1
|
Mahmood MA, Ahmed N, Hussain A, Naqvi RZ, Amin I, Mansoor S. Dominance of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan strain associated with third epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13532. [PMID: 38866855 PMCID: PMC11169534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an economically potent crop in many countries including Pakistan, India, and China. For the last three decades, cotton production is under the constant stress of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by begomoviruses/satellites complex that is transmitted through the insect pest, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). In 2018, we identified a highly recombinant strain; Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan (CLCuMuV-Raj), associated with the Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite-Vehari (CLCuMuBVeh). This strain is dominant in cotton-growing hub areas of central Punjab, Pakistan, causing the third epidemic of CLCuD. In the present study, we have explored the CLCuD diversity from central to southern districts of Punjab (Faisalabad, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan) and the major cotton-growing region of Sindh (Tandojam), Pakistan for 2 years (2020-2021). Interestingly, we found same virus (CLCuMuV-Raj) and associated betasatellite (CLCuMuBVeh) strain that was previously reported with the third epidemic in the central Punjab region. Furthermore, we found minor mutations in two genes of CLCuMuV-Raj C4 and C1 in 2020 and 2021 respectively as compared to its isolates in 2018, which exhibited virus evolution. Surprisingly, we did not find these mutations in CLCuMuV-Raj isolates identified from Sindh province. The findings of the current study represent the stability of CLCuMuV-Raj and its spread toward the Sindh province where previously Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and Cotton leaf curl Shahdadpur virus (CLCuShV) have been reported. The findings of the current study demand future research on CLCuD complex to explore the possible reasons for prevalence in the field and how the virus-host-vector compatible interaction can be broken to develop resistant cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Biotechnology and Microbiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Athar Hussain
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences (SFAS), University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahmood MA, Greenwood JR. ZmGLK36 transcription factor bestows viral resistance in rice and wheat. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:613-615. [PMID: 38114353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) threatens the sustainable production of major cereal crops. Recently, Xu et al. reported a new resistance gene, ZmGLK36, which promotes MRDD resistance in maize by increasing jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defence. This discovery provides opportunities to develop resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in other cereal crops such as rice and wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Julian R Greenwood
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iqbal Z, Shafiq M, Ali S, Mahmood MA, Siddiqui HA, Amin I, Briddon RW. qPCR Assay as a Tool for Examining Cotton Resistance to the Virus Complex Causing CLCuD: Yield Loss Inversely Correlates with Betasatellite, Not Virus, DNA Titer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2645. [PMID: 37514259 PMCID: PMC10385359 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a significant constraint to the economies of Pakistan and India. The disease is caused by different begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) in association with a disease-specific betasatellite. However, another satellite-like molecule, alphasatellite, is occasionally found associated with this disease complex. A quantitative real-time PCR assay for the virus/satellite components causing CLCuD was used to investigate the performance of selected cotton varieties in the 2014-2015 National Coordinated Varietal Trials (NCVT) in Pakistan. The DNA levels of virus and satellites in cotton plants were determined for five cotton varieties across three geographic locations and compared with seed cotton yield (SCY) as a measure of the plant performance. The highest virus titer was detected in B-10 (0.972 ng·µg-1) from Vehari and the lowest in B-3 (0.006 ng·µg-1) from Faisalabad. Likewise, the highest alphasatellite titer was found in B-1 (0.055 ng·µg-1) from Vehari and the lowest in B-1 and B-2 (0.001 ng·µg-1) from Faisalabad. The highest betasatellite titer was found in B-23 (1.156 ng·µg-1) from Faisalabad and the lowest in B-12 (0.072 ng·µg-1) from Multan. Virus/satellite DNA levels, symptoms, and SCY were found to be highly variable between the varieties and between the locations. Nevertheless, statistical analysis of the results suggested that betasatellite DNA levels, rather than virus or alphasatellite DNA levels, were the important variable in plant performance, having an inverse relationship with SCY (-0.447). This quantitative assay will be useful in breeding programs for development of virus resistant plants and varietal trials, such as the NCVT, to select suitable varieties of cotton with mild (preferably no) symptoms and low (preferably no) virus/satellite. At present, no such molecular techniques are used in resistance breeding programs or varietal trials in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot P.O. Box 51340, Pakistan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sajed Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot P.O. Box 51340, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Anees Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot P.O. Box 51340, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zwolinski AM, Brigden A, Rey MEC. Differences in the 3' intergenic region and the V2 protein of two sequence variants of tomato curly stunt virus play an important role in disease pathology in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286149. [PMID: 37220127 PMCID: PMC10205009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato production in South Africa is threatened by the emergence of tomato curly stunt virus (ToCSV), a monopartite Begomovirus transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). We investigated the role of sequence differences present in the 3' intergenic region (IR) and the V2 coding region on the differing infectivity of ToCSV sequence variant isolates V30 and V22 in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana. Using virus mutant chimeras, we determined that the development of the upward leaf roll symptom phenotype is mediated by sequence differences present in the 3' IR containing the TATA-associated composite element. Sequence differences present in the V2 coding region are responsible for modulating disease severity and symptom recovery in V22-infected plants. Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27 resulted in a significant increase in disease severity with reduced recovery, the first study to demonstrate the importance of this V2 residue in disease development. Two putative ORFs, C5 and C6, were identified using in silico analysis and detection of an RNA transcript spanning their coding region suggests that these ORFs may be transcribed during infection. Additional virus-derived RNA transcripts spanning multiple ORFs and crossing the boundaries of recognised polycistronic transcripts, as well as the origin of replication within the IR, were detected in ToCSV-infected plants providing evidence of bidirectional readthrough transcription. From our results, we conclude that the diverse responses of the model host to ToCSV infection is influenced by select sequence differences and our findings provide several avenues for further investigation into the mechanisms behind these responses to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Zwolinski
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alison Brigden
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marie E. C. Rey
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahmood MA, Naqvi RZ, Rahman SU, Amin I, Mansoor S. Plant Virus-Derived Vectors for Plant Genome Engineering. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020531. [PMID: 36851743 PMCID: PMC9958682 DOI: 10.3390/v15020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome engineering (GE) tools based on sequence-specific programmable nucleases have revolutionized precise genome editing in plants. However, only the traditional approaches are used to deliver these GE reagents, which mostly rely on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or particle bombardment. These techniques have been successfully used for the past decades for the genetic engineering of plants with some limitations relating to lengthy time-taking protocols and transgenes integration-related regulatory concerns. Nevertheless, in the era of climate change, we require certain faster protocols for developing climate-smart resilient crops through GE to deal with global food security. Therefore, some alternative approaches are needed to robustly deliver the GE reagents. In this case, the plant viral vectors could be an excellent option for the delivery of GE reagents because they are efficient, effective, and precise. Additionally, these are autonomously replicating and considered as natural specialists for transient delivery. In the present review, we have discussed the potential use of these plant viral vectors for the efficient delivery of GE reagents. We have further described the different plant viral vectors, such as DNA and RNA viruses, which have been used as efficient gene targeting systems in model plants, and in other important crops including potato, tomato, wheat, and rice. The achievements gained so far in the use of viral vectors as a carrier for GE reagent delivery are depicted along with the benefits and limitations of each viral vector. Moreover, recent advances have been explored in employing viral vectors for GE and adapting this technology for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ur Rahman
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|