1
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Tian C, Zhang Q, Jia J, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Karri S, Jiang J, Dickinson Q, Yao Y, Tang X, Huang Y, Guo T, He Z, Liu Z, Gao Y, Yang X, Wu Y, Chan KM, Zhang D, Han J, Yu C, Gan H. DNA polymerase delta governs parental histone transfer to DNA replication lagging strand. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400610121. [PMID: 38713623 PMCID: PMC11098083 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400610121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin replication is intricately intertwined with the recycling of parental histones to the newly duplicated DNA strands for faithful genetic and epigenetic inheritance. The transfer of parental histones occurs through two distinct pathways: leading strand deposition, mediated by the DNA polymerase ε subunits Dpb3/Dpb4, and lagging strand deposition, facilitated by the MCM helicase subunit Mcm2. However, the mechanism of the facilitation of Mcm2 transferring parental histones to the lagging strand while moving along the leading strand remains unclear. Here, we show that the deletion of Pol32, a nonessential subunit of major lagging-strand DNA polymerase δ, results in a predominant transfer of parental histone H3-H4 to the leading strand during replication. Biochemical analyses further demonstrate that Pol32 can bind histone H3-H4 both in vivo and in vitro. The interaction of Pol32 with parental histone H3-H4 is disrupted through the mutation of the histone H3-H4 binding domain within Mcm2. Our findings identify the DNA polymerase δ subunit Pol32 as a critical histone chaperone downstream of Mcm2, mediating the transfer of parental histones to the lagging strand during DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province610041, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN55912
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | | | - Jiuhang Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | | | - Yuan Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Ziwei He
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen518172, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen518172, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
| | - Xinran Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yuchun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Pathology and Pathophysiology Basic Medical School, Qingdao University, Qindao266000, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen518172, China
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Junhong Han
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province610041, China
| | - Chuanhe Yu
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN55912
| | - Haiyun Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
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2
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Chao S, Yan H, Bu P. Asymmetric division of stem cells and its cancer relevance. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:5. [PMID: 38411768 PMCID: PMC10897644 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric division is a fundamental process for generating cell diversity and maintaining the stem cell population. During asymmetric division, proteins, organelles, and even RNA are distributed unequally between the two daughter cells, determining their distinct cell fates. The mechanisms orchestrating this process are extremely complex. Dysregulation of asymmetric division can potentially trigger cancer progression. Cancer stem cells, in particular, undergo asymmetric division, leading to intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which contributes to treatment refractoriness. In this review, we delve into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern asymmetric division and explore its relevance to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chao
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Chen HF, Chang CT, Hsu KW, Peng PH, Lai JCY, Hung MC, Wu KJ. Epigenetic regulation of asymmetric cell division by the LIBR-BRD4 axis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:154-165. [PMID: 37986225 PMCID: PMC10783485 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a mechanism used by stem cells to maintain the number of progeny. However, the epigenetic mechanisms regulating ACD remain elusive. Here we show that BRD4, a BET domain protein that binds to acetylated histone, is segregated in daughter cells together with H3K56Ac and regulates ACD. ITGB1 is regulated by BRD4 to regulate ACD. A long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), LIBR (LncRNA Inhibiting BRD4), decreases the percentage of stem cells going through ACD through interacting with the BRD4 mRNAs. LIBR inhibits the translation of BRD4 through recruiting a translation repressor, RCK, and inhibiting the binding of BRD4 mRNAs to polysomes. These results identify the epigenetic regulatory modules (BRD4, lncRNA LIBR) that regulate ACD. The regulation of ACD by BRD4 suggests the therapeutic limitation of using BRD4 inhibitors to treat cancer due to the ability of these inhibitors to promote symmetric cell division that may lead to tumor progression and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ting Chang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine & New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine & New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Peng
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Chieh-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Institutes of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Juey Wu
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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4
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Chandrasekhara C, Ranjan R, Urban JA, Davis BEM, Ku WL, Snedeker J, Zhao K, Chen X. A single N-terminal amino acid determines the distinct roles of histones H3 and H3.3 in the Drosophila male germline stem cell lineage. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002098. [PMID: 37126497 PMCID: PMC10174566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells undergo asymmetric cell divisions to produce 2 daughter cells with distinct cell fates: one capable of self-renewal and the other committed for differentiation. Misregulation of this delicate balance can lead to cancer and tissue degeneration. During asymmetric division of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), preexisting (old) and newly synthesized histone H3 are differentially segregated, whereas old and new histone variant H3.3 are more equally inherited. However, what underlies these distinct inheritance patterns remains unknown. Here, we report that the N-terminal tails of H3 and H3.3 are critical for their inheritance patterns, as well as GSC maintenance and proper differentiation. H3 and H3.3 differ at the 31st position in their N-termini with Alanine for H3 and Serine for H3.3. By swapping these 2 amino acids, we generated 2 mutant histones (i.e., H3A31S and H3.3S31A). Upon expressing them in the early-stage germline, we identified opposing phenotypes: overpopulation of early-stage germ cells in the H3A31S-expressing testes and significant germ cell loss in testes expressing the H3.3S31A. Asymmetric H3 inheritance is disrupted in the H3A31S-expressing GSCs, due to misincorporation of old histones between sister chromatids during DNA replication. Furthermore, H3.3S31A mutation accelerates old histone turnover in the GSCs. Finally, using a modified Chromatin Immunocleavage assay on early-stage germ cells, we found that H3A31S has enhanced occupancy at promoters and transcription starting sites compared with H3, while H3.3S31A is more enriched at transcriptionally silent intergenic regions compared to H3.3. Overall, these results suggest that the 31st amino acids for both H3 and H3.3 are critical for their proper genomic occupancy and function. Together, our findings indicate a critical role for the different amino acid composition of the N-terminal tails between H3 and H3.3 in an endogenous stem cell lineage and provide insights into the importance of proper histone inheritance in specifying cell fates and regulating cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Chandrasekhara
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Ranjan
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Urban
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brendon E. M. Davis
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wai Lim Ku
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Snedeker
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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5
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Samanta P, Bhowmik A, Biswas S, Sarkar R, Ghosh R, Pakhira S, Mondal M, Sen S, Saha P, Hajra S. Therapeutic Effectiveness of Anticancer Agents Targeting Different Signaling Molecules Involved in Asymmetric Division of Cancer Stem Cell. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10523-3. [PMID: 36952080 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Intra-tumoral heterogeneity is maintained by cancer stem cells (CSCs) with dysregulated self-renewal and asymmetric cell division (ACD). According to the cancer stem cell theory, by ACD a CSC can generate two daughter progenies with different fates such as one cancer stem cell and one differentiated cell. Therefore, this type of mitotic division supports vital process of the maintenance of CSC population. But this CSC pool reservation by ACD complicates the treatment of cancer patients, as CSCs give rise to aggressive clones which are prone to metastasis and drug-insensitivity. Hence, identification of therapeutic modalities which can target ACD of cancer stem cell is an intriguing part of cancer research. In this review, other than the discussion about the extrinsic inducers of ACD role of different proteins, miRNAs and lncRNAs in this type of cell division is also mentioned. Other than these, mode of action of the proven and potential drugs targeting ACD of CSC is also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samanta
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
| | - Souradeep Biswas
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Rupali Sarkar
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Shampa Pakhira
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Mrinmoyee Mondal
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Soummadeep Sen
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Subhadip Hajra
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
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Ranjan R, Chen X. Quantitative imaging of chromatin inheritance using a dual-color histone in Drosophila germinal stem cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101811. [PMID: 36386868 PMCID: PMC9640340 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We detail a stepwise protocol for the investigation and quantification of chromatin features during asymmetric cell division (ACD) of Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs). We describe the use of a dual-color histone to study the inheritance of new and old histones. We detail steps for imaging and analysis of sister chromatid condensation dynamics and nucleosome density changes. In addition, this protocol could be applied to identify stem cells, which can be challenging to identify in intact tissues. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tran et al. (2012), Ranjan et al. (2019), and Ranjan et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ranjan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA; Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA.
| | - Xin Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA; Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA.
