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Yuan C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang D. Procatechuic acid and protocatechuic aldehyde increase survival of Caenorhabditis elegans after fungal infection and inhibit fungal virulence. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396733. [PMID: 38841375 PMCID: PMC11150623 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL) are important phenolic compounds in plants. We here investigated their possible beneficial effect against fungal infection and the underlying mechanism. The model animal of Caenorhabditis elegans was used as host, and Candida albicans was used as fungal pathogen. The nematodes were first infected with C. albicans, and the PCA and PAL treatment were then performed. Post-treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL suppressed toxicity of C. albicans infection in reducing lifespan. Accompanied with this beneficial effect, treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL inhibited C. albicans accumulation in intestinal lumen. In addition, treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL suppressed the increase in expressions of antimicrobial genes caused by C. albicans infection. The beneficial effect of PCA and PAL against C. albicans infection depended on p38 MAPK and insulin signals. Moreover, although treatment with 10-100 μM PCA and PAL could not exhibit noticeable antifungal activity, PCA and PAL treatment obviously suppressed biofilm formation, inhibited hyphal growth, and reduced expressions of virulence genes (ALS3, CaVps34, Vma7, Vac1, and/or HWP1) related to biofilm formation and hyphal growth in C. albicans. Therefore, our data demonstrated the potential of PCA and PAL post-treatment against fungal infection and fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Deaprtment of Biochemistry and Molecrla Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Deaprtment of Biochemistry and Molecrla Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Deaprtment of Biochemistry and Molecrla Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Feng W, Chittò M, Xie W, Ren Q, Liu F, Kang X, Zhao D, Li G, Moriarty TF, Wang X. Poly(d-amino acid) Nanoparticles Target Staphylococcal Growth and Biofilm Disassembly by Interfering with Peptidoglycan Synthesis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8017-8028. [PMID: 38456817 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
d-Amino acids are signals for biofilm disassembly. However, unexpected metabolic pathways severely attenuate the utilization of d-amino acids in biofilm disassembly, resulting in unsatisfactory efficiency. Herein, three-dimensional poly(d-amino acid) nanoparticles (NPs), which possess the ability to block intracellular metabolism, are constructed with the aim of disassembling the biofilms. The obtained poly(α-N-acryloyl-d-phenylalanine)-block-poly(β-N-acryloyl-d-aminoalanine NPs (denoted as FA NPs) present α-amino groups and α-carboxyl groups of d-aminoalanine on their surface, which guarantees that FA NPs can effectively insert into bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) via the mediation of PG binding protein 4 (PBP4). Subsequently, the FA NPs trigger the detachment of amyloid-like fibers that connect to the PG and reduce the number of polysaccharides and proteins in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Finally, FA NPs damage the structural stability of EPS and lead to the disassembly of the biofilm. Based on this feature, FA NPs significantly enhance the killing efficacy of encapsulated sitafloxacin sesquihydrate (Sita) by facilitating the penetration of Sita within the biofilm, achieving complete elimination of Staphylococcal biofilm in mice. Therefore, this study strongly demonstrates that FA NPs can effectively improve biofilm disassembly efficacy and provide great potential for bacterial biofilm infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Chittò
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Wensheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Ren
- The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biointerfaces, EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fang Liu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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Sreelakshmi KP, Madhuri M, Swetha R, Rangarajan V, Roy U. Microbial lipopeptides: their pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential, applications, and way forward. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:135. [PMID: 38489053 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
As lead molecules, cyclic lipopeptides with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties have garnered a lot of attention in recent years. Because of their potential, cyclic lipopeptides have earned recognition as a significant class of antimicrobial compounds with applications in pharmacology and biotechnology. These lipopeptides, often with biosurfactant properties, are amphiphilic, consisting of a hydrophilic moiety, like a carboxyl group, peptide backbone, or carbohydrates, and a hydrophobic moiety, mostly a fatty acid. Besides, several lipopeptides also have cationic groups that play an important role in biological activities. Antimicrobial lipopeptides can be considered as possible substitutes for antibiotics that are conventional to address the current drug-resistant issues as pharmaceutical industries modify the parent antibiotic molecules to render them more effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi, leading to the development of more resistant microbial strains. Bacillus species produce lipopeptides, which are secondary metabolites that are amphiphilic and are typically synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). They have been identified as potential biocontrol agents as they exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. A further benefit of lipopeptides is that they can be produced and purified biotechnologically or biochemically in a sustainable manner using readily available, affordable, renewable sources without harming the environment. In this review, we discuss the biochemical and functional characterization of antifungal lipopeptides, as well as their various modes of action, method of production and purification (in brief), and potential applications as novel antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Sreelakshmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - M Madhuri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - R Swetha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - Vivek Rangarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-KK Birla Goa Campus Goa, NH 17 B Bypass Rd., Goa, 403726, India.
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Musa OI, Akande SA, Ijah UJJ, Abioye OP, Maude AM, Samuel JO, Mustapha A, Abdulrahim AM, Gusdanis ACG. Biofilms communities in the soil: characteristic and interactions using mathematical model. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104149. [PMID: 37923049 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
There are many different kinds of microorganisms in the soil, and many of them are biofilms because they can make supracellular compounds. Surface-associated microorganisms in a biofilm are encased in a hydrated extracellular polymeric substance that aids in adherence and survival. Numerous different kinds of microorganisms call the soil home. Strong interactions with and among species are made possible by biofilms; this, in turn, might increase the effectiveness with which organic compounds and poisons in soil are degraded. This encouraged us to take a close look at soil biofilm ecosystems, which we do in this paper. In this research, we will look at how soil biofilms arise and how that affects the composition of microbial communities and their function in the soil. Recent years have seen an uptick in interest in questions about biofilm structure and the social interactions of various bacteria. Many concepts elucidating the underlying mathematics of biofilm growth are also presented. Since biofilms are so widespread, this breakthrough in soil biofilm inquiry might help scientists understand soil microbiomes better. Mathematical models further extrapolate the relationships between microbial communities and gives a more precise information as to what is happening in a biofilm. Biofilms can help plants cope with a variety of environmental challenges. Soil quality, plant nourishment, plant protection, bioremediation, and climate change are all influenced by the interplay of biofilm communities. Thus, biofilms play an important role in the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojeba Innocent Musa
- Department of Microbiology, Skyline University Nigeria, Kano State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Olabisi Peter Abioye
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Asmau Mohammed Maude
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Job Oloruntoba Samuel
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Mustapha
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Al-Musbahu Abdulrahim
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
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Li P, Yin R, Cheng J, Lin J. Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Biomaterials and Approaches to Its Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11680. [PMID: 37511440 PMCID: PMC10380251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can cause widespread infection. In addition to causing urinary tract infections and pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, biofilms can help microorganisms adhere to the surfaces of various medical devices, causing biofilm-associated infections on the surfaces of biomaterials such as venous ducts, joint prostheses, mechanical heart valves, and catheters. Biofilms provide a protective barrier for bacteria and provide resistance to antimicrobial agents, which increases the morbidity and mortality of patients. This review summarizes biofilm formation processes and resistance mechanisms, as well as the main features of clinically persistent infections caused by biofilms. Considering the various infections caused by clinical medical devices, we introduce two main methods to prevent and treat biomaterial-related biofilm infection: antibacterial coatings and the surface modification of biomaterials. Antibacterial coatings depend on the covalent immobilization of antimicrobial agents on the coating surface and drug release to prevent and combat infection, while the surface modification of biomaterials affects the adhesion behavior of cells on the surfaces of implants and the subsequent biofilm formation process by altering the physical and chemical properties of the implant material surface. The advantages of each strategy in terms of their antibacterial effect, biocompatibility, limitations, and application prospects are analyzed, providing ideas and research directions for the development of novel biofilm infection strategies related to therapeutic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (J.C.)
