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Liang JH, Yu H, Xia CP, Zheng YH, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Raza MA, Wu L, Yan H. Ginkgolide B effectively mitigates neuropathic pain by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the induction of mitophagy in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117006. [PMID: 38908197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a pathological state induced by the aberrant generation of pain signals within the nervous system. Ginkgolide B(GB), an active component found of Ginkgo. biloba leaves, has neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to explore the effects of GB on neuropathic pain and its underlying mechanisms. In the in vivo study, we adopted the rat chronic constriction injury model, and the results showed that GB(4 mg/kg) treatment effectively reduced pain sensation in rats and decreased the expressions of Iba-1 (a microglia marker), NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, in the spinal cord 7 days post-surgery. In the in vitro study, we induced microglial inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (500 ng/mL) / adenosine triphosphate (5 mM) and treated it with GB (10, 20, and 40 μM). GB upregulated the expression of mitophagy proteins, such as PINK1, Parkin, LC3 II/I, Tom20, and Beclin1, and decreased the cellular production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, it lowered the expression of inflammation-related proteins, such as Caspase-1, IL-1β, and NLRP3 in microglia. However, this effect was reversed by Parkin shRNA/siRNA or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (5 mM). These findings reveal that GB alleviates neuropathic pain by mitigating neuroinflammation through the activation of PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuan-Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue-Hui Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Geriatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mazhar Ali Raza
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hede Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics (Hand microsurgery), The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Cui X, Liu J, Uniyal A, Xu Q, Zhang C, Zhu G, Yang F, Sivanesan E, Linderoth B, Raja SN, Guan Y. Enhancing spinal cord stimulation-induced pain inhibition by augmenting endogenous adenosine signalling after nerve injury in rats. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:746-757. [PMID: 38310069 PMCID: PMC10925891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to alleviate chronic pain are only partially known. We aimed to elucidate the roles of adenosine A1 and A3 receptors (A1R, A3R) in the inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission by SCS, and further explored whether 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, can potentiate SCS-induced analgesia. METHODS We used RNAscope and immunoblotting to examine the distributions of adora1 and adora3 expression, and levels of A1R and A3R proteins in the spinal cord of rats after tibial-spared nerve injury (SNI-t). Electrophysiology recording was conducted to examine how adenosine receptor antagonists, virus-mediated adora3 knockdown, and dCF affect SCS-induced inhibition of C-fibre-evoked spinal local field potential (C-LFP). RESULTS Adora1 was predominantly expressed in neurones, whereas adora3 is highly expressed in microglial cells in the rat spinal cord. Spinal application of antagonists (100 μl) of A1R (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine [DPCPX], 50 μM) and A3R (MRS1523, 200 nM) augmented C-LFP in SNI-t rats (DPCPX: 1.39 [0.18] vs vehicle: 0.98 [0.05], P=0.046; MRS1523: 1.21 [0.07] vs vehicle: 0.91 [0.03], P=0.002). Both drugs also blocked inhibition of C-LFP by SCS. Conversely, dCF (0.1 mM) enhanced SCS-induced C-LFP inhibition (dCF: 0.60 [0.04] vs vehicle: 0.85 [0.02], P<0.001). In the behaviour study, dCF (100 nmol 15 μl-1, intrathecal) also enhanced inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity by SCS in SNI-t rats. CONCLUSIONS Spinal A1R and A3R signalling can exert tonic suppression and also contribute to SCS-induced inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission after nerve injury. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase may represent a novel adjuvant pharmacotherapy to enhance SCS-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guangwu Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eellan Sivanesan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bengt Linderoth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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