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Development of a sensitive and rapid fluorescence polarization immunoassay for high throughput screening eight glucocorticoids in beef. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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2
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Wiegand C, Hipler UC, Elsner P, Tittelbach J. Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Wound Healing In Vitro Is Repressed by Non-Optimal Conditions but the Reparative Potential Can Be Improved by Water-Filtered Infrared A. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121802. [PMID: 34944618 PMCID: PMC8698951 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a general goal to improve wound healing, especially of chronic wounds. As light therapy has gained increasing attention, the positive influence on healing progression of water-filtered infrared A (wIRA), a special form of thermal radiation, has been investigated and compared to the detrimental effects of UV-B irradiation on wound closure in vitro. Models of keratinocyte and fibroblast scratches help to elucidate effects on epithelial and dermal healing. This study further used the simulation of non-optimal settings such as S. aureus infection, chronic inflammation, and anti-inflammatory conditions to determine how these affect scratch wound progression and whether wIRA treatment can improve healing. Gene expression analysis for cytokines (IL1A, IL6, CXCL8), growth (TGFB1, PDGFC) and transcription factors (NFKB1, TP53), heat shock proteins (HSP90AA1, HSPA1A, HSPD1), keratinocyte desmogleins (DSG1, DSG3), and fibroblast collagen (COL1A1, COL3A1) was performed. Keratinocyte and fibroblast wound healing under non-optimal conditions was found to be distinctly reduced in vitro. wIRA treatment could counteract the inflammatory response in infected keratinocytes as well as under chronic inflammatory conditions by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and improve wound healing. In contrast, in the anti-inflammatory setting, wIRA radiation could re-initiate the acute inflammatory response necessary after injury to stimulate the regenerative processes and advance scratch closure.
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3
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Luo Z, Xue K, Zhang X, Lim JYC, Lai X, Young DJ, Zhang ZX, Wu YL, Loh XJ. Thermogelling chitosan-based polymers for the treatment of oral mucosa ulcers. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1364-1379. [PMID: 31916556 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01754b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for oral mucosa-related ulcers use drugs to relieve pain and promote healing, but rarely consider drug resistance to bacterial infection in the microenvironment of the oral cavity or the prevention of bleeding from gingival mucosa ulcers. We herein report an injectable, thermogelling chitosan-based system to address these concerns. An aqueous solution of chitosan-based conjugates (chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [CS-g-PNIPAAM] including 1a [CS-g-PNIPAAM with less PNIPAAM] and 1b [CS-g-PNIPAAM with more PNIPAAM], and chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-polyacrylamide [CS-g-PNIPAAM-g-PAM] 3) could reversibly form semi-solid gels at physiological temperatures for easy application to oral cavity ulcer sites by injection. The chitosan-based conjugate thermogels prepared could inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the two with higher chitosan and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) contents (1a and 1b) promoted proliferation of gingival fibroblasts in vitro. These two thermogels also exhibited improved blood clotting in an in vivo rat study. Thermogels 1a and 1b effectively promoted ulcer healing and shortened ulcer healing times in an oral gingival mucosa ulcer model using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. These thermogels showed no obvious toxicity to the main organs of SD rats undergoing gingival ulcer treatment. These results suggest that this antibacterial biomaterial could be a promising injectable therapeutic agent for the treatment for oral mucosa ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Bauhammer I, Sacha M, Haltner E. Establishment of an in vitro model of cultured viable human, porcine and canine skin and comparison of different media supplements. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7811. [PMID: 31592353 PMCID: PMC6778665 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery provides several advantages over conventional drug administration, such as the avoidance of first-pass metabolism and better patient compliance. In vitro research can abbreviate and facilitate the pharmaceutical development considerably compared to in vivo research as drug screening and clinical studies can be reduced. These advantages led to the development of corresponding skin models. Viable skin models are more useful than non-viable ones, due to the influence of skin metabolism on the results. While most in vitro studies concentrate on evaluating human-based models, the current study is designed for the investigation of both human and animal diseases. So far, there is little information available in the literature about viable animal skin cultures which are in fact intended for application in the veterinary and not the human field. Hence, the current study aims to fill the gap. For the in vitro viable skin model, specimens of human, porcine and canine skin were cultured over two weeks under serum-free conditions. To evaluate the influence of medium supplementation on skin viability, two different supplement mixtures were compared with basic medium. The skin specimens were maintained at a viability-level >50% until the end of the study. From the tested supplements, the addition of bovine pituitary extract and epidermal growth factor increased skin viability whereas hydrocortisone and insulin induced a decrease. This in vitro viable skin model may be a useful tool for the investigation of skin diseases, especially for the veterinary field.
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Zhang S, Wu ZY, Zhou K, Luo L, Xu ZL. Development of a competitive indirect ELISA for high-throughput screening of hydrocortisone in cosmetic sample. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1608162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, National Nutrition Food Testing Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Yu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Euler T, Valesky EM, Meissner M, Hrgovic I, Kaufmann R, Kippenberger S, Zöller NN. Normal and keloid fibroblasts are differentially influenced by IFN-γ and triamcinolone as well as by their combination. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:450-461. [PMID: 30994217 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing as well as imbalanced cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis and degeneration can cause aberrant scarring. The most severe impacts of such scarring on patients' lives are stigmatization and physical restriction. Although, a broad variety of combinatorial approaches with, e.g., glucocorticoids, chemotherapeutics, and immunomodulators are used, there is still a high recurrence rate of keloids. The aim of this study was to investigate which influence interferon γ (IFN-γ, 1.000-10.000 IU/mL) and/or triamcinolone acetonide (TA, 1 μg/mL) have on proliferation, cell viability, collagen type I synthesis, and cytokine secretion in healthy and keloid fibroblasts. It was shown that mono-treatment with IFN-γ or TA for 2 days induced a severe reduction of the proliferative potential in both cell species. The combinatory treatment (IFN-γ plus TA) of keloid fibroblasts enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of the mono-treatments, whereas no additional anti-proliferative effect was observed in normal fibroblasts. Furthermore, we observed that the combinatory treatment regimen reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), an actin isotype contributing to cell-generated mechanical tension, in keloid fibroblasts. In normal fibroblasts, α-SMA was reduced by the mono-treatment with IFN-γ as well as by the combinatory treatment. The analysis of collagen-type I synthesis revealed that TA did not reduce collagen type I synthesis in normal fibroblasts but in keloid fibroblasts. IFN-γ reduced in both cell species the collagen type I synthesis. The combination of TA and IFN-γ intensified the previously observed collagen type I synthesis reduction in keloid fibroblasts. The herein presented data suggest the combinatory application of IFN-γ and TA as a promising therapy concept for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Euler
- Frankfurt/Main, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Eva M Valesky
- Frankfurt/Main, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Frankfurt/Main, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Igor Hrgovic
- Frankfurt/Main, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Frankfurt/Main, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Frankfurt/Main, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Nadja N Zöller
- Frankfurt/Main, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Germany
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7
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Zöller NN, Hofmann M, Butting M, Hrgovic I, Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Kaufmann R, Kippenberger S, Valesky E. Assessment of Melanogenesis in a Pigmented Human Tissue-Cultured Skin Equivalent. Indian J Dermatol 2019; 64:85-89. [PMID: 30983601 PMCID: PMC6440179 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_410_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Organotypic tissue-cultured skin equivalents are used for a broad range of applications either as possible substitute for animal tests or for transplantation in patient-centered care. Aims: In this study, we implemented melanocytes in a tissue-cultured full-thickness skin equivalent, consisting of epidermis and dermis. The versatility of this skin-like model with respect to pigmentation and morphological criteria was tested. Materials and Methods: Pigmented skin equivalents were morphologically characterized, and melanogenesis was evaluated after treatment with kojic acