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Guedes RCA, Monteiro JS, de Biase S, de Melo APR, Borba JMC, Diniz CWP, de Carvalho Noya AGAF, Prieto SCG. Effects of early monocular enucleation on cortical spreading depression in well-nourished and malnourished adult rats. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:2241-2247. [PMID: 39034328 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Sensory development is a complex process that can influence physiological and pathological factors. In laterally-eyed mammals, monocular enucleation (ME) during development and the subsequent lack of external sensory stimuli can result in permanent morphological and physiological changes. Malnutrition, especially in early life, also can cause permanent morphofunctional changes due to inadequate nutrient intake in both hemispheres. This study investigated the effects of early (postnatal day 7) ME and malnutrition during the suckling period on cortical excitability in adulthood (110-140 days of life). For this, we compared the speed propagation of cortical spreading depression in the occipital and parietal cortex of malnourished and well-nourished adult rats, previously suckled small-sized litters with three pups (L3/dam) medium-sized litters with six pups (L6/dam), and large-sized litters with twelve pups (L12/dam). The CSD velocity was augmented by the ME in the contralateral side of the removed eye in the parietal and occipital cortex. These findings suggest that visual sensory input deprivation is associated with permanent functional changes in the visual pathways, which can alter cortical excitability and lead to modifications in CSD propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubem Carlos Araujo Guedes
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Jailma Santos Monteiro
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Silvio de Biase
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rocha de Melo
- Center of Health Sciences, Nutrition department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670901, Brazil
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2
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Guedes MR, de Noronha SISR, Chírico MTT, da Costa GDC, de Freitas Castro T, de Brito RCF, Vieira LG, Reis TO, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Carneiro CM, Bezerra FS, Montano N, da Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Chianca-Jr DA, Silva FCDS. Ivabradine restores tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and reduces tachycardia, hypertension and left ventricular inflammation in post-weaning protein malnourished rats. Life Sci 2024; 346:122636. [PMID: 38614307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in autonomic imbalance and heart hypertrophy. Overexpression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in the left ventricles (LV) is linked to hypertrophied hearts and abnormal myocardium automaticity. Given that ivabradine (IVA) has emerging pleiotropic effects, in addition to the widely known bradycardic response, this study evaluated if IVA treatment could repair the autonomic control and cardiac damages in malnourished rats. AIM Assess the impact of IVA on tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and its relationship with hemodynamics regulation, LV inflammation, and HCN gene expression in post-weaning protein malnutrition condition. MAIN METHODS After weaning, male rats were divided into control (CG; 22 % protein) and malnourished (MG; 6 % protein) groups. At 35 days, groups were subdivided into CG-PBS, CG-IVA, MG-PBS and MG-IVA (PBS 1 ml/kg or IVA 1 mg/kg) received during 8 days. We performed jugular vein cannulation and electrode implant for drug delivery and ECG registration to assess tonic cardiovascular autonomic control; femoral cannulation for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) assessment; and LV collection to evaluate ventricular remodeling and HCN gene expression investigation. KEY FINDINGS Malnutrition induced BP and HR increases, sympathetic system dominance, and LV remodeling without affecting HCN gene expression. IVA reversed the cardiovascular autonomic imbalance; prevented hypertension and tachycardia; and inhibited the LV inflammatory process and fiber thickening caused by malnutrition. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ivabradine protects against malnutrition-mediated cardiovascular damage. Moreover, our results propose these effects were not attributed to HCN expression changes, but rather to IVA pleiotropic effects on autonomic control and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis Guedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana Izaura Salyba Rendeiro de Noronha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Dias Carvalho da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gabriel Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thayane Oliveira Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Carlos Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cacilda Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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3
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Laue HE, Bonham KS, Coker MO, Moroishi Y, Pathmasiri W, McRitchie S, Sumner S, Hoen AG, Karagas MR, Klepac-Ceraj V, Madan JC. Prospective association of the infant gut microbiome with social behaviors in the ECHO consortium. Mol Autism 2024; 15:21. [PMID: 38760865 PMCID: PMC11101342 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying modifiable risk factors of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may inform interventions to reduce financial burden. The infant/toddler gut microbiome is one such feature that has been associated with social behaviors, but results vary between cohorts. We aimed to identify consistent overall and sex-specific associations between the early-life gut microbiome and autism-related behaviors. METHODS Utilizing the Environmental influences on Children Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium of United States (U.S.) pediatric cohorts, we gathered data on 304 participants with fecal metagenomic sequencing between 6-weeks to 2-years postpartum (481 samples). ASD-related social development was assessed with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Linear regression, PERMANOVA, and Microbiome Multivariable Association with Linear Models (MaAsLin2) were adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Stratified models estimated sex-specific effects. RESULTS Genes encoding pathways for synthesis of short-chain fatty acids were associated with higher SRS-2 scores, indicative of ASDs. Fecal concentrations of butyrate were also positively associated with ASD-related SRS-2 scores, some of which may be explained by formula use. LIMITATIONS The distribution of age at outcome assessment differed in the cohorts included, potentially limiting comparability between cohorts. Stool sample collection methods also differed between cohorts. Our study population reflects the general U.S. population, and thus includes few participants who met the criteria for being at high risk of developing ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our study is among the first multicenter studies in the U.S. to describe prospective microbiome development from infancy in relation to neurodevelopment associated with ASDs. Our work contributes to clarifying which microbial features associate with subsequent diagnosis of neuropsychiatric outcomes. This will allow for future interventional research targeting the microbiome to change neurodevelopmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kevin S Bonham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Modupe O Coker
- School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yuka Moroishi
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne G Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA.
| | - Juliette C Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, One Medical Center Drive, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
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4
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Zoghi S, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Nikniaz Z, Shirmohamadi M, Moaddab SY, Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H. Gut microbiota and childhood malnutrition: Understanding the link and exploring therapeutic interventions. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300070. [PMID: 38708416 PMCID: PMC11065333 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition is a metabolic condition that affects the physical and mental well-being of children and leads to resultant disorders in maturity. The development of childhood malnutrition is influenced by a number of physiological and environmental factors including metabolic stress, infections, diet, genetic variables, and gut microbiota. The imbalanced gut microbiota is one of the main environmental risk factors that significantly influence host physiology and childhood malnutrition progression. In this review, we have evaluated the gut microbiota association with undernutrition and overnutrition in children, and then the quantitative and qualitative significance of gut dysbiosis in order to reveal the impact of gut microbiota modification using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineering biology methods as new therapeutic challenges in the management of disturbed energy homeostasis. Understanding the host-microbiota interaction and the remote regulation of other organs and pathways by gut microbiota can improve the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches and mitigate the negative consequences of childhood malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Zoghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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5
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Wilbrecht L, Lin WC, Callahan K, Bateson M, Myers K, Ross R. Experimental biology can inform our understanding of food insecurity. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246215. [PMID: 38449329 PMCID: PMC10949070 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Food insecurity is a major public health issue. Millions of households worldwide have intermittent and unpredictable access to food and this experience is associated with greater risk for a host of negative health outcomes. While food insecurity is a contemporary concern, we can understand its effects better if we acknowledge that there are ancient biological programs that evolved to respond to the experience of food scarcity and uncertainty, and they may be particularly sensitive to food insecurity during development. Support for this conjecture comes from common findings in several recent animal studies that have modeled insecurity by manipulating predictability of food access in various ways. Using different experimental paradigms in different species, these studies have shown that experience of insecure access to food can lead to changes in weight, motivation and cognition. Some of these studies account for changes in weight through changes in metabolism, while others observe increases in feeding and motivation to work for food. It has been proposed that weight gain is an adaptive response to the experience of food insecurity as 'insurance' in an uncertain future, while changes in motivation and cognition may reflect strategic adjustments in foraging behavior. Animal studies also offer the opportunity to make in-depth controlled studies of mechanisms and behavior. So far, there is evidence that the experience of food insecurity can impact metabolic efficiency, reproductive capacity and dopamine neuron synapses. Further work on behavior, the central and peripheral nervous system, the gut and liver, along with variation in age of exposure, will be needed to better understand the full body impacts of food insecurity at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wilbrecht