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Li X, Zhang N, Zhang L, Liu C, Zheng S, Lou H. Synergy and Mechanism of Leflunomide Plus Fluconazole Against Resistant Candida albicans: An in vitro Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4147-4158. [PMID: 37396066 PMCID: PMC10314782 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s415229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The global rise in the resistance of Candida albicans to conventional antifungals makes Candida albicans infections harder to treat. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal effects and underlying mechanisms of leflunomide in combination with triazoles against resistant Candida albicans. Methods In this study, the microdilution method was used to determine the antifungal effects of leflunomide in combination with three triazoles on planktonic cells in vitro. The morphological transition from yeast to hyphae was observed under a microscope. The effects on ROS, metacaspase, efflux pumps, and intracellular calcium concentration were investigated, respectively. Results Our findings suggested that leflunomide + triazoles showed a synergistic effect against resistant Candida albicans in vitro. Further study concluded that the synergistic mechanisms were resulted from multiple factors, including the inhibited efflux of triazoles, the inhibition of yeast-to-hyphae transition, ROS increasing, metacaspase activation, and [Ca2+]i disturbance. Discussion Leflunomide appears to be a potential enhancer of current antifungal agents for treating candidiasis caused by resistant Candida albicans. This study can also serve as an example to inspire the exploration of new approaches to treating resistant Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuping Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, 274300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Hospital for Reproductive Medicine Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shicun Zheng
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People’s Republic of China
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Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Bruggemann L, Aalinkeel R. Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1614. [PMID: 37375116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - James Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Liana Bruggemann
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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Ngenge Tamfu A, Boukhedena W, Boudiba S, Deghboudj S, Ceylan O. Synthesis and evaluation of inhibitory potentials of microbial biofilms and quorum-sensing by 3-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene) pentane-2,4-dione and ethyl-2-cyano-2-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene) acetate. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e87834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulence and resistance of pathogenic microorganisms are promoted by quorum-sensing (QS) mediated traits and biofilms. The development of antimicrobial agents which can reduce the incidence of microbial resistance by disrupting the establishment of biofilms and QS, constitute a suitable strategy to reduce the emergence of pathogenic strains that are resistant to antibiotics. In this study, 3-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene) pentane-2,4-dione (1) and ethyl-2-cyano-2-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene) acetate (2) were successfully synthesized and characterized using EIMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques. On S. aureus, both compounds had MIC (minimal inhibitory concentrations) of 0.625 mg/mL while on E. coli and C. albicans, compound 2 showed higher activity than compound 1. All compounds inhibited formation of biofilms by C. albicans and S. aureus at sub-MIC with compound 1 being more active than compound 2. On E. coli, only compound 1 inhibited biofilm formation. Violacein production of violacein in C. violaceum CV12472 and quorum sensing in C. violaceum CV026 were inhibited indicating that the compounds could block signal production and reception. Anti-quorum sensing at sub-MIC concentrations revealed by inhibition zones were 13.0±0.5 mm and 8.0±0.5 mm at MIC and MIC/2 respectively for compound 1 and for compound 2, they were 11.5±0.4 mm and 7.5±0.0 mm at MIC and MIC/2 respectively. Concentration-dependent swarming motility was exhibited by both compounds with compound 1 slightly more active than compound 2. The results indicate that the organosulphur compounds could be suitable candidates for modern antibiotics.
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Ramakrishnan R, Singh AK, Singh S, Chakravortty D, Das D. Enzymatic Dispersion of Biofilms: An Emerging Biocatalytic Avenue to Combat Biofilm-Mediated Microbial Infections. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102352. [PMID: 35940306 PMCID: PMC9478923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance by pathogenic microbes has emerged as a matter of great concern to mankind. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi employ multiple defense mechanisms against drugs and the host immune system. A major line of microbial defense is the biofilm, which comprises extracellular polymeric substances that are produced by the population of microorganisms. Around 80% of chronic bacterial infections are associated with biofilms. The presence of biofilms can increase the necessity of doses of certain antibiotics up to 1000-fold to combat infection. Thus, there is an urgent need for strategies to eradicate biofilms. Although a few physicochemical methods have been developed to prevent and treat biofilms, these methods have poor efficacy and biocompatibility. In this review, we discuss the existing strategies to combat biofilms and their challenges. Subsequently, we spotlight the potential of enzymes, in particular, polysaccharide degrading enzymes, for biofilm dispersion, which might lead to facile antimicrobial treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Simran Singh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Citrus Essential Oils: a Treasure Trove of Antibiofilm Agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4625-4638. [PMID: 35779176 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are groups of adherent cell communities that cohere to the biotic and abiotic surfaces with the help of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS allow bacteria to form a biofilm that facilitates their binding to biotic and abiotic surfaces and provides resistance to the host immune responses and to antibiotics. There are efforts that have led to the development of natural compounds that can overcome this biofilm-mediated resistance. Essential oils (EOs) are a unique mixture of compounds that plays a key role in preventing the development of biofilm. The present overview focusses on the role of various types of citrus essential oils in acting against the biofilm, and the antibiofilm properties of natural compounds that may show an avenue to treat the multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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11
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Fortune GT, Oliveira NM, Goldstein RE. Biofilm Growth under Elastic Confinement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:178102. [PMID: 35570462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.178102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria often form surface-bound communities, embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix, called biofilms. Quantitative studies of bioflim growth have typically focused on unconfined expansion above solid or semisolid surfaces, leading to exponential radial growth. This geometry does not accurately reflect the natural or biomedical contexts in which biofilms grow in confined spaces. Here, we consider one of the simplest confined geometries: a biofilm growing laterally in the space between a solid surface and an overlying elastic sheet. A poroelastic framework is utilized to derive the radial growth rate of the biofilm; it reveals an additional self-similar expansion regime, governed by the Poisson's ratio of the matrix, leading to a finite maximum radius, consistent with our experimental observations of growing Bacillus subtilis biofilms confined by polydimethylsiloxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Fortune
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno M Oliveira
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond E Goldstein
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
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12
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Safadi S, Maan H, Kolodkin-Gal I, Tsesis I, Rosen E. The Products of Probiotic Bacteria Effectively Treat Persistent Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040751. [PMID: 35456585 PMCID: PMC9027392 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium that possesses various survival and virulence factors, including the ability to compete with other microorganisms, invade dentinal tubules, and resist nutritional deprivation. E. faecalis is associated with persistent endodontic infections where biofilms formed by this bacterium in the root canal frequently resist dental therapies. Aseptic techniques, such as the inclusion of sodium hypochlorite, are the most commonly used methods to treat E. faecalis infections within the root canal system. In this work, we assess the effectiveness of probiotic strains to prevent the regrowth of E. faecalis biofilm cells treated by sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Methods: First, methods are presented that evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to sodium-hypochlorite on established E. faecalis. Next, we evaluate the effects of the secreted products of probiotic strains on biofilm cells and planktonic cells. Results: Sodium hypochlorite, the treatment conventionally used to decontaminate infected root canal systems, was extremely toxic to planktonic bacteria but did not fully eradicate biofilm cells. Furthermore, low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite induced eDNA dependent biofilms. Strikingly, conditioned medium from the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei was sufficient to fully prevent the regrowth of treated biofilms while showing reduced potency towards planktonic cells. Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite irrigations may contribute to the persistence of biofilm cells if used at concentrations lower than 3%. Probiotic strains and their products represent a new reservoir of biofilm therapies for E. faecalis infections formed in the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Safadi
- Department of Endodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 699780l, Israel;
| | - Harsh Maan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100001, Israel;
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100001, Israel;
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100001, Israel
- Correspondence: (I.K.-G.); (I.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Igor Tsesis
- Department of Endodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 699780l, Israel;
- Correspondence: (I.K.-G.); (I.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Eyal Rosen
- Department of Endodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 699780l, Israel;
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (I.K.-G.); (I.T.); (E.R.)
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13
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Development of small molecules that work cooperatively with ciprofloxacin to clear salmonella biofilms in a chronic gallbladder carriage model. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114203. [PMID: 35219950 PMCID: PMC8930541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars cause millions of infections each year that result either in typhoid fever or salmonellosis. Among those serovars that cause typhoid fever, Salmonella enterica subspecies Typhi can form biofilms on gallstones in the gallbladders of acutely-infected patients, leading to chronic carriage of the bacterium. These biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic-mediated eradication, leading to chronic fecal shedding of the bacteria, which results in further disease transmission. Herein, we report the synthesis and anti-biofilm activity of a 55-member library of small molecules based upon a previously identified hit that both inhibits and disrupts S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium (a nontyphoidal model serovar for S. Typhi) biofilms. Lead compounds inhibit S. Typhimurium biofilm formation in vitro at sub-micromolar concentrations, and disperse biofilms with five-fold greater potentency than the parent compound. Three of the most promising compounds demonstrated synergy with ciprofloxacin in a murine model of chronic Salmonella carriage. This work furthers the development of effective anti-biofilm agents as a promising therapeutic avenue for the eradication of typhoidal Salmonella.
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Mollah MZI, Zahid HM, Mahal Z, Faruque MRI, Khandaker MU. The Usages and Potential Uses of Alginate for Healthcare Applications. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:719972. [PMID: 34692769 PMCID: PMC8530156 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.719972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, alginate-based biomaterials have been extensively used to treat different diseases, and in the regeneration of diverse organs. A lot of research has been done by the different scientific community to develop biofilms for fulfilling the need for sustainable human health. The aim of this review is to hit upon a hydrogel enhancing the scope of utilization in biomedical applications. The presence of active sites in alginate hydrogels can be manipulated for managing various non-communicable diseases by encapsulating, with the bioactive component as a potential site for chemicals in developing drugs, or for delivering macromolecule nutrients. Gels are accepted for cell implantation in tissue regeneration, as they can transfer cells to the intended site. Thus, this review will accelerate advanced research avenues in tissue engineering and the potential of alginate biofilms in the healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z I Mollah
- Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.,Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - H M Zahid
- Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Z Mahal
- Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - M U Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chan Y, Wu XH, Chieng BW, Ibrahim NA, Then YY. Superhydrophobic Nanocoatings as Intervention against Biofilm-Associated Bacterial Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1046. [PMID: 33921904 PMCID: PMC8073257 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation represents a significant cause of concern as it has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thereby imposing a huge burden on public healthcare system throughout the world. As biofilms are usually resistant to various conventional antimicrobial interventions, they may result in severe and persistent infections, which necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-based infections. Physicochemical modification of the biomaterials utilized in medical devices to mitigate initial microbial attachment has been proposed as a promising strategy in combating polymicrobial infections, as the adhesion of microorganisms is typically the first step for the formation of biofilms. For instance, superhydrophobic surfaces have been shown to possess substantial anti-biofilm properties attributed to the presence of nanostructures. In this article, we provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and their composition, as well as the applications of nanomaterials as superhydrophobic nanocoatings for the development of novel anti-biofilm therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Chan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Xun Hui Wu
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Buong Woei Chieng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (B.W.C.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (B.W.C.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Yoon Yee Then
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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16
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Aguilar-Marcelino L, Al-Ani LKT, Freitas Soares FED, Moreira ALE, Téllez-Téllez M, Castañeda-Ramírez GS, Lourdes Acosta-Urdapilleta MD, Díaz-Godínez G, Pineda-Alegría JA. Formation, Resistance, and Pathogenicity of Fungal Biofilms: Current Trends and Future Challenges. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Sandala JL, Eichar BW, Kuo LG, Hahn MM, Basak AK, Huggins WM, Woolard K, Melander C, Gunn JS. A dual-therapy approach for the treatment of biofilm-mediated Salmonella gallbladder carriage. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009192. [PMID: 33370414 PMCID: PMC7793255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic carriage of Salmonella Typhi continues to facilitate the transmission of typhoid fever, resulting in 14 million new infections and 136,000 fatalities each year. Asymptomatic chronic carriage of S. Typhi is facilitated by the formation of biofilms on gallstones that protect the bacteria from environmental insults and immune system clearance. Here, we identified two unique small molecules capable of both inhibiting Salmonella biofilm growth and disrupting pre-formed biofilm structures without affecting bacterial viability. In a mouse model of chronic gallbladder Salmonella carriage, treatment with either compound reduced bacterial burden in the gallbladder by 1–2 logs resulting in bacterial dissemination to peripheral organs that was associated with increased mortality. Co-administration of either compound with ciprofloxacin not only enhanced compound efficacy in the gallbladder by a further 1–1.5 logs for a total of 3–4.5 log reduction, but also prevented bacterial dissemination to peripheral organs. These data suggest a dual-therapy approach targeting both biofilm and planktonic populations can be further developed as a safe and efficient treatment of biofilm-mediated chronic S. Typhi infections. Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), a bacterium that causes as many as 14 million new infections and 136,000 deaths annually. Asymptomatic chronic carriers of S. Typhi play a major role in the transmission of typhoid fever, as they intermittently shed the bacteria and can unknowingly infect surrounding individuals. Here, we characterized novel compounds that target biofilm formation, a process utilized by S. Typhi to establish and maintain chronic carriage in the gallbladder, in hopes that they may be eventually used in conjunction with traditional antibiotics to prevent and/or cure chronic infections more efficiently than antibiotics alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Sandala
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bradley W. Eichar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Laura G. Kuo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark M. Hahn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Akash K. Basak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - William M. Huggins
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katherine Woolard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John S. Gunn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Zizovic I. Supercritical Fluid Applications in the Design of Novel Antimicrobial Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:E2491. [PMID: 32471270 PMCID: PMC7321342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the biggest problems in the modern world. The prevention of bacterial spreading from hospitals to the community and vice versa is an issue we have to deal with. This review presents a vast potential of contemporary high-pressure techniques in the design of materials with antimicrobial activity. Scientists from all over the world came up with ideas on how to exploit extraordinary properties of supercritical fluids in the production of advantageous materials in an environmentally friendly way. The review summarizes reported methods and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Zizovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Fang K, Park OJ, Hong SH. Controlling biofilms using synthetic biology approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107518. [PMID: 31953206 PMCID: PMC7125041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are formed by the complex but ordered regulation of intra- or inter-cellular communication, environmentally responsive gene expression, and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Given the robust nature of biofilms due to the non-growing nature of biofilm bacteria and the physical barrier provided by the extracellular matrix, eradicating biofilms is a very difficult task to accomplish with conventional antibiotic or disinfectant treatments. Synthetic biology holds substantial promise for controlling biofilms by improving and expanding existing biological tools, introducing novel functions to the system, and re-conceptualizing gene regulation. This review summarizes synthetic biology approaches used to eradicate biofilms via protein engineering of biofilm-related enzymes, utilization of synthetic genetic circuits, and the development of functional living agents. Synthetic biology also enables beneficial applications of biofilms through the production of biomaterials and patterning biofilms with specific temporal and spatial structures. Advances in synthetic biology will add novel biofilm functionalities for future therapeutic, biomanufacturing, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuili Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Oh-Jin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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20
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Das S, Czuni L, Báló V, Papp G, Gazdag Z, Papp N, Kőszegi T. Cytotoxic Action of Artemisinin and Scopoletin on Planktonic Forms and on Biofilms of Candida Species. Molecules 2020; 25:E476. [PMID: 31979177 PMCID: PMC7038054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antifungal activities of purified plant metabolites artemisinin (Ar) and scopoletin (Sc) including inhibition, effects on metabolic activities, viability, and oxidative stress on planktonic forms and on preformed biofilms of seven Candida species. The characteristic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of Ar and Sc against Candida species ranged from 21.83-142.1 µg/mL and 67.22-119.4 µg/mL, respectively. Drug concentrations causing ≈10% CFU decrease within 60 minutes of treatments were also determined (minimum effective concentration, MEC10) using 100-fold higher CFUs than in the case of MIC90 studies. Cytotoxic effects on planktonic and on mature biofilms of Candida species at MEC10 concentrations were further evaluated with fluorescent live/dead discrimination techniques. Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida parapsilosis were the species most sensitive to Ar and Sc. Ar and Sc were also found to promote the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing oxidative stress at their respective MEC10 concentrations against the tested planktonic Candida species. Ar and Sc possess dose-dependent antifungal action but the underlying mechanism type (fungistatic and fungicidal) is not clear yet. Our data suggest that Ar and Sc found in herbal plants might have potential usage in the fight against Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Lilla Czuni
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Viktória Báló
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Gábor Papp
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gazdag
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Nóra Papp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, 7624 Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
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Singh AK, Sharma P. Disinfectant-like activity of lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus tequilensis strain SDS21. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 185:110514. [PMID: 31639569 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Antiseptics and disinfectants are widely applied for eliminating microorganisms. However, microorganisms dwelling in the biofilm are less susceptible and in some cases resistant to biocide treatment. The present study describes isolation and characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant exhibiting disinfectant-like activity. Biosurfactant was produced by an endo-rhizospheric bacterium Bacillus tequilensis strain SDS21. Biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 30 mN/m with CMC of 40 mg/l. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of biosurfactant suggested it to be a mixture of C14, C15, C16 and C17 surfactin homologues. The lipopeptide biosurfactant exhibited bactericidal activity against planktonic cells and biofilm residing sessile cells. The biosurfactant treatment eradicated more than 99% of bacterial biofilm present on polystyrene, glass and stainless steel surface. The biosurfactant retained its bactericidal and biofilm eradicating activities even after exposure to extreme conditions like high temperate and extreme pH. Unlike some of the commonly used disinfectant, biosurfactant retained its bactericidal and biofilm removing activity even in the hard water containing Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. Thus, suggesting that biosurfactant produced by strain SDS21 can be used as a disinfectant or in disinfectant-like formulations effective against both planktonic and biofilm residing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144030, India.
| | - Prakriti Sharma
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary And Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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22
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Shin DS, Eom YB. Zerumbone inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal growth. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:713-721. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilm formation is considered an important matter because it can lead to strong resistance to conventional antifungal agents. Hyphae formed by C. albicans can also act as an important virulence factor related to its biofilm. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zerumbone, a monocyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, against C. albicans biofilm formation. Our results suggest that zerumbone possesses antifungal and antibiofilm activity that inhibits biofilm formation and eradicates preformed biofilm. Notably, zerumbone considerably reduced carbohydrate and DNA contents of biofilm matrix. In addition, zerumbone showed antivirulence effects by decreasing the growth of hyphae and inhibiting morphologic changes of C. albicans. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly downregulated expression levels of biofilm-related and hyphae-specific genes, including HWP1 and ALS3. Since zerumbone suppresses biofilm formation and hyphae growth, these results indicate that zerumbone could be used as a potential candidate to treat and prevent C. albicans biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Seul Shin
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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The Plant Host Induces Antibiotic Production To Select the Most-Beneficial Colonizers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00512-19. [PMID: 31003984 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00512-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial ecosystems tightly associated with a eukaryotic host are widespread in nature. The genetic and metabolic networks of the eukaryotic hosts and the associated microbes have coevolved to form a symbiotic relationship. Both the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative Serratia plymuthica can form biofilms on plant roots and thus can serve as a model system for the study of interspecies interactions in a host-associated ecosystem. We found that B. subtilis biofilms expand collectively and asymmetrically toward S. plymuthica, while expressing a nonribosomal antibiotic bacillaene and an extracellular protease. As a result, B. subtilis biofilms outcompeted S. plymuthica for successful colonization of the host. Strikingly, the plant host was able to enhance the efficiency of this killing by inducing bacillaene synthesis. In turn, B. subtilis biofilms increased the resistance of the plant host to pathogens. These results provide an example of how plant-bacterium symbiosis promotes the immune response of the plant host and the fitness of the associated bacteria.IMPORTANCE Our study sheds mechanistic light on how multicellular biofilm units compete to successfully colonize a eukaryote host, using B. subtilis microbial communities as our lens. The microbiota and its interactions with its host play various roles in the development and prevention of diseases. Using competing beneficial biofilms that are essential microbiota members on the plant host, we found that B. subtilis biofilms activate collective migration to capture their prey, followed by nonribosomal antibiotic synthesis. Plant hosts increase the efficiency of antibiotic production by B. subtilis biofilms, as they activate the synthesis of polyketides; therefore, our study provides evidence of a mechanism by which the host can indirectly select for beneficial microbiota members.
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Khatoon Z, McTiernan CD, Suuronen EJ, Mah TF, Alarcon EI. Bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and approaches to its treatment and prevention. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01067. [PMID: 30619958 PMCID: PMC6312881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, biofilms are defined as complex communities of bacteria residing within an exopolysaccharide matrix that adheres to a surface. In the clinic, they are typically the cause of chronic, nosocomial, and medical device-related infections. Due to the antibiotic-resistant nature of biofilms, the use of antibiotics alone is ineffective for treating biofilm-related infections. In this review, we present a brief overview of concepts of bacterial biofilm formation, and current state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating biofilms. Also, we have reviewed the prevalence of such infections on medical devices and discussed the future challenges that need to be overcome in order to successfully treat biofilms using the novel technologies being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Khatoon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Christopher D. McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Zizovic I, Senerovic L, Moric I, Adamovic T, Jovanovic M, Krusic MK, Misic D, Stojanovic D, Milovanovic S. Utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide in fabrication of cellulose acetate films with anti-biofilm effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Hassanov T, Karunker I, Steinberg N, Erez A, Kolodkin-Gal I. Novel antibiofilm chemotherapies target nitrogen from glutamate and glutamine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7097. [PMID: 29740028 PMCID: PMC5940852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in nature often reside in differentiated communities termed biofilms, which are an active interphase between uni-cellular and multicellular life states for bacteria. Here we demonstrate that the development of B. subtilis biofilms is dependent on the use of glutamine or glutamate as a nitrogen source. We show a differential metabolic requirement within the biofilm; while glutamine is necessary for the dividing cells at the edges, the inner cell mass utilizes lactic acid. Our results indicate that biofilm cells preserve a short-term memory of glutamate metabolism. Finally, we establish that drugs that target glutamine and glutamate utilization restrict biofilm development. Overall, our work reveals a spatial regulation of nitrogen and carbon metabolism within the biofilm, which contributes to the fitness of bacterial complex communities. This acquired metabolic division of labor within biofilm can serve as a target for novel anti-biofilm chemotherapies
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hassanov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iris Karunker
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nitai Steinberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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27
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Challenges in the Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis and its Implications on Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Application of D-Amino Acids as Biofilm Dispersing Agent in Dental Unit Waterlines. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:9413925. [PMID: 29593796 PMCID: PMC5821966 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9413925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and Purpose Biofilms in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are extremely difficult to eliminate. Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a mixture of four D-amino acids on biofilm dispersion in DUWLs. Materials and Methods A mixture of four D-amino acids (D-methionine, D-tryptophan, D-leucine, and D-tyrosine, 10 mM each), distilled water (control), and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used in the experiment. In laboratory, pieces of DUWLs covered with biofilms were submerged in different solutions for 5 days, flushed, and measured OD600 of the dispersed biofilms. Remnants of biofilms on the DUWLs were evaluated by SEM. In clinic, fifteen DCUs were incubated with test and control solutions, flushed, and measured OD600 of the dispersed biofilms. Microbial count of DUWL output water was enumerated twice a week for four weeks. Results There was a slight, but not significant, increase in OD600 of flushing water in D-amino acids group. D-amino acids effectively reduced bacterial plaque as demonstrated by SEM. Incubation with D-amino acids significantly reduced biofilms especially after the first day of flushing. Bacterial count in DUWL output water was significantly reduced after treatment with D-amino acids. Conclusion D-amino acids are applicable as biofilm dispersing agents in DUWLs.
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Prasad YS, Miryala S, Lalitha K, Ranjitha K, Barbhaiwala S, Sridharan V, Maheswari CU, Srinandan CS, Nagarajan S. Disassembly of Bacterial Biofilms by the Self-Assembled Glycolipids Derived from Renewable Resources. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40047-40058. [PMID: 29096062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of chronic infections of bacteria are caused by biofilms. It is also a long-term survival strategy of the pathogens in a nonhost environment. Several amphiphilic molecules have been used in the past to potentially disrupt biofilms; however, the involvement of multistep synthesis, complicated purification and poor yield still remains a major problem. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of glycolipid based surfactant from renewable feedstocks in good yield. The nature of carbohydrate unit present in glycolipid influence the ring chain tautomerism, which resulted in the existence of either cyclic structure or both cyclic and acyclic structures. Interestingly, these glycolipids self-assemble into gel in highly hydrophobic solvents and vegetable oils, and displayed foam formation in water. The potential application of these self-assembled glycolipids to disrupt preformed biofilm was examined against various pathogens. It was observed that glycolipid 6a disrupts Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes biofilm, while the compound 6c was effective in disassembling uropathogenic E. coli and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium biofilms. Altogether, the supramolecular self-assembled materials, either as gel or as surfactant solution could be potentially used for surface cleansing in hospital environments or the food processing industries to effectively reduce pathogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadavali Siva Prasad
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandeep Miryala
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Lalitha
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Ranjitha
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shehnaz Barbhaiwala
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Uma Maheswari
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C S Srinandan
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Owing to their natural origin and environmental compatibility, interest in microbial surfactants or biosurfactants has gained attention during last few years. These characteristics fulfill the demand of regulatory agencies and society to use more sustained and green chemicals. Microbial-derived surfactants can replace synthetic surfactants in a great variety of industrial applications as detergents, foaming, emulsifiers, solubilizers, and wetting agents. Change in the trend of consumers toward natural from synthetic additives and the increasing health and environmental concerns have created demand for new "green" additives in foods. Apart from their inherent surface-active properties, biosurfactants have shown antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against food pathogens; therefore, biosurfactants can be versatile additives or ingredients of food processing. These interesting applications will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Nitschke
- a Depto. Físico-Química , Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos CEP , SP , Brasil
| | - Sumária Sousa E Silva
- a Depto. Físico-Química , Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos CEP , SP , Brasil
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Beyond the wall: can D-amino acids and small molecule inhibitors eliminate infections? Future Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28635317 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Aleksić I, Šegan S, Andrić F, Zlatović M, Moric I, Opsenica DM, Senerovic L. Long-Chain 4-Aminoquinolines as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1425-1434. [PMID: 28350449 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a serious global threat to public health; therefore, improved strategies and structurally novel antimicrobials are urgently needed to combat infectious diseases. Here we report a new type of highly potent 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as quorum sensing inhibitors in Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibiting weak bactericidal activities (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 400 μM). Through detailed structure-activity study, we have identified 7-Cl and 7-CF3 substituted N-dodecylamino-4-aminoquinolines (5 and 10) as biofilm formation inhibitors with 50% biofilm inhibition at 69 μM and 63 μM in S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa, respectively. These two compounds, 5 and 10, are the first quinoline derivatives with anti-biofilm formation activity reported in S. marcescens. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis identified structural descriptors such as Wiener indices, hyper-distance-path index (HDPI), mean topological charge (MTC), topological charge index (TCI), and log D(o/w)exp as the most influential in biofilm inhibition in this bacterial species. Derivative 10 is one of the most potent quinoline type inhibitors of pyocyanin production described so far (IC50 = 2.5 μM). While we have demonstrated that 5 and 10 act as Pseudomonas quinolone system (PQS) antagonists, the mechanism of inhibition of S. marcescens biofilm formation with these compounds remains open since signaling similar to P. aeruginosa PQS system has not yet been described in Serratia and activity of these compounds on acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) signaling has not been detected. Our data show that 7-Cl and 7-CF3 substituted N-dodecylamino-4-aminoquinolines present the promising scaffolds for developing antivirulence and anti-biofilm formation agents against multidrug-resistant bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Aleksić
- Institute
of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Šegan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Andrić
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Zlatović
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Moric
- Institute
of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan M. Opsenica
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Senerovic
- Institute
of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
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Omar A, Wright JB, Schultz G, Burrell R, Nadworny P. Microbial Biofilms and Chronic Wounds. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5010009. [PMID: 28272369 PMCID: PMC5374386 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background is provided on biofilms, including their formation, tolerance mechanisms, structure, and morphology within the context of chronic wounds. The features of biofilms in chronic wounds are discussed in detail, as is the impact of biofilm on wound chronicity. Difficulties associated with the use of standard susceptibility tests (minimum inhibitory concentrations or MICs) to determine appropriate treatment regimens for, or develop new treatments for use in, chronic wounds are discussed, with alternate test methods specific to biofilms being recommended. Animal models appropriate for evaluating biofilm treatments are also described. Current and potential future therapies for treatment of biofilm-containing chronic wounds, including probiotic therapy, virulence attenuation, biofilm phenotype expression attenuation, immune response suppression, and aggressive debridement combined with antimicrobial dressings, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Omar
- Innovotech Inc., Suite 101, 2011 94 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6N 1H1, Canada.
| | - J Barry Wright
- Harkynn Consulting, P.O. Box 104, Albertville, Saskatchewan S0J 0A0, Canada.
| | - Gregory Schultz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, 1600 South West Archer Road, Room M337F, Gainesville, FL 32610-0294, USA.
| | - Robert Burrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculties of Engineering and Medicine & Dentistry, 1101 Research Transition Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada.
| | - Patricia Nadworny
- Innovotech Inc., Suite 101, 2011 94 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6N 1H1, Canada.
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Rosen E, Tsesis I, Elbahary S, Storzi N, Kolodkin-Gal I. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms on Human Dentin. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2055. [PMID: 28082955 PMCID: PMC5183576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This work assesses different methods to interfere with Enterococcus faecalis biofilms formed on human dentin slabs. Methods: First, methods are presented that select for small molecule inhibitors of biofilm targets using multi-well polystyrene biofilm plates. Next, we establish methodologies to study and interfere with biofilm formation on a medically relevant model, whereby biofilms are grown on human root dentin slabs. Results: Non-conventional D-amino acid (D-Leucine) can efficiently disperse biofilms formed on dentin slabs without disturbing planktonic growth. Cation chelators interfere with biofilm formation on dentin slabs and polystyrene surfaces, and modestly impact planktonic growth. Strikingly, sodium hypochlorite, the treatment conventionally used to decontaminate infected root canal systems, was extremely toxic to planktonic bacteria, but did not eradicate biofilm cells. Instead, it induced a viable but non-culturable state in biofilm cells when grown on dentin slabs. Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite may contribute to bacterial persistence. A combination of the methods described here can greatly contribute to the development of biofilm inhibitors and therapies to treat Enterococcus faecalis infections formed in the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Rosen
- Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Igor Tsesis
- Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Elbahary
- Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nimrod Storzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel
