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Fu Y, Jia F, Su J, Xu X, Zhang Y, Li X, Jiang X, Schäffer A, Virta M, Tiedje JM, Wang F. Co-occurrence patterns of gut microbiome, antibiotic resistome and the perturbation of dietary uptake in captive giant pandas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134252. [PMID: 38657507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is a key source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), significantly influenced by diet, which highlights the interconnectedness between diet, gut microbiome, and ARGs. Currently, our understanding is limited on the co-occurrence among gut microbiome, antibiotic resistome in the captive giant panda and the perturbation of dietary uptake, especially for the composition and forms in dietary nutrition. Here, a qPCR array with 384 primer sets and 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were used to characterize the antibiotic resistome and microbiomes in panda feces, dietary bamboo, and soil around the habitat. Diet nutrients containing organic and mineral substances in soluble and insoluble forms were also quantified. Organic and mineral components in water-unextractable fractions were 7.5 to 139 and 637 to 8695 times higher than those in water-extractable portions in bamboo and feces, respectively, while the latter contributed more to the variation (67.5 %) of gut microbiota. Streptococcus, Prevotellaceae, and Bacteroides were the dominant genera in giant pandas. The ARG patterns in panda guts showed higher diversity in old individuals but higher abundance in young ones, driven directly by the bacterial community change and mobile genetic element mediation and indirectly by dietary intervention. Our results suggest that dietary nutrition mainly accounts for the shift of gut microbiota, while bacterial community and mobile genetic elements influenced the variation of gut antibiotic resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feiran Jia
- University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jingfang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyao Xu
- University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Soil Remediation of Fujian Province University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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2
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Jiang R, Zhang X, Xia M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Pu T, Zhang C, Wu Z, Xu H, Fan K. Effects of Age and Season on Blood Parameters of Captive Giant Pandas: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3023. [PMID: 37835628 PMCID: PMC10571872 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, serves as a flagship species for biodiversity conservation, embodying the intersection of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic forces shaping the natural world. Hematological parameters serve as crucial indicators for assessing the physiological status of animals. However, our understanding of blood parameters and hemorheology in captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions is limited. In this study, from September 2018 to August 2020, we collected blood samples from captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions. Twelve captive giant pandas, ranging in age from 2 to 28 years, were divided into three groups based on their age, and the variations in basic blood parameters and hemorheological parameters across four seasons were analyzed. This provided baseline data for future blood sample comparisons in non-anesthetized captive giant pandas. Additionally, we observed seasonal changes in hematological morphology, hemorheology, and serum enzymes. Moreover, seasonality had a regulatory effect on hemorheological parameters and negatively impacted blood viscosity. Age influenced changes in serum enzymes, serum protein content, and serum metabolites, indicating differences in overall metabolic processes among giant pandas of different age groups. Whether factors such as season and climate contribute to environmental stress in captive giant pandas requires further investigation. The findings of this study may help to protect the stability of the giant panda population better and provide a reference for the medical care of captive giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (R.J.); (X.Z.)
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (R.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Maohua Xia
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Sufen Zhao
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Tianchun Pu
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Zhong Wu
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Haihong Xu
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (R.J.); (X.Z.)
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3
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Wang X, Chen X, Song X, Cao L, Yang S, Shen Q, Ji L, Lu X, Zhang W. Identification of novel anelloviruses in the blood of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 100:102038. [PMID: 37572592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of metagenomics has revealed that in addition to the digestive tract, some viruses are also common in mammalian blood. To explore and monitor potential novel viruses, in April 2015, a blood sample was collected from a healthy captive giant panda at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in Sichuan Province, China. The genomes of 25 different anelloviruses containing the complete ORF1 region have been identified. The BLASTp results showed that the amino acid sequence identity of these viruses with the best match in GenBank ranged from 27.15% to 41.29%. Based on phylogenetic analysis and SDT (Species Demarcation Tool) analysis of the complete ORF1 regions of these 25 viruses, these sequences were deduced to represent one or several novel virus genera or species. This virological study has increased our understanding of the diversity of anelloviruses in the blood of giant pandas, but further laboratory analysis is needed to verify its possible pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xurong Chen
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xulai Song
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likai Ji
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Cui X, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Chen H, Liu G, Zhu L. The putative maintaining mechanism of gut bacterial ecosystem in giant pandas and its potential application in conservation. Evol Appl 2022; 16:36-47. [PMID: 36699119 PMCID: PMC9850007 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals living in captivity and the wild show differences in the internal structure of their gut microbiomes. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of the microbial data of about 494 fecal samples obtained from giant pandas (captive and wild giant pandas). Our results show that the modular structures and topological features of the captive giant panda gut microbiome differ from those of the wild populations. The co-occurrence network of wild giant pandas also contained more nodes and edges, indicating a higher complexity and stability compared to that of captive giant pandas. Keystone species analysis revealed the differences between geographically different wild populations, indicating the potential effect of geography on the internal modular structure. When combining all the giant panda samples for module analysis, we found that the abundant taxa (e.g., belonged to Flavobacterium, Herbaspirillum, and Escherichia-Shigella) usually acted as module hubs to stabilize the modular structure, while the rare taxa usually acted as connectors of different modules. We conclude that abundant and rare taxa play different roles in the gut bacterial ecosystem. The conservation of some key bacterial species is essential for promoting the development of the gut microbiome in pandas. The living environment of the giant pandas can influence the internal structure, topological features, and strength of interrelationships in the gut microbiome. This study provides new insights into the conservation and management of giant panda populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cui
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qinrong Zhang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qunde Zhang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hua Chen
- Mingke Biotechnology (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.HangzhouChina
| | - Guoqi Liu
- Mingke Biotechnology (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.HangzhouChina
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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5
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Ma R, Zheng W, Guo J, Hou R, Huang H, Xue F, Zhou Y, Wu W, Huang C, Gu J, Feng F, Yu X, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang L, Lan G, Chen C, Bi W, Dai Q, Owens JR, Yang H, Gu X, Yan QG, Qi D. Symbiotic microbiota and odor ensure mating in time for giant pandas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1015513. [PMID: 36466630 PMCID: PMC9712809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1015513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To achieve reproduction, male solitary mammals need to locate females using chemical communication with high levels of precision. In the case of giant pandas, the total estrus period of females was usually 15 days each year, however, successful mating activity is finished within 3 days from respective home range. The mating pattern of giant pandas, where multiple males compete for each female requires females employ efficient systems to communicate their estrus phases. To verifying whether the scent secretions of giant pandas changes by gender and estrus progression, the microbiota and compounds in 29 anogenital gland samples from 14 individuals during estrus were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS. We show that the microbiota communities covary by gender with 4 particular compounds of scent secretions. Among 597 genera, 34 were identified as biomarkers that could be used to distinguish between different estrus phases. By bacterial-compounds co-analysis, 3 fatty ester acids and squalene compounds covaried with the development of estrus in the bacterial communities of female giant pandas. This study helps clarify how a large, solitary mammal expresses accurate information to improve the likelihood of successful reproduction by changing the composition of microbiota and odor compounds of anogenital glands during estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Junliang Guo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - He Huang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanshan Zhou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Zusheng Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanwei Lan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenlei Bi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jacob R. Owens
- Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hong Yang
- Daxiangling Nature Reserve, Yaan, China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-gui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
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6
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Zhan M, Wang A, Yao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Fu X, Zhou J, Pei E, Wang L. An amateur gut microbial configuration formed in giant panda for striving to digest cellulose in bamboo: Systematic evidence from intestinal digestive enzymes, functional genes and microbial structures. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:926515. [PMID: 35958139 PMCID: PMC9363027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.926515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant panda has been considered to maximize nutritional intake including protein and soluble carbohydrates in bamboo, but it has spent almost entire life with the high-cellulose diet. Whether giant panda is still helpless about digesting bamboo cellulose or not is always contentious among many researchers around the world. The work has systematically clarified this issue from the perspectives of digestive enzymes, functional genes, and microbial structures in giant panda gut. The intestinal cellulase activities of panda increase with bamboo consumption, performing that the endoglucanase activity of adults reaches 10-fold that of pandas first consuming bamboo. More abundance and types of microbial endoglucanase genes occur in bamboo-diet giant panda gut, and the corresponding GH5 gene cluster is still efficiently transcribed. Gut microbes possessing cellulose-degrading genes, belong to the phylum Firmicutes and some Bacteroidetes, but their structural and functional configurations are insufficient to completely degrade cellulose. Therefore, giant panda is striving to digest cellulose in bamboo, but this adaptation is incomplete. This is probably related to the short straight carnivore-like gut structure of the giant panda, preventing the colonization of some efficient functional but anaerobic-preferred flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Yingmin Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | | | - Xiaohua Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang,
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7
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Liu Y, Chen J, Feng T, Hou R, Cai Z, Wang D, Zhang M, Li Y, Chen Y, An J. The establishment of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) fibroblast cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:194-198. [PMID: 35362864 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jiasong Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Tongying Feng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Junhui An
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China.