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wan Chen Lin
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kathryn Callahan
- Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore and Einstein, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Melissa Bateson
- Bioscience Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kevin Myers
- Department of Psychology and Programs in Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Rachel Ross
- Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore and Einstein, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10467, USA
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6
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Chen HD, Li L, Yu F, Ma ZS. A comprehensive diversity analysis on the gut microbiomes of ASD patients: from alpha, beta to gamma diversities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae014. [PMID: 38419294 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is estimated to influence as many as 1% children worldwide, but its etiology is still unclear. It has been suggested that gut microbiomes play an important role in regulating abnormal behaviors associated with ASD. A de facto standard analysis on the microbiome-associated diseases has been diversity analysis, and nevertheless, existing studies on ASD-microbiome relationship have not produced a consensus. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the diversity changes associated with ASD involving alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity metrics, based on 8 published data sets consisting of 898 ASD samples and 467 healthy controls (HC) from 16S-rRNA sequencing. Our findings include: (i) In terms of alpha-diversity, in approximately 1/3 of the studies cases, ASD patients exhibited significantly higher alpha-diversity than the HC, which seems to be consistent with the "1/3 conjecture" of diversity-disease relationship (DDR). (ii) In terms of beta-diversity, the AKP (Anna Karenina principle) that predict all healthy microbiomes should be similar, and every diseased microbiome should be dissimilar in its own way seems to be true in approximately 1/2 to 3/4 studies cases. (iii) In terms of gamma-diversity, the DAR (diversity-area relationship) modeling suggests that ASD patients seem to have large diversity-area scaling parameter than the HC, which is consistent with the AKP results. However, the MAD (maximum accrual diversity) and RIP (ratio of individual to population diversity) parameters did not suggest significant differences between ASD patients and HC. Throughout the study, we adopted Hill numbers to measure diversity, which stratified the diversity measures in terms of the rarity-commonness-dominance spectrum. It appears that the differences between ASD patients and HC are more propounding on rare-species side than on dominant-species side. Finally, we discuss the apparent inconsistent diversity-ASD relationships among different case studies and postulate that the relationships are not monotonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Daisy Chen
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fubing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanshan Sam Ma
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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7
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Koren O, Konnikova L, Brodin P, Mysorekar IU, Collado MC. The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:35-45. [PMID: 38097774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development. In this Review, we aim to describe how the maternal microbiome shapes overall pregnancy-associated maternal, fetal and early neonatal immune systems, focusing on the existing evidence and highlighting current gaps to promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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8
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Li L, Liu T, Shi Y. Treatment of preterm brain injury via gut-microbiota-metabolite-brain axis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14556. [PMID: 38108213 PMCID: PMC10805406 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury in preterm infants potentially disrupts critical structural and functional connective networks in the brain. It is a major cause of neurological sequelae and developmental deficits in preterm infants. Interesting findings suggest that the gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites contribute to the programming of the central nervous system (CNS) during developmental stages and may exert structural and functional effects throughout the lifespan. AIM To summarize the existing knowledge of the potential mechanisms related to immune, endocrine, neural, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by GM and its metabolites in neural development and function. METHODS We review the recent literature and included 150 articles to summarize the mechanisms through which GM and their metabolites work on the nervous system. Potential health benefits and challenges of relevant treatments are also discussed. RESULTS This review discusses the direct and indirect ways through which the GM may act on the nervous system. Treatment of preterm brain injury with GM or related derivatives, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal transplants are also included. CONCLUSION This review summarizes mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain axis and novel therapeutic opportunities for neurological sequelae in preterm infants. Optimizing the initial colonization and microbiota development in preterm infants may represent a novel therapy to promote brain development and reduce long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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9
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Kambe J, Usuda K, Inoue R, Hirayama K, Ito M, Suenaga K, Masukado S, Liu H, Miyata S, Li C, Kimura I, Yamamoto Y, Nagaoka K. Hydrogen peroxide in breast milk is crucial for gut microbiota formation and myelin development in neonatal mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359729. [PMID: 38816999 PMCID: PMC11146441 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life environment influences mammalian brain development, a growing area of research within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease framework, necessitating a deeper understanding of early life factors on children's brain development. This study introduces a mouse model, LAO1 knockout mice, to investigate the relationship between breast milk, the gut microbiome, and brain development. The results reveal that breast milk's reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital in shaping the neonatal gut microbiota. Decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in milk disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to abnormal metabolite production, including D-glucaric acid. This metabolite inhibits hippocampal myelin formation during infancy, potentially contributing to behavioral abnormalities observed in adulthood. These findings suggest that H2O2 in breast milk is crucial for normal gut microbiota formation and brain development, with implications for understanding and potentially treating neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kambe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Suenaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sora Masukado
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Wang S, He X, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Pei P, Zhan X, Zhang M, Zhang T. Intergenerational association of gut microbiota and metabolism with perinatal folate metabolism and neural tube defects. iScience 2023; 26:107514. [PMID: 37636040 PMCID: PMC10457452 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of folic acid metabolism during pregnancy lead to fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the mechanisms still require further investigation. Here, we aim to analyze the brain metabolic profiles of 30 NTDs and 30 healthy fetuses. Our results indicated that low-folate diet during early life played a causal role in cerebral metabolism, especially in lipometabolic disturbance, highlighting the importance of folate in modulating brain development and metabolism. Next, we established a mouse model of NTDs. Interestingly, the differential metabolites are mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids both in human and mice fetal brain. Since intestinal microbes could critically regulate neurofunction via the intestinal-brain axis, we further found the abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut of pregnant mice were correlated with the abundances of lipid metabolism related metabolites in the fetal brain. This finding probably reflects the intergenerational microbial-metabolism biomarkers of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xuejia He
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yubing Zeng
- Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Otorhinolaryngologic Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
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12
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The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1451-1465. [PMID: 36732586 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions that affects between 5 and 10% of the general population worldwide. The current symptom criteria restrict the diagnosis to recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits, but the majority of patients also report non-painful abdominal discomfort, associated psychiatric conditions (anxiety and depression), as well as other visceral and somatic pain-related symptoms. For decades, IBS was considered an intestinal motility disorder, and more recently a gut disorder. However, based on an extensive body of reported information about central, peripheral mechanisms and genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of IBS symptoms, a comprehensive disease model of brain-gut-microbiome interactions has emerged, which can explain altered bowel habits, chronic abdominal pain, and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we will first describe novel insights into several key components of brain-gut microbiome interactions, starting with reported alterations in the gut connectome and enteric nervous system, and a list of distinct functional and structural brain signatures, and comparing them to the proposed brain alterations in anxiety disorders. We will then point out the emerging correlations between the brain networks with the genomic, gastrointestinal, immune, and gut microbiome-related parameters. We will incorporate this new information into a systems-based disease model of IBS. Finally, we will discuss the implications of such a model for the improved understanding of the disorder and the development of more effective treatment approaches in the future.
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Risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability in children delivered by caesarean section: A population-based cohort study. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103334. [PMID: 36436450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This population-based study investigated the risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disabilities among children delivered by Cesarean section (CS) in comparison with those who were delivered by vaginal delivery (VD). The Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database from 2004 to 2016 registered 675,718 and 1,208,983 children delivered by CS and by VD, respectively. The results of Cox proportional hazards regression model demonstrated that children delivered by CS had significantly higher risks of ADHD, ASD, and intellectual disability than those delivered by VD after the confounding effects of maternal and child factors were controlled for.
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Petrican R, Paine AL, Escott-Price V, Shelton KH. Overlapping brain correlates of superior cognition among children at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease and/or major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:984. [PMID: 36653486 PMCID: PMC9849214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) tends to accelerate neurobiological ageing, which, in turn, is thought to heighten vulnerability to both major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The two conditions are putatively related, with MDD representing either a risk factor or early symptom of AD. Given the substantial environmental susceptibility of both disorders, timely identification of their neurocognitive markers could facilitate interventions to prevent clinical onset. To this end, we analysed multimodal data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (ages 9-10 years). To disentangle genetic from correlated genetic-environmental influences, while also probing gene-adversity interactions, we compared adoptees, a group generally exposed to substantial ELA, with children raised by their biological families via genetic risk scores (GRS) from genome-wide association studies. AD and MDD GRSs predicted overlapping and widespread neurodevelopmental alterations associated with superior fluid cognition. Specifically, among adoptees only, greater AD GRS were related to accelerated structural maturation (i.e., cortical thinning) and higher MDD GRS were linked to delayed functional neurodevelopment, as reflected in compensatory brain activation on an inhibitory control task. Our study identifies compensatory mechanisms linked to MDD risk and highlights the potential cognitive benefits of accelerated maturation linked to AD vulnerability in late childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Petrican
- Institute of Population Health, Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Amy L Paine
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Katherine H Shelton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315389. [PMID: 36499716 PMCID: PMC9739658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system connect the gut and the brain. In bidirectional communication, the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the gut-brain axis (GBA), wherein microbial metabolites of the gut microbiota regulate intestinal homeostasis, thereby influencing brain activity. Dynamic changes are observed in gut microbiota as well as during brain development. Altering the gut microbiota could serve as a therapeutic target for treating abnormalities associated with brain development. Neurophysiological development and immune regulatory disorders are affected by changes that occur in gut microbiota composition and function. The molecular aspects relevant to the GBA could help develop targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental diseases. Herein, we review the findings of recent studies on the role of the GBA in its underlying molecular mechanisms in the early stages of brain development. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota from mother to infant and the potential signaling pathways and roles of posttranscriptional modifications in brain functions. Our review summarizes the role of molecular GBA in early brain development and related disorders, providing cues for novel therapeutic targets.
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Di Gesù CM, Matz LM, Bolding IJ, Fultz R, Hoffman KL, Marino Gammazza A, Petrosino JF, Buffington SA. Maternal gut microbiota mediate intergenerational effects of high-fat diet on descendant social behavior. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111461. [PMID: 36223744 PMCID: PMC9597666 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We previously showed that maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) in mice induces gut dysbiosis, social dysfunction, and underlying synaptic plasticity deficits in male offspring (F1). Here, we reason that, if HFD-mediated changes in maternal gut microbiota drive offspring social deficits, then MHFD-induced dysbiosis in F1 female MHFD offspring would likewise impair F2 social behavior. Metataxonomic sequencing reveals reduced microbial richness among female F1 MHFD offspring. Despite recovery of microbial richness among MHFD-descendant F2 mice, they display social dysfunction. Post-weaning Limosilactobacillus reuteri treatment increases the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa and rescues MHFD-descendant F2 social deficits. L. reuteri exerts a sexually dimorphic impact on gut microbiota configuration, increasing discriminant taxa between female cohorts. Collectively, these results show multigenerational impacts of HFD-induced dysbiosis in the maternal lineage and highlight the potential of maternal microbiome-targeted interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Di Gesù
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy,Current address: Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,These authors contributed equally
| | - Lisa M. Matz
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ian J. Bolding
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Robert Fultz
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kristi L. Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shelly A. Buffington
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Sealy Center for Microbiome Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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