associated with advanced tumour stage, increased lymph node metastasis, MSI-L and lack of CIMP-H. EMAST-2/5 (16%) carcinomas displayed some methylation but MSI was rare. Carcinomas with ≥3 positive EMAST markers (13%) were more likely to have a proximal colon location and be MSI-H and CIMP-H. Our study suggests that EMAST/MSI-L is a valuable prognostic and predictive marker for colorectal carcinomas that do not display the high methylation phenotype CIMP-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Meessen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (S.M.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicola Currey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (S.M.); (N.C.)
| | - Zeenat Jahan
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (Z.J.); (H.W.P.)
| | - Hannah W. Parker
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (Z.J.); (H.W.P.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mark A. Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.A.J.); (J.L.H.)
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.A.J.); (J.L.H.)
| | - Eva Segelov
- Department of Oncology, Monash University and Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Jane E. Dahlstrom
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital and Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia;
| | - Maija R. J. Kohonen-Corish
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (S.M.); (N.C.)
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (Z.J.); (H.W.P.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Occhigrossi L, D’Eletto M, Barlev N, Rossin F. The Multifaceted Role of HSF1 in Pathophysiology: Focus on Its Interplay with TG2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126366. [PMID: 34198675 PMCID: PMC8232231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular environment needs to be strongly regulated and the maintenance of protein homeostasis is crucial for cell function and survival. HSF1 is the main regulator of the heat shock response (HSR), the master pathway required to maintain proteostasis, as involved in the expression of the heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSF1 plays numerous physiological functions; however, the main role concerns the modulation of HSPs synthesis in response to stress. Alterations in HSF1 function impact protein homeostasis and are strongly linked to diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, and different types of cancers. In this context, type 2 Transglutaminase (TG2), a ubiquitous enzyme activated during stress condition has been shown to promote HSF1 activation. HSF1-TG2 axis regulates the HSR and its function is evolutionary conserved and implicated in pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the role of HSF1 in the maintenance of proteostasis with regard to the HSF1-TG2 axis and we dissect the stress response pathways implicated in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (M.D.)
| | - Manuela D’Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (M.D.)
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Federica Rossin
- Institute of Cytology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Gajek A, Gralewska P, Marczak A, Rogalska A. Current Implications of microRNAs in Genome Stability and Stress Responses of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112690. [PMID: 34072593 PMCID: PMC8199164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic alterations and aberrant DNA damage signaling are hallmarks of ovarian cancer (OC), the leading cause of mortality among gynecological cancers worldwide. Owing to the lack of specific symptoms and late-stage diagnosis, survival chances of patients are significantly reduced. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and replication stress response inhibitors present attractive therapeutic strategies for OC. Recent research has focused on ovarian cancer-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) that play significant regulatory roles in various cellular processes. While miRNAs have been shown to participate in regulation of tumorigenesis and drug responses through modulating the DNA damage response (DDR), little is known about their potential influence on sensitivity to chemotherapy. The main objective of this review is to summarize recent findings on the utility of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers, in particular, ovarian cancer, and their regulation of DDR or modified replication stress response proteins. We further discuss the suppressive and promotional effects of various miRNAs on ovarian cancer and their participation in cell cycle disturbance, response to DNA damage, and therapeutic functions in multiple cancer types, with particular focus on ovarian cancer. Improved understanding of the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate drug resistance should facilitate the development of effective combination therapies for ovarian cancer.
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Oncogenic HPV promotes the expression of the long noncoding RNA lnc-FANCI-2 through E7 and YY1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014195118. [PMID: 33436409 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014195118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play diverse roles in biological processes, but their expression profiles and functions in cervical carcinogenesis remain unknown. By RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of 18 clinical specimens and selective validation by RT-qPCR analyses of 72 clinical samples, we provide evidence that, relative to normal cervical tissues, 194 lncRNAs are differentially regulated in high-risk (HR)-HPV infection along with cervical lesion progression. One such lncRNA, lnc-FANCI-2, is extensively characterized because it is expressed from a genomic locus adjacent to the FANCI gene encoding an important DNA repair factor. Both genes are up-regulated in HPV lesions and in in vitro model systems of HR-HPV18 infection. We observe a moderate reciprocal regulation of lnc-FANCI-2 and FANCI in cervical cancer CaSki cells. In these cells, lnc-FANCI-2 is transcribed from two alternative promoters, alternatively spliced, and polyadenylated at one of two alternative poly(A) sites. About 10 copies of lnc-FANCI-2 per cell are detected preferentially in the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, HR-HPVs, but not low-risk (LR)-HPV oncogenes induce lnc-FANCI-2 in primary and immortalized human keratinocytes. The induction is mediated primarily by E7, and to a lesser extent by E6, mostly independent of p53/E6AP and pRb/E2F. We show that YY1 interacts with an E7 CR3 core motif and transactivates the promoter of lnc-FANCI-2 by binding to two critical YY1-binding motifs. Moreover, HPV18 increases YY1 expression by reducing miR-29a, which targets the 3' untranslated region of YY1 mRNA. These data have provided insights into the mechanisms of how HR-HPV infections contribute to cervical carcinogenesis.
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Schwab N, Ju Y, Hazrati LN. Early onset senescence and cognitive impairment in a murine model of repeated mTBI. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:82. [PMID: 33964983 PMCID: PMC8106230 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results in broad neurological symptoms and an increased risk of being diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease later in life. While the immediate oxidative stress response and post-mortem pathology of the injured brain has been well studied, it remains unclear how early pathogenic changes may drive persistent symptoms and confer susceptibility to neurodegeneration. In this study we have used a mouse model of repeated mTBI (rmTBI) to identify early gene expression changes at 24 h or 7 days post-injury (7 dpi). At 24 h post-injury, gene expression of rmTBI mice shows activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) towards double strand DNA breaks, altered calcium and cell–cell signalling, and inhibition of cell death pathways. By 7 dpi, rmTBI mice had a gene expression signature consistent with induction of cellular senescence, activation of neurodegenerative processes, and inhibition of the DDR. At both timepoints gliosis, microgliosis, and axonal damage were evident in the absence of any gross lesion, and by 7 dpi rmTBI also mice had elevated levels of IL1β, p21, 53BP1, DNA2, and p53, supportive of DNA damage-induced cellular senescence. These gene expression changes reflect establishment of processes usually linked to brain aging and suggests that cellular senescence occurs early and most likely prior to the accumulation of toxic proteins. These molecular changes were accompanied by spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze. To conclude, we have identified DNA damage-induced cellular senescence as a repercussion of repeated mild traumatic brain injury which correlates with cognitive impairment. Pathways involved in senescence may represent viable treatment targets of post-concussive syndrome. Senescence has been proposed to promote neurodegeneration and appears as an effective target to prevent long-term complications of mTBI, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other related neurodegenerative pathologies.
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