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610081, China.
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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8
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Zhang R, Dong H, Zhao P, Shang C, Qi H, Ma Y, Gao C, Zhang D, Shen J, Lei Y, Jin Y, Lin P. Resveratrol and lycium barbarum polysaccharide improve Qinling giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca Qinlingensis) sperm quality during cryopreservation. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:23. [PMID: 34996430 PMCID: PMC8739993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Semen cryopreservation has become an essential tool for conservation efforts of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca); however, it is severely detrimental to sperm quality. Evidence has shown that antioxidants have the potential to reverse cryopreservation-induced damage in sperm. The purpose of this study was to screen effective antioxidants that could retain sperm quality during cryopreservation and to determine the optimal dose. Seven antioxidant groups, including resveratrol (RSV = 50 μM, RSV = 100 μM, RSV = 150 μM), lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP = 2 mg/mL, LBP = 4 mg/mL), laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP = 1 mg/mL) or combination (LBP = 2 mg/mL, LJP = 1 mg/mL and RSV = 100 μM) were assessed. Results RSV, LBP, LJP, or a combination of RSV, LBP, and LJP added to the freezing medium significantly improved sperm progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity during the cryopreservation process. Furthermore, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also improved. The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in semen were notably reduced. Hyaluronidase activity and acrosin activity were significantly increased in LBP-treated sperm. However, sperm total motility and DNA integrity were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions RSV (50 μM) or LBP (2 mg/mL) are the best candidate antioxidants for inclusion in the freezing medium to improve the quality of giant panda spermatozoa during semen cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hemeng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhao
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China
| | - Chunmei Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hang Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuxi Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danhui Zhang
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China
| | - Jiena Shen
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China
| | - Yinghu Lei
- Research Center for The Qinling Giant Panda, Rescue Base of Rare Wild Animals in Shaanxi Province, Louguantai, 710402, China.
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Hu Y, Bernatchez L. Fuwen Wei-Recipient of the 2021 Molecular Ecology Prize. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:31-36. [PMID: 34962012 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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10
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Ning S, Lu X, Zhao M, Wang X, Yang S, Shen Q, Wang H, Zhang W. Virome in Fecal Samples From Wild Giant Pandas ( Ailuropoda Melanoleuca). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:767494. [PMID: 34869737 PMCID: PMC8636094 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.767494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered mammals in the world; anthropogenic habitat loss and poaching still threaten the survival of wild pandas. Viral infection has become one of the potential threats to the health of these animals, but the available information related to these infections is still limited. In order to detect possible vertebrate viruses, the virome in the fecal samples of seven wild giant pandas from Qinling Mountains was investigated by using the method of viral metagenomics. From the fecal virome of wild giant pandas, we determined six nearly complete genomes belonging to the order Picornavirales, two of which may be qualified as a novel virus family or genus. In addition, four complete genomes belonging to the Genomoviridae family were also fully characterized. This virological investigation has increased our understanding of the gut viral community in giant pandas. Whether these viruses detected in fecal samples can really infect giant panda needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Ning
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Quan Shen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Liu Y, Li Y, Hou R, Cai Z, Wang D, Chen J, Li F, Chen Y, An J. Isolation, culture, and characterization of cells derived from giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) semen. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:381-385. [PMID: 33928488 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Province, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Province, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Province, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Province, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiasong Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Feiping Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China.,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhui An
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China. .,Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Province, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China. .,Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Province, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Huang P, Yu Y, Meng X, Wang T, Yan F, Li E, Shi Z, He H, Yang S, Xia X, Wang J, Feng N. Development of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid and visual detection of canine distemper virus infecting giant panda. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:172. [PMID: 33892731 PMCID: PMC8063184 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus that exhibits a high mutation rate and continuously expands the range of hosts. Notably, CDV has infected giant panda with spill over from viral reservoirs in canines. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), especially captive pandas, are known to be susceptible to natural infection with CDV. The high fatality rate of CDV poses a serious threat to the safety of the giant panda population. However, vaccines or drugs for canine distemper in giant pandas have not been developed to date. Therefore, a rapid test that can achieve accurate onsite detection of CDV is important to enable the timely implementation of control measures. In this study, we established a nucleic acid visualization assay for targeting the CDV N gene by using combines reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification with a closed vertical flow visualization strip (RT-RPA-VF). Results The RT-RPA-VF assay does not require sophisticated equipment, and it was determined to provide rapid detection at 35 °C for 30 min, while the limit of detection was 5 × 101 copies/μl RNA transcripts and 100.5 TCID50 ml− 1 viruses. The results showed that the assay was high specific to CDV and had no cross-reactivity with other viruses infecting the giant panda. Compared with RT-qPCR, RT-RPA-VF assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% in 29 clinical samples. The coincidence rate between RT-RPA-VF and RT-qPCR was 100% (kappa = 1), indicating that the RT-RPA-VF assay possessed good diagnostic performance on clinical samples. Conclusions The RT-RPA-VF provides a novel alternative for the simple, sensitive, and specific identification of CDV and showed great potential for point of care diagnostics for captive and wild giant panda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianyong Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhikang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbin He
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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13
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Zhan M, Wang L, Xie C, Fu X, Zhang S, Wang A, Zhou Y, Xu C, Zhang H. Succession of Gut Microbial Structure in Twin Giant Pandas During the Dietary Change Stage and Its Role in Polysaccharide Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:551038. [PMID: 33072012 PMCID: PMC7537565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.551038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to a bamboo diet is an essential process for giant panda growth, and gut microbes play an important role in the digestion of the polysaccharides in bamboo. The dietary transition in giant panda cubs is particularly complex, but it is an ideal period in which to study the effects of gut microbes on polysaccharide use because their main food changes from milk to bamboo (together with some bamboo shoot and coarse pastry). Here, we used 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) DNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing analysis to investigate the succession of the gut microbial structure in feces sampled from twin giant panda cubs during the completely dietary transition and determine the abundances of polysaccharide-metabolizing genes and their corresponding microbes to better understand the degradation of bamboo polysaccharides. Successive changes in the gut microbial diversity and structure were apparent in the growth of pandas during dietary shift process. Microbial diversity increased after the introduction of supplementary foods and then varied in a complex way for 1.5–2 years as bamboo and complex food components were introduced. They then stabilized after 2 years, when the cubs consumed a specialized bamboo diet. The microbes had more potential to metabolize the cellulose in bamboo than the hemicellulose, providing genes encoding cellulase systems corresponding to glycoside hydrolases (GHs; such as GH1, GH3, GH5, GH8, GH9, GH74, and GH94). The cellulose-metabolizing species (or genes) of gut bacteria was more abundant than that of gut fungi. Although cellulose-metabolizing species did not predominate in the gut bacterial community, microbial interactions allowed the giant pandas to achieve the necessary dietary shift and ultimately adapt to a bamboo diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Xie
- Shanghai Wild Animal Park Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Yingmin Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Chunzhong Xu
- Shanghai Wild Animal Park Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
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14
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Zhu Z, Pan S, Wei B, Liu H, Zhou Z, Huang X, Luo Y, Zhou L, Zhang S, Ma X, Cao S, Shen L, Wang Y, Fu H, Geng Y, He C, Xie Y, Peng G, Zhong Z. High prevalence of multi-drug resistances and diversity of mobile genetic elements in Escherichia coli isolates from captive giant pandas. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110681. [PMID: 32361498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance produced by mobile genetic elements and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of captive giant pandas. We performed a standard disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test with 84 E. coli isolates and further evaluated the mobile genetic elements and integron gene cassettes. The antimicrobial susceptibility test demonstrated that 43.37% (36/84) of the isolates showed multiple drug resistances. The E. coli isolates mainly showed resistance to aztreonam (86.90%, 73/84) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80.95%, 68/84). The most frequently observed resistance patterns were ampicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.10%, n = 11), and doxycycline/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (4.76%, n = 4). Further analyses detected 11 mobile genetic elements, of which merA (54/84, 64.30%) had the highest frequency. All isolates were negative for intI3, traA, tnpU, traF, tnp513, tnsA, ISkpn7, ISpa7, ISkpn6, and ISCR1. We further analyzed antimicrobial resistance-related integrons among 30 E. coli isolates (the 27 intI1-positive isolates and the 3 intI2-positive isolates); six gene cassette profiles (dfrA17+aadA5, aadA2, dfrA12+aadA2, dfrA1+aadA1, dfrA1, and aadA1) were identified in the 27 intI1-positive isolates, but not in the three intI2-positive ones. Our study sheds light on the prevalence of multiple drug resistances and the diversity of mobile genetic elements in E. coli isolates, and highlights the necessity to monitor antibiotic resistance in more E. coli strains from captive giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shulei Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611845, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changliang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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15
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Li Y, Ma G, Zhou Q, Li Y, Huang Z. Nutrient contents predict the bamboo-leaf-based diet of Assamese macaques living in limestone forests of southwest Guangxi, China. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5570-5581. [PMID: 32607175 PMCID: PMC7319238 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the nutrient factors influencing food choice provides important insight into the feeding strategy of animals, which is crucial for understanding their behavioral response to environmental changes. A bamboo-leaf-based diet is rare among mammals. Animals' food choice and nutritional goals have been explained by several frameworks; however, the influence of nutrients on food choice in bamboo-leaf-based macaques is not yet available. Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) inhabiting limestone forests are characterized by such a bamboo-leaf-based diet, predominantly consuming young leaves of Bonia saxatilis, a shrubby, karst-endemic bamboo. We studied the feeding behavior of one group of Assamese macaques using instantaneous scan sampling in limestone forests of the Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve in southwest Guangxi, China. We compared the nutrient content of staple food and nonfood items and examine the role of key nutrients in the food selection of macaques. Our results showed that young leaves of bamboo B. saxatilis contained more water, crude protein, phosphorus, and less tannin than nonfood items. Furthermore, staple foods contained a higher content of water and less content of calcium than nonfood items. More specifically, quantities of water, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus in food items were critical factors affecting feeding time on a specific plant item. Our results suggest that young bamboo leaves could meet macaques' required protein and water intake, while enabling them to maintain their mineral balance, consequently facilitating to maintain the primates' bamboo-leaf-diet in the limestone forest. Our findings confirm the effects of nutrient contents in food choice of Assamese macaques, highlighting the importance of the nutrient contents in maintaining their bamboo-based diet and the need to increase the knowledge on their nutritional strategy adapted to the bamboo-dominated diet inhabiting the unique limestone habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University)Ministry of EducationGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal EcologyGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Guangzhi Ma
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qihai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University)Ministry of EducationGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal EcologyGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Youbang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University)Ministry of EducationGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal EcologyGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Zhonghao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University)Ministry of EducationGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal EcologyGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
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16
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Wang DH, Liu YL, Cai ZG, An JH, Lan JC, Chen JS, Li Y, He L, Zhang Y, He P, Zhang ZH, Yie SM, Hou R. Effects of extender type on the quality of post-thaw giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) semen. Cryobiology 2020; 94:95-99. [PMID: 32304703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is an essential approach for assisted reproduction and genetic resources conservation in captive giant pandas. Cryopreservation, however, leads to a significant decrease in sperm quality and, consequently, a low fertilization rate. Therefore, it is mandatory to disclose more suitable and efficient freezing strategies for sperm cryopreservation. In the present study, we compared for the first time the performance of two commercial freeze extender (INRA96 versus TEST) freezing methods on post-thawed semen quality. Semen cryopreserved with the INRA96 showed better total motility (73.00 ± 4.84% vs 57.56 ± 3.60%, P < 0.001), membrane integrity (60.92 ± 2.27% vs 40.53 ± 2.97%, P < 0.001) and acrosome integrity (90.39 ± 2.74% vs 84.26 ± 4.27%, P < 0.05) than stored with TEST. There was no significant difference in DNA integrity after thawing between the two extenders (95.69 ± 3.60% vs 94.26 ± 4.84%). In conclusion, the INRA96 method showed to be better for giant panda sperm cryopreservation and should therefore be recommended for use in order to increase success of artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Liang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Hui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing-Chao Lan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Song Chen
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling He
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping He
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-He Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shang-Mian Yie
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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