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7
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Urban JA, Ranjan R, Chen X. Asymmetric Histone Inheritance: Establishment, Recognition, and Execution. Annu Rev Genet 2022; 56:113-143. [PMID: 35905975 PMCID: PMC10054593 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-072920-125226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of biased histone inheritance in asymmetrically dividing Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cells demonstrates one means to produce two distinct daughter cells with identical genetic material. This inspired further studies in different systems, which revealed that this phenomenon may be a widespread mechanism to introduce cellular diversity. While the extent of asymmetric histone inheritance could vary among systems, this phenomenon is proposed to occur in three steps: first, establishment of histone asymmetry between sister chromatids during DNA replication; second, recognition of sister chromatids carrying asymmetric histone information during mitosis; and third, execution of this asymmetry in the resulting daughter cells. By compiling the current knowledge from diverse eukaryotic systems, this review comprehensively details and compares known chromatin factors, mitotic machinery components, and cell cycle regulators that may contribute to each of these three steps. Also discussed are potential mechanisms that introduce and regulate variable histone inheritance modes and how these different modes may contribute to cell fate decisions in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Urban
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Rajesh Ranjan
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
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8
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Antel M, Raj R, Masoud MYG, Pan Z, Li S, Mellone BG, Inaba M. Interchromosomal interaction of homologous Stat92E alleles regulates transcriptional switch during stem-cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3981. [PMID: 35810185 PMCID: PMC9271046 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pairing of homologous chromosomes in somatic cells provides the opportunity of interchromosomal interaction between homologous gene regions. In the Drosophila male germline, the Stat92E gene is highly expressed in a germline stem cell (GSC) and gradually downregulated during the differentiation. Here we show that the pairing of Stat92E is always tight in GSCs and immediately loosened in differentiating daughter cells, gonialblasts (GBs). Disturbance of Stat92E pairing by relocation of one locus to another chromosome or by knockdown of global pairing/anti-pairing factors both result in a failure of Stat92E downregulation, suggesting that the pairing is required for the decline in transcription. Furthermore, the Stat92E enhancer, but not its transcription, is required for the change in pairing state, indicating that pairing is not a consequence of transcriptional changes. Finally, we show that the change in Stat92E pairing is dependent on asymmetric histone inheritance during the asymmetric division of GSCs. Taken together, we propose that the changes in Stat92E pairing status is an intrinsically programmed mechanism for enabling prompt cell fate switch during the differentiation of stem cells. Asymmetric inheritance of organelles, proteins and RNAs occurs during stem cell division. Here the authors show the strength of pairing of homologous Stat92E loci, a stem cell-specific gene, changes immediately after the asymmetric division due to asymmetric inheritance of new histones to one of the daughter cells and is important for turning off gene expression in this cell as it differentiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Antel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Romir Raj
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Madona Y G Masoud
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ziwei Pan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Barbara G Mellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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9
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Li Z, Zhang YY, Zhang H, Yang J, Chen Y, Lu H. Asymmetric Cell Division and Tumor Heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:938685. [PMID: 35859890 PMCID: PMC9289117 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.938685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) gives rise to two daughter cells with different fates after mitosis and is a fundamental process for generating cell diversity and for the maintenance of the stem cell population. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory suggests that CSCs with dysregulated self-renewal and asymmetric cell division serve as a source of intra-tumoral heterogeneity. This heterogeneity complicates the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, because CSCs can give rise to aggressive clones that are metastatic and insensitive to multiple drugs, or to dormant tumor cells that are difficult to detect. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms and biological significance of asymmetric division in tumor cells, with a focus on ACD-induced tumor heterogeneity in early tumorigenesis and cancer progression. We will also discuss how dissecting the relationship between ACD and cancer may help us find new approaches for combatting this heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yi Zhang
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongze Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hezhe Lu,
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10
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Casas Gimeno G, Paridaen JTML. The Symmetry of Neural Stem Cell and Progenitor Divisions in the Vertebrate Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:885269. [PMID: 35693936 PMCID: PMC9174586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.885269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust brain development requires the tight coordination between tissue growth, neuronal differentiation and stem cell maintenance. To achieve this, neural stem cells need to balance symmetric proliferative and terminal divisions with asymmetric divisions. In recent years, the unequal distribution of certain cellular components in mitosis has emerged as a key mechanism to regulate the symmetry of division, and the determination of equal and unequal sister cell fates. Examples of such components include polarity proteins, signaling components, and cellular structures such as endosomes and centrosomes. In several types of neural stem cells, these factors show specific patterns of inheritance that correlate to specific cell fates, albeit the underlying mechanism and the potential causal relationship is not always understood. Here, we review these examples of cellular neural stem and progenitor cell asymmetries and will discuss how they fit into our current understanding of neural stem cell function in neurogenesis in developing and adult brains. We will focus mainly on the vertebrate brain, though we will incorporate relevant examples from invertebrate organisms as well. In particular, we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complexities related cellular asymmetries in determining division mode outcomes, and how these mechanisms are spatiotemporally regulated to match the different needs for proliferation and differentiation as the brain forms.
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11
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Ranjan R, Snedeker J, Wooten M, Chu C, Bracero S, Mouton T, Chen X. Differential condensation of sister chromatids acts with Cdc6 to ensure asynchronous S-phase entry in Drosophila male germline stem cell lineage. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1102-1118.e7. [PMID: 35483360 PMCID: PMC9134767 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cell (GSC) asymmetric division, preexisting old versus newly synthesized histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically inherited. However, the biological outcomes of this phenomenon have remained unclear. Here, we tracked old and new histones throughout the GSC cell cycle through the use of high spatial and temporal resolution microscopy. We found unique features that differ between old and new histone-enriched sister chromatids, including differences in nucleosome density, chromosomal condensation, and H3 Ser10 phosphorylation. These distinct chromosomal features lead to their differential association with Cdc6, a pre-replication complex component, and subsequent asynchronous DNA replication initiation in the resulting daughter cells. Disruption of asymmetric histone inheritance abolishes differential Cdc6 association and asynchronous S-phase entry, demonstrating that histone asymmetry acts upstream of these critical cell-cycle progression events. Furthermore, disruption of these GSC-specific chromatin features leads to GSC defects, indicating a connection between histone inheritance, cell-cycle progression, and cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ranjan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Jonathan Snedeker
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Matthew Wooten
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Carolina Chu
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sabrina Bracero
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Taylar Mouton
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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12
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Serra-Cardona A, Duan S, Yu C, Zhang Z. H3K4me3 recognition by the COMPASS complex facilitates the restoration of this histone mark following DNA replication. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6246. [PMID: 35544640 PMCID: PMC9075808 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During DNA replication, parental H3-H4 marked by H3K4me3 are transferred almost equally onto leading and lagging strands of DNA replication forks. Mutations in replicative helicase subunit, Mcm2 (Mcm2-3A), and leading strand DNA polymerase subunit, Dpb3 (dpb3∆), result in asymmetric distributions of H3K4me3 at replicating DNA strands immediately following DNA replication. Here, we show that mcm2-3A and dpb3∆ mutant cells markedly reduce the asymmetric distribution of H3K4me3 during cell cycle progression before mitosis. Furthermore, the restoration of a more symmetric distribution of H3K4me3 at replicating DNA strands in these mutant cells is driven by methylating nucleosomes without H3K4me3 by the H3K4 methyltransferase complex, COMPASS. Last, both gene transcription machinery and the binding of parental H3K4me3 by Spp1 subunit of the COMPASS complex help recruit the enzyme to chromatin for the restoration of the H3K4me3-marked state following DNA replication, shedding light on inheritance of this mark following DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serra-Cardona
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shoufu Duan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chuanhe Yu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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13
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Mitotic drive in asymmetric epigenetic inheritance. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:675-688. [PMID: 35437581 PMCID: PMC9162470 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces two daughter cells with distinct cell fates. This division mode is widely used during development and by adult stem cells during tissue homeostasis and regeneration, which can be regulated by both extrinsic cues such as signaling molecules and intrinsic factors such as epigenetic information. While the DNA replication process ensures that the sequences of sister chromatids are identical, how epigenetic information is re-distributed during ACD has remained largely unclear in multicellular organisms. Studies of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) have revealed that sister chromatids incorporate pre-existing and newly synthesized histones differentially and segregate asymmetrically during ACD. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, two key questions must be answered: first, how and when asymmetric histone information is established; and second, how epigenetically distinct sister chromatids are distinguished and segregated. Here, we discuss recent advances which help our understanding of this interesting and important cell division mode.
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14
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Li Y, Darabi R. Role of epigenetics in cellular reprogramming; from iPSCs to disease modeling and cell therapy. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:147-154. [PMID: 34668236 PMCID: PMC8860854 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics play a fundamental role in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology due to their effect on iPSC's reprogramming efficiency and their subsequent role in iPSC differentiation toward a specific lineage. Epigenetics can skew the differentiation course of iPSCs toward a specific lineage based on the epigenetic memory of the source cells, or even lead to acquisition of new cell phenotypes, due to its aberrations during reprogramming. This viewpoint discusses key features of the epigenetic process during iPSC reprogramming/differentiation and outlines important epigenetic factors that need to be considered for successful generation and differentiation of iPSCs for downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, BioMedical Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Feng J, Zhu R, Yin Y, Wang S, Zhou L, Lv F, Zhao D. Re-Recognizing the Cellular Origin of the Primary Epithelial Tumors of the Liver. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:1537-1563. [PMID: 34917552 PMCID: PMC8668194 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s334935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary epithelial tumors of the liver (PETL) are composed of a series of heterogeneous tumors. Although the classification of PETLs has been updated several times by the World Health Organization, the cellular origins of some tumors in this family remain to be precisely depicted. In addition, certain tumors in different categories have similar histology, molecular phenotypes and biological characteristics, suggesting that they may have the same cellular origin. In this work, a narrative review method was adopted to review the relevant papers. By comparing the expression profiles of biomarkers of liver epithelium at different lineages and stages of differentiation, the cells-of-origin of some major members of the PETL family were reassessed. We propose that 1) hepatic adenomas, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and pure fetal hepatoblastomas (HBs) share the same spectrum in their cellular origin including the hepatocytic-committed progenitors (HCP) and their differentiated descendants. 2) Bile duct adenomas, peribiliary cysts and intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas (ICCs) can share the same spectrum in their cellular origin including the cholangiocytic-committed progenitors (CCP) and their differentiated descendants. 3) The cells-of-origin of embryonal HBs include liver stem cells (LSCs), hepatoblasts, and transitional cells between them. Embryonal HB with small cell element, small cell undifferentiated HB and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver can have the same or similar cells-of-origin from LSC. Embryonal HB lacking the small cell component of the LSC phenotype and presenting both hepatocytic and bile duct/ductule components may originate from actual hepatoblasts/hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) as the combined HCC-ICC does. 4) Teratoid hepatoblastoma and mixed epithelial/mesenchymal HBs can be derived from the LSCs or even less committed extrahepatic pluripotent stem cell. 5) Many members of the PETLs family, including those derived from LSCs, hepatoblasts/HPCs, early HCPs and CCPs, have neuroendocrine potentiality. Except for those primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor (PHNET) exhibit hepatocytic and/or cholangiocytic phenotypes, other PHNETs subtype may be derived from the descendants of LSC that differentiate towards the upper digestive tract, pancreas or other lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Feng
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiliang Feng Clinical-Pathology Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, FengTai District, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-10-83997342Fax +86-10-83997343 Email
| | - Ruidong Zhu
- General Surgical Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College/Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fudong Lv
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Kochendoerfer AM, Modafferi F, Dunleavy EM. Centromere function in asymmetric cell division in Drosophila female and male germline stem cells. Open Biol 2021; 11:210107. [PMID: 34727723 PMCID: PMC8564616 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The centromere is the constricted chromosomal region required for the correct separation of the genetic material at cell division. The kinetochore protein complex assembles at the centromere and captures microtubules emanating from the centrosome to orchestrate chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a special type of mitosis that generates two daughter cells with different fates. Epigenetic mechanisms operating at the centromere have been proposed to contribute to ACD. Recent studies have shown that an asymmetric distribution of CENP-A-the centromere-specific histone H3 variant-between sister chromatids can bias chromosome segregation in ACD. In stem cells, this leads to non-random sister chromatid segregation, which can affect cell fate. These findings support the 'silent sister' hypothesis, according to which the mechanisms of ACD are epigenetically regulated through centromeres. Here, we review the recent data implicating centromeres in ACDs and cell fate in Drosophila melanogaster female and male germline stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje M. Kochendoerfer
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Federica Modafferi
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Elaine M. Dunleavy
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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17
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Sun Z, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Jia J, Zeng W, Fang D. Joint single-cell multiomic analysis in Wnt3a induced asymmetric stem cell division. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5941. [PMID: 34642323 PMCID: PMC8511096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling usually functions through a spatial gradient. Localized Wnt3a signaling can induce the asymmetric division of mouse embryonic stem cells, where proximal daughter cells maintain self-renewal and distal daughter cells acquire hallmarks of differentiation. Here, we develop an approach, same cell epigenome and transcriptome sequencing, to jointly profile the epigenome and transcriptome in the same single cell. Utilizing this method, we profiled H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 levels along with gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells with localized Wnt3a signaling, revealing the cell type-specific maps of the epigenome and transcriptome in divided daughter cells. H3K27me3, but not H3K4me3, is correlated with gene expression changes during asymmetric cell division. Furthermore, cell clusters identified by H3K27me3 recapitulate the corresponding clusters defined by gene expression. Our study provides a convenient method to jointly profile the epigenome and transcriptome in the same cell and reveals mechanistic insights into the gene regulatory programs that maintain and reset stem cell fate during differentiation. A localized Wnt3a signal has been shown to induce asymmetric division of mouse embryonic stem cells. Here the authors develop SET-seq, an approach to jointly profile epigenome and transcriptome in the same single cell and use it to provide mechanistic insights into the gene regulatory programs for maintaining and resetting stem cell fate during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yin Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Junqi Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Weiwu Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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18
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Carty BL, Dattoli AA, Dunleavy EM. CENP-C functions in centromere assembly, the maintenance of CENP-A asymmetry and epigenetic age in Drosophila germline stem cells. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009247. [PMID: 34014920 PMCID: PMC8136707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline stem cells divide asymmetrically to produce one new daughter stem cell and one daughter cell that will subsequently undergo meiosis and differentiate to generate the mature gamete. The silent sister hypothesis proposes that in asymmetric divisions, the selective inheritance of sister chromatids carrying specific epigenetic marks between stem and daughter cells impacts cell fate. To facilitate this selective inheritance, the hypothesis specifically proposes that the centromeric region of each sister chromatid is distinct. In Drosophila germ line stem cells (GSCs), it has recently been shown that the centromeric histone CENP-A (called CID in flies)—the epigenetic determinant of centromere identity—is asymmetrically distributed between sister chromatids. In these cells, CID deposition occurs in G2 phase such that sister chromatids destined to end up in the stem cell harbour more CENP-A, assemble more kinetochore proteins and capture more spindle microtubules. These results suggest a potential mechanism of ‘mitotic drive’ that might bias chromosome segregation. Here we report that the inner kinetochore protein CENP-C, is required for the assembly of CID in G2 phase in GSCs. Moreover, CENP-C is required to maintain a normal asymmetric distribution of CID between stem and daughter cells. In addition, we find that CID is lost from centromeres in aged GSCs and that a reduction in CENP-C accelerates this loss. Finally, we show that CENP-C depletion in GSCs disrupts the balance of stem and daughter cells in the ovary, shifting GSCs toward a self-renewal tendency. Ultimately, we provide evidence that centromere assembly and maintenance via CENP-C is required to sustain asymmetric divisions in female Drosophila GSCs. Stem cells can divide in an asymmetric fashion giving rise to two daughter cells with different fates. One daughter remains a stem cell, while the other can differentiate and adopt a new cell fate. Germline stem cells in the testes and ovaries give rise to differentiating daughter cells that eventually form the gametes, eggs and sperm. Here we investigate mechanisms controlling germline stem cell divisions occurring in the ovary of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Centromeres are epigenetically specified loci on chromosomes that make essential connections to the cell division machinery. Our study is focused on the centromere component CENP-C. We show that CENP-C is critical for the correct assembly of centromeres that occurs prior to cell division in germline stem cells. In addition, we find that CENP-C is asymmetrically distributed between stem and daughter cells, with more CENP-C at stem cell centromeres. Finally, we show that CENP-C depletion in germline stem cells disrupts the balance of stem and daughter cells in the developing ovary, impacting on cell fate. Taken together, we propose that CENP-C level and function at centromeres plays an important role in determining cell fate upon asymmetric division occurring in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben L. Carty
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anna A. Dattoli
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine M. Dunleavy
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:223-232. [PMID: 32406510 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.
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20
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Parental nucleosome segregation and the inheritance of cellular identity. Nat Rev Genet 2021; 22:379-392. [PMID: 33500558 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression programmes conferring cellular identity are achieved through the organization of chromatin structures that either facilitate or impede transcription. Among the key determinants of chromatin organization are the histone modifications that correlate with a given transcriptional status and chromatin state. Until recently, the details for the segregation of nucleosomes on DNA replication and their implications in re-establishing heritable chromatin domains remained unclear. Here, we review recent findings detailing the local segregation of parental nucleosomes and highlight important advances as to how histone methyltransferases associated with the establishment of repressive chromatin domains facilitate epigenetic inheritance.
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21
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Nandi A, Chowdhuri DK. Cadmium mediated redox modulation in germline stem cells homeostasis affects reproductive health of Drosophila males. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123737. [PMID: 33254766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of male germline stem cells (GSCs) homeostasis is crucial for successful reproductive life of adults. New insights gained on dysfunction in stem cell maintenance could be the basis of stem cell dependent ailment during adulthood. Cadmium (Cd), a reported male reproductive toxicant, has been explored inadequately for its impact on male GSCs maintenance. The present study, therefore, has been aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of Cd on the homeostasis of GSCs by using Drosophila testis as an in vivo model. Following developmental exposure of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL) to Drosophila, we showed that a significantly increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 20.0 μg/mL of Cd resulted in alteration of GSCs number accompanied by inappropriate differentiation leading to reduced sperm number and eventually poor reproductive performance in exposed organism. Rescuing effect was evident by overexpressing sod in the early germ cell stage. The study suggests that an alteration in GSCs homeostasis due to redox imbalance plays a pivotal role in Cd induced failure in male fertility. The study further advocates for the use of Drosophila as an alternative animal model for in vivo evaluation of male GSCs toxicity with minimal ethical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abik Nandi
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Abstract
There has long been a crucial tradeoff between spatial and temporal resolution in imaging. Imaging beyond the diffraction limit of light has traditionally been restricted to be used only on fixed samples or live cells outside of tissue labeled with strong fluorescent signal. Current super-resolution live cell imaging techniques require the use of special fluorescence probes, high illumination, multiple image acquisitions with post-acquisition processing, or often a combination of these processes. These prerequisites significantly limit the biological samples and contexts that this technique can be applied to. Here we describe a method to perform super-resolution (~140 nm XY-resolution) time-lapse fluorescence live cell imaging in situ. This technique is also compatible with low fluorescent intensity, for example, EGFP or mCherry endogenously tagged at lowly expressed genes. As a proof-of-principle, we have used this method to visualize multiple subcellular structures in the Drosophila testis. During tissue preparation, both the cellular structure and tissue morphology are maintained within the dissected testis. Here, we use this technique to image microtubule dynamics, the interactions between microtubules and the nuclear membrane, as well as the attachment of microtubules to centromeres. This technique requires special procedures in sample preparation, sample mounting and immobilizing of specimens. Additionally, the specimens must be maintained for several hours after dissection without compromising cellular function and activity. While we have optimized the conditions for live super-resolution imaging specifically in Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) and progenitor germ cells in dissected testis tissue, this technique is broadly applicable to a variety of different cell types. The ability to observe cells under their physiological conditions without sacrificing either spatial or temporal resolution will serve as an invaluable tool to researchers seeking to address crucial questions in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ranjan
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University;
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University;
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23
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Royall LN, Jessberger S. How stem cells remember their past. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:17-22. [PMID: 33429112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are required for tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. Recent data suggested that previous biographical experiences of individual stem cells influence their behavior in the context of tissue formation and govern stem cell responses to external stimuli. Here we provide a concise review how a cell's biography, for example, previous rounds of cell divisions or the age-dependent accumulation of cellular damage, is remembered in stem cells and how previous experiences affect the segregation of cellular components, thus guiding cellular behavior in vertebrate stem cells. Further, we suggest future directions of research that may help to unravel the molecular underpinnings of how past experiences guide future cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars N Royall
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Francis NJ, Sihou D. Inheritance of Histone (H3/H4): A Binary Choice? Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:5-14. [PMID: 32917507 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histones carry information in the form of post-translational modifications (PTMs). For this information to be propagated through cell cycles, parental histones and their PTMs need to be maintained at the same genomic locations. Yet, during DNA replication, every nucleosome in the genome is disrupted to allow passage of the replisome. Recent data have identified histone chaperone activities that are intrinsic components of the replisome and implicate them in maintaining parental histones during DNA replication. We propose that structural and kinetic coordination between DNA replication and replisome-associated histone chaperone activities ensures positional inheritance of histones and their PTMs. When this coordination is perturbed, histones may instead be recycled to random genomic locations by alternative histone chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Francis
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Djamouna Sihou
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montréal, 110 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Zion EH, Chandrasekhara C, Chen X. Asymmetric inheritance of epigenetic states in asymmetrically dividing stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:27-36. [PMID: 32871437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division produces two cells that are genetically identical but each have distinctly different cell fates. During this process, epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in allowing the two daughter cells to have unique gene expression profiles that lead to their specific cell identities. Although the process of duplicating and segregating the genetic information during the cell cycle has been well studied, the question of how epigenetic information is duplicated and partitioned still remains. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding how epigenetic states are established and inherited, with emphasis on the asymmetric inheritance patterns of histones, DNA methylation, nonhistone proteins, RNAs, and organelles. We also discuss how misregulation of these processes may lead to diseases such as cancer and tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Zion
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Chinmayi Chandrasekhara
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Abstract
Nucleosome dynamics and properties are central to all forms of genomic activities. Among the core histones, H3 variants play a pivotal role in modulating nucleosome structure and function. Here, we focus on the impact of H3 variants on various facets of development. The deposition of the replicative H3 variant following DNA replication is essential for the transmission of the epigenomic information encoded in posttranscriptional modifications. Through this process, replicative H3 maintains cell fate while, in contrast, the replacement H3.3 variant opposes cell differentiation during early embryogenesis. In later steps of development, H3.3 and specialized H3 variants are emerging as new, important regulators of terminal cell differentiation, including neurons and gametes. The specific pathways that regulate the dynamics of the deposition of H3.3 are paramount during reprogramming events that drive zygotic activation and the initiation of a new cycle of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Loppin
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria;
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Ma B, Trieu TJ, Cheng J, Zhou S, Tang Q, Xie J, Liu JL, Zhao K, Habib SJ, Chen X. Differential Histone Distribution Patterns in Induced Asymmetrically Dividing Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108003. [PMID: 32783931 PMCID: PMC7962874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt3a-coated beads can induce asymmetric divisions of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), resulting in one self-renewed mESC and one differentiating epiblast stem cell. This provides an opportunity for studying histone inheritance pattern at a single-cell resolution in cell culture. Here, we report that mESCs with Wnt3a-bead induction display nonoverlapping preexisting (old) versus newly synthesized (new) histone H3 patterns, but mESCs without Wnt3a beads have largely overlapping patterns. Furthermore, H4K20me2/3, an old histone-enriched modification, displays a higher instance of asymmetric distribution on chromatin fibers from Wnt3a-induced mESCs than those from non-induced mESCs. These locally distinct distributions between old and new histones have both cellular specificity in Wnt3a-induced mESCs and molecular specificity for histones H3 and H4. Given that post-translational modifications at H3 and H4 carry the major histone modifications, our findings provide a mammalian cell culture system to study histone inheritance for maintaining stem cell fate and for resetting it during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tung-Jui Trieu
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Shuang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Tang
- Systems Biology Center, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Xie
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shukry J Habib
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike to control cell fate and generate cell diversity. A detailed mechanistic understanding of ACD is therefore necessary to understand cell fate decisions in health and disease. ACD can be manifested in the biased segregation of macromolecules, the differential partitioning of cell organelles, or differences in sibling cell size or shape. These events are usually preceded by and influenced by symmetry breaking events and cell polarization. In this Review, we focus predominantly on cell intrinsic mechanisms and their contribution to cell polarization, ACD and binary cell fate decisions. We discuss examples of polarized systems and detail how polarization is established and, whenever possible, how it contributes to ACD. Established and emerging model organisms will be considered alike, illuminating both well-documented and underexplored forms of polarization and ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Sunchu
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Life Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Clemens Cabernard
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Life Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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