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Bhattacharjee A, Nusca TD, Hochbaum AI. Rhamnolipids Mediate an Interspecies Biofilm Dispersal Signaling Pathway. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3068-3076. [PMID: 27623227 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are problematic in natural and anthropogenic environments, and they confer protective properties on their constituent cells, making them difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. Antibiofilm strategies, therefore, represent a promising direction of research for treating biofilm infections. Natural autodispersal and interspecies dispersal signaling pathways provide insight into cell-cell communication mechanisms, species dynamics in mixed communities, and potential targets for infection therapies. Here, we describe a novel interspecies dispersal signaling pathway between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. E. coli biofilms disperse in response to compounds in P. aeruginosa culture supernatant. Two components of the P. aeruginosa Las and Rhl quorum sensing systems, N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (3oxoC12HSL) and rhamnolipids, are found to act cooperatively to disperse E. coli biofilms. Our results indicate that rhamnolipids do not affect growth, biofilm development, or dispersal in E. coli but instead complement 3oxoC12HSL signaling by inducing selective permeability of the E. coli membrane. The increased target cell permeability is consistent with rhamnolipid-mediated removal of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli membranes and appears to selectively increase the permeability of lipophilic acyl homoserine lactones. This work suggests that rhamnolipids play a critical role in P. aeruginosa-E. coli interspecies signaling. Rhamnolipids and other biosurfactants may have similar effects in other intra- and interspecies chemical signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Bhattacharjee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tyler D. Nusca
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allon I. Hochbaum
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Hoque J, Konai MM, Sequeira SS, Samaddar S, Haldar J. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Cationic Small Molecules with Spatial Positioning of Hydrophobicity: An in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10750-10762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Hoque
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Mohini M. Konai
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Shanola S. Sequeira
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
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Cell wall distracting anti-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus compound PVI331 from a marine sponge associated Streptomyces. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Pekmezovic M, Aleksic I, Barac A, Arsic-Arsenijevic V, Vasiljevic B, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Senerovic L. Prevention of polymicrobial biofilms composed of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pathogenic fungi by essential oils from selected Citrus species. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw102. [PMID: 27702795 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed microbial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pathogenic fungi are commonly found in patients with chronic infections and constitute a significant health care burden. The aim of this study was to address the potential polymicrobial antibiofilm activity of pompia and grapefruit essential oils (EOs). The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of EOs was analysed. EOs of pompia and grapefruit inhibited fungal growth with MIC concentrations between 50 and 250 mg L-1, whereas no effect on P. aeruginosa growth was observed. Both citrus EOs inhibited formation of bacterial and fungal monomicrobial biofilms in concentrations of 50 mg L-1 and were efficient in potentiating the activity of clinically used antimicrobials in vitro The concentration of 10 mg L-1 EOs inhibited mixed biofilm formation composed of P. aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus or Scedosporium apiospermum Citrus EOs affected quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa and caused fast permeabilisation of Candida albicans membrane. Pompia and grapefruit EOs potently inhibited biofilm formation and could be used for the control of common polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pekmezovic
- National Reference Medical Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P. O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Barac
- National Reference Medical Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic
- National Reference Medical Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vasiljevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P. O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P. O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Senerovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P. O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
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Bloom-Ackermann Z, Steinberg N, Rosenberg G, Oppenheimer-Shaanan Y, Pollack D, Ely S, Storzi N, Levy A, Kolodkin-Gal I. Toxin-Antitoxin systems eliminate defective cells and preserve symmetry in Bacillus subtilis biofilms. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:5032-5047. [PMID: 27450630 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin modules are gene pairs encoding a toxin and its antitoxin, and are found on the chromosomes of many bacteria, including pathogens. Here, we characterize the specific contribution of the TxpA and YqcG toxins in elimination of defective cells from developing Bacillus subtilis biofilms. On nutrient limitation, defective cells accumulated in the biofilm breaking its symmetry. Deletion of the toxins resulted in accumulation of morphologically abnormal cells, and interfered with the proper development of the multicellular community. Dual physiological responses are of significance for TxpA and YqcG activation: nitrogen deprivation enhances the transcription of both TxpA and YqcG toxins, and simultaneously sensitizes the biofilm cells to their activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that while both toxins when overexpressed affect the morphology of the developing biofilm, the toxin TxpA can act to lyse and dissolve pre-established B. subtilis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Bloom-Ackermann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nitai Steinberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Gili Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | | - Dan Pollack
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Shir Ely
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nimrod Storzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Asaf Levy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Borges A, Abreu AC, Dias C, Saavedra MJ, Borges F, Simões M. New Perspectives on the Use of Phytochemicals as an Emergent Strategy to Control Bacterial Infections Including Biofilms. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070877. [PMID: 27399652 PMCID: PMC6274140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of current infectious diseases are almost untreatable by conventional antibiotic therapy given the advent of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The degree of severity and the persistence of infections are worsened when microorganisms form biofilms. Therefore, efforts are being applied to develop new drugs not as vulnerable as the current ones to bacterial resistance mechanisms, and also able to target bacteria in biofilms. Natural products, especially those obtained from plants, have proven to be outstanding compounds with unique properties, making them perfect candidates for these much-needed therapeutics. This review presents the current knowledge on the potentialities of plant products as antibiotic adjuvants to restore the therapeutic activity of drugs. Further, the difficulties associated with the use of the existing antibiotics in the treatment of biofilm-related infections are described. To counteract the biofilm resistance problems, innovative strategies are suggested based on literature data. Among the proposed strategies, the use of phytochemicals to inhibit or eradicate biofilms is highlighted. An overview on the use of phytochemicals to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling pathways and underlying phenotypes is provided. The use of phytochemicals as chelating agents and efflux pump inhibitors is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Borges
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Abreu
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
| | - Carla Dias
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
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Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 80:91-138. [PMID: 26700108 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00037-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms. Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to these organisms and support critical ecological and biogeochemical functions in the changing marine environment. Microbial surface association also contributes to deleterious effects such as biofouling, biocorrosion, and the persistence and transmission of harmful or pathogenic microorganisms and their genetic determinants. The processes and mechanisms of colonization as well as key players among the surface-associated microbiota have been studied for several decades. Accumulating evidence indicates that specific cell-surface, cell-cell, and interpopulation interactions shape the composition, structure, spatiotemporal dynamics, and functions of surface-associated microbial communities. Several key microbial processes and mechanisms, including (i) surface, population, and community sensing and signaling, (ii) intraspecies and interspecies communication and interaction, and (iii) the regulatory balance between cooperation and competition, have been identified as critical for the microbial surface association lifestyle. In this review, recent progress in the study of marine microbial surface colonization and biofilm development is synthesized and discussed. Major gaps in our knowledge remain. We pose questions for targeted investigation of surface-specific community-level microbial features, answers to which would advance our understanding of surface-associated microbial community ecology and the biogeochemical functions of these communities at levels from molecular mechanistic details through systems biological integration.
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Bucher T, Oppenheimer-Shaanan Y, Savidor A, Bloom-Ackermann Z, Kolodkin-Gal I. Disturbance of the bacterial cell wall specifically interferes with biofilm formation. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:990-1004. [PMID: 26472159 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In nature, bacteria communicate via chemical cues and establish complex communities referred to as biofilms, wherein cells are held together by an extracellular matrix. Much research is focusing on small molecules that manipulate and prevent biofilm assembly by modifying cellular signalling pathways. However, the bacterial cell envelope, presenting the interface between bacterial cells and their surroundings, is largely overlooked. In our study, we identified specific targets within the biosynthesis pathways of the different cell wall components (peptidoglycan, wall teichoic acids and teichuronic acids) hampering biofilm formation and the anchoring of the extracellular matrix with a minimal effect on planktonic growth. In addition, we provide convincing evidence that biofilm hampering by transglycosylation inhibitors and D-Leucine triggers a highly specific response without changing the overall protein levels within the biofilm cells or the overall levels of the extracellular matrix components. The presented results emphasize the central role of the Gram-positive cell wall in biofilm development, resistance and sustainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Bucher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Alon Savidor
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Centre for Personalised Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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43
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Lidor O, Al-Quntar A, Pesci EC, Steinberg D. Mechanistic analysis of a synthetic inhibitor of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasI quorum-sensing signal synthase. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16569. [PMID: 26593271 PMCID: PMC4655403 DOI: 10.1038/srep16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen responsible for many human infections. LasI is an acyl-homoserine lactone synthase that produces a quorum-sensing (QS) signal that positively regulates numerous P. aeruginosa virulence determinants. The inhibition of the LasI protein is therefore an attractive drug target. In this study, a novel in silico to in vitro complementation was applied to screen thiazolidinedione-type compounds for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation at concentrations not affecting bacterial growth. The compound (z)-5-octylidenethiazolidine-2, 4-dione (TZD-C8) was a strong inhibitor of biofilm formation and chosen for further study. Structural exploration of in silico docking predicted that the compound had high affinity for the LasI activity pocket. The TZD-C8 compound was also predicted to create hydrogen bonds with residues Arg30 and Ile107. Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) of these two sites demonstrated that TZD-C8 inhibition was abolished in the lasI double mutant PAO-R30D, I107S. In addition, in vitro swarming motility and quorum sensing signal production were affected by TZD-C 8, confirming this compound alters the cell to cell signalling circuitry. Overall, this novel inhibitor of P. aeruginosa quorum sensing shows great promise and validates our mechanistic approach to discovering inhibitors of LuxI-type acyl-homoserine lactone synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Lidor
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A. Al-Quntar
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E. C. Pesci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, USA
| | - D. Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Bloom-Ackermann Z, Ganin H, Kolodkin-Gal I. Quorum-sensing Cascades Governing Bacterial Multicellular Communities. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lyon P. The cognitive cell: bacterial behavior reconsidered. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:264. [PMID: 25926819 PMCID: PMC4396460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on how bacteria adapt to changing environments underlies the contemporary biological understanding of signal transduction (ST), and ST provides the foundation of the information-processing approach that is the hallmark of the ‘cognitive revolution,’ which began in the mid-20th century. Yet cognitive scientists largely remain oblivious to research into microbial behavior that might provide insights into problems in their own domains, while microbiologists seem equally unaware of the potential importance of their work to understanding cognitive capacities in multicellular organisms, including vertebrates. Evidence in bacteria for capacities encompassed by the concept of cognition is reviewed. Parallels exist not only at the heuristic level of functional analogue, but also at the level of molecular mechanism, evolution and ecology, which is where fruitful cross-fertilization among disciplines might be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lyon
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, School of Medicine, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
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46
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The Matrix Reloaded: Probing the Extracellular Matrix Synchronizes Bacterial Communities. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:2092-2103. [PMID: 25825428 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02516-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to chemical communication, bacterial cells often organize themselves into complex multicellular communities that carry out specialized tasks. These communities are frequently referred to as biofilms, which involve collective behavior of different cell types. Like cells of multicellular eukaryotes, the biofilm cells are surrounded by self-produced polymers that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM), which binds them to each other and to the surface. In multicellular eukaryotes, it has been evident for decades that cell-ECM interactions control multiple cellular processes during development. While cells, both in biofilms and in multicellular eukaryotes, are surrounded by ECM and activate various genetic programs, until recently it has been unclear whether cell-ECM interactions are recruited in bacterial communicative behaviors. In this review, we will describe the examples reported thus far for ECM involvement in control of cell behavior throughout the different stages of biofilm formation. The studies presented in this review provide a newly emerging perspective of the bacterial ECM as an active player in regulation of biofilm development.
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Vandecandelaere I, Coenye T. Microbial composition and antibiotic resistance of biofilms recovered from endotracheal tubes of mechanically ventilated patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 830:137-55. [PMID: 25366226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11038-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In critically ill patients, breathing is impaired and mechanical ventilation, using an endotracheal tube (ET) connected to a ventilator, is necessary. Although mechanical ventilation is a life-saving procedure, it is not without risk. Because of several reasons, a biofilm often forms at the distal end of the ET and this biofilm is a persistent source of bacteria which can infect the lungs, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). There is a link between the microbial flora of ET biofilms and the microorganisms involved in the onset of VAP. Culture dependent and independent techniques were already used to identify the microbial flora of ET biofilms and also, the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms obtained from ET biofilms was determined. The ESKAPE pathogens play a dominant role in the onset of VAP and these organisms were frequently identified in ET biofilms. Also, antibiotic resistant microorganisms were frequently present in ET biofilms. Members of the normal oral flora were also identified in ET biofilms but it is thought that these organisms initiate ET biofilm formation and are not directly involved in the development of VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Vandecandelaere
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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48
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Alexander SA, Kyi C, Schiesser CH. Nitroxides as anti-biofilm compounds for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mixed-culture biofilms. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4751-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of nitroxides was prepared and tested for bacterial biofilm modulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie-Ann Alexander
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Australia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria
| | - Caroline Kyi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Australia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria
| | - Carl H. Schiesser
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Australia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria
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Post DMB, Held JM, Ketterer MR, Phillips NJ, Sahu A, Apicella MA, Gibson BW. Comparative analyses of proteins from Haemophilus influenzae biofilm and planktonic populations using metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:329. [PMID: 25551439 PMCID: PMC4302520 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) is a nasopharyngeal commensal that can become an opportunistic pathogen causing infections such as otitis media, pneumonia, and bronchitis. NTHi is known to form biofilms. Resistance of bacterial biofilms to clearance by host defense mechanisms and antibiotic treatments is well-established. In the current study, we used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to compare the proteomic profiles of NTHi biofilm and planktonic organisms. Duplicate continuous-flow growth chambers containing defined media with either “light” (L) isoleucine or “heavy” (H) 13C6-labeled isoleucine were used to grow planktonic (L) and biofilm (H) samples, respectively. Bacteria were removed from the chambers, mixed based on weight, and protein extracts were generated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed on the tryptic peptides and 814 unique proteins were identified with 99% confidence. Results Comparisons of the NTHi biofilm to planktonic samples demonstrated that 127 proteins showed differential expression with p-values ≤0.05. Pathway analysis demonstrated that proteins involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and purine, pyrimidine, nucleoside, and nucleotide processes showed a general trend of downregulation in the biofilm compared to planktonic organisms. Conversely, proteins involved in transcription, DNA metabolism, and fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism showed a general trend of upregulation under biofilm conditions. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS was used to validate a subset of these proteins; among these were aerobic respiration control protein ArcA, NAD nucleotidase and heme-binding protein A. Conclusions The present proteomic study indicates that the NTHi biofilm exists in a semi-dormant state with decreased energy metabolism and protein synthesis yet is still capable of managing oxidative stress and in acquiring necessary cofactors important for biofilm survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0329-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M B Post
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Jason M Held
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | | | - Nancy J Phillips
- The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Alexandria Sahu
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | | | - Bradford W Gibson
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA. .,The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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50
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Zhurina MV, Gannesen AV, Zdorovenko EL, Plakunov VK. Composition and functions of the extracellular polymer matrix of bacterial biofilms. Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626171406023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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