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Zheng Y, Ye J, Li Z, Chen H, Gao Y. Recent progress in sono-photodynamic cancer therapy: From developed new sensitizers to nanotechnology-based efficacy-enhancing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2197-2219. [PMID: 34522584 PMCID: PMC8424231 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many sensitizers have not only photodynamic effects, but also sonodynamic effects. Therefore, the combination of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using sensitizers for sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) provides alternative opportunities for clinical cancer therapy. Although significant advances have been made in synthesizing new sensitizers for SPDT, few of them are successfully applied in clinical settings. The anti-tumor effects of the sensitizers are restricted by the lack of tumor-targeting specificity, incapability in deep intratumoral delivery, and the deteriorating tumor microenvironment. The application of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) can solve the above shortcomings, thereby improving the SPDT efficacy. This review summarizes various sensitizers as sono/photosensitizers that can be further used in SPDT, and describes different strategies for enhancing tumor treatment by NDDSs, such as overcoming biological barriers, improving tumor-targeted delivery and intratumoral delivery, providing stimuli-responsive controlled-release characteristics, stimulating anti-tumor immunity, increasing oxygen supply, employing different therapeutic modalities, and combining diagnosis and treatment. The challenges and prospects for further development of intelligent sensitizers and translational NDDSs for SPDT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jinxiang Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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Navaeipour F, Afsharan H, Tajalli H, Mollabashi M, Ranjbari F, Montaseri A, Rashidi MR. Effects of continuous wave and fractionated diode laser on human fibroblast cancer and dermal normal cells by zinc phthalocyanine in photodynamic therapy: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:456-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Silva EPO, Franchi LP, Tedesco AC. Chloro-aluminium phthalocyanine loaded in ultradeformable liposomes for photobiology studies on human glioblastoma. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an alternative clinical protocol to treat brain tumors in early and advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. P. O. Silva
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia de Tecidos
- Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina
- Faculdade de Filosofia
- Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
| | - L. P. Franchi
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia de Tecidos
- Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina
- Faculdade de Filosofia
- Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
| | - A. C. Tedesco
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia de Tecidos
- Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina
- Faculdade de Filosofia
- Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
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Abramczyk H, Brozek-Pluska B, Surmacki J, Musial J, Kordek R. Oncologic photodynamic diagnosis and therapy: confocal Raman/fluorescence imaging of metal phthalocyanines in human breast cancer tissue in vitro. Analyst 2015; 139:5547-59. [PMID: 25203552 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy and confocal Raman imaging combined with confocal fluorescence were used to study the distribution and aggregation of aluminum tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (AlPcS4) in noncancerous and cancerous breast tissues. The results demonstrate the ability of Raman spectroscopy to distinguish between noncancerous and cancerous human breast tissue and to identify differences in the distribution and aggregation of aluminum phthalocyanine, which is a potential photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT), photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) of cancer. We have observed that the distribution of aluminum tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine confined in cancerous tissue is markedly different from that in noncancerous tissue. We have concluded that Raman imaging can be treated as a new and powerful technique useful in cancer photodynamic therapy, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms and efficiency of photosensitizers by better monitoring localization in cancer cells as well as the clinical assessment of the therapeutic effects of PDT and PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Abramczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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Pizova K, Bajgar R, Fillerova R, Kriegova E, Cenklova V, Langova K, Konecny P, Kolarova H. C-MYC and C-FOS expression changes and cellular aspects of the photodynamic reaction with photosensitizers TMPyP and ClAlPcS2. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 142:186-96. [PMID: 25545333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the tumor-selective accumulation of photosensitizer followed by irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength. After irradiation and in the presence of oxygen, photosensitizer induces cellular damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of two photosensitizers TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 on cell lines to obtain better insight into their mechanisms of action. We determined cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and changes in expression levels of two important early response genes, C-MYC and C-FOS, on tumor MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and G361 (human melanoma) cell lines and non-tumor BJ cell line (human fibroblast) after photodynamic reaction with TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 as photosensitizers. In addition TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 cellular uptake and clearance and antioxidant capacity of the mentioned cell lines were investigated. We found appropriate therapeutic doses and confirmed that both tested photosensitizers are photodynamically efficient in treatment used cells in vitro. TMPyP is more efficient; it had higher ROS production and toxicity after irradiation by intermediate therapeutic doses than ClAlPcS2. We revealed that both TMPyP and ClAlPcS2-PDT increased C-FOS expression on tumor cell lines (G361 and MCF7), but not on non-tumor BJ cell line. Conversely, both TMPyP and ClAlPcS2-PDT decreased C-MYC expression on non-tumor BJ cell line but not on tumor cell lines. As first we tested these photosensitizers in such extent and we believe that it can help to better understand mechanisms of PDT and increase its efficiency and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Pizova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Fillerova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Cenklova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Langova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Konecny
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Siqueira-Moura MP, Primo FL, Espreafico EM, Tedesco AC. Development, characterization, and photocytotoxicity assessment on human melanoma of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine nanocapsules. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1744-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Laranjo M, Serra AC, Abrantes M, Piñeiro M, Gonçalves AC, Casalta-Lopes J, Carvalho L, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Rocha-Gonsalves A, Botelho F. 2-Bromo-5-hydroxyphenylporphyrins for photodynamic therapy: Photosensitization efficiency, subcellular localization and in vivo studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ribeiro APD, Andrade MC, da Silva JDF, Jorge JH, Primo FL, Tedesco AC, Pavarina AC. Photodynamic inactivation of planktonic cultures and biofilms of Candida albicans mediated by aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine entrapped in nanoemulsions. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:111-9. [PMID: 22774873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New drug delivery systems, such as nanoemulsions (NE), have been developed to allow the use of hydrophobic drugs on the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This study evaluated the photodynamic potential of aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) entrapped in cationic and anionic NE to inactivate Candida albicans planktonic cultures and biofilm compared with free ClAlPc. Fungal suspensions were treated with different delivery systems containing ClAlPc and light emitting diode. For planktonic suspensions, colonies were counted and cell metabolism was evaluated by XTT assay. Flow cytometry evaluated cell membrane damage. For biofilms, the metabolic activity was evaluated by XTT and ClAlPc distribution through biofilms was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fungal viability was dependent on the delivery system, superficial charge and light dose. Free ClAlPc caused photokilling of the yeast when combined with 100 J cm(-2). Cationic NE-ClAlPc reduced significantly both colony counts and cell metabolism (P < 0.05). In addition, cationic NE-ClAlPc and free ClAlPc caused significant damage to the cell membrane (P < 0.05). For the biofilms, cationic NE-ClAlPc reduced cell metabolism by 70%. Anionic NE-ClAlPc did not present antifungal activity. CLSM showed different accumulation on biofilms between the delivery systems. Although NE system showed a lower activity for planktonic culture, cationic NE-ClAlPc showed better results for Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Griesbacher A, Pieber TR. Cytotoxity of nanoparticles is influenced by size, proliferation and embryonic origin of the cells used for testing. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:424-39. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.586478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang A, Long L, Zhang C. Synthesis and properties of photo-activable phthalocyanines: a brief overview. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shin JI, Ahn JC, Lee SJ, Park OJ, Chung PS. Hydroxypheophorbide-α-mediated photodynamic therapy augmented by pretreatment with genistein in CaSkicervical cancer cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2009. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for cancer involving three key components — a sensitizing compound (light) tissue, and oxygen. In this study we applied phototreatment to cancer cells with 2 J.cm-2of red light after sensitizing with 9-hydroxypheophorbide-α (9-HpbD-α), a new chlorophyll-derived photosensitizer. We have investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of 9-HpbD-α-induced PDT in cervical cancer cells, the enhancing effect of genistein in PDT, and explored the molecular mechanisms of E6 or E7 oncogenes, apoptotic signaling molecules, and ER stress. Co-treatment downregulated the transcripts of the E6*I, E6*II, and E7 oncogenes. Combined treatment with PDT and genistein showed typical apoptotic features, i.e. apoptotic bodies. To elucidate the mechanism of combination treatment-induced apoptosis, various mediators of apoptosis were investigated. Activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP were distinct after combination treatment. Furthermore, ER stress-related proteins, such as CHOP and GRP78, were activated after combination treatment. We conclude that genistein sensitizes CaSki cells to apoptosis treated with PDT by 9-HpbD-α (0.59 μg/mL) through mechanisms that involve downregulation of the E6*I, E6*II, and E7 oncogenes, activation of caspase-8 or caspase-3, and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-In Shin
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 29-1 Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 29-1 Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea
| | - Ock Jin Park
- Department of Nutrition, Hannam University, 133 Ojeong-dong, Daedeok-Gu, Daejeon 306-791, Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, 29-1 Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea
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Stukavec J, Duchac V, Horak L, Pouckova P. Photodynamic therapy of human colorectal carcinoma cell line. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 27:107-10. [PMID: 18687057 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Europe and North America and it is the most common gastrointestinal carcinoma. The population in the Czech Republic has a higher incidence of colorectal carcinoma compared to other countries. Efforts are underway to develop better screening strategies and novel therapies to improve patient survival rates. Despite all efforts, colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of death from cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established modality for the treatment of various diseases. The PDT procedure involves the administration of a photosensitizer followed by illumination. The anti-tumor effects result from direct killing of malignant cells, shutting down of the tumor's vasculature, and the promotion of an immune response. In our experiment, we examined the effects of phototherapy with disulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine (Al(OH)S2Pc) on the growth of colorectal carcinoma cells, in an effort to offer a new treatment modality for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stukavec
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Surgery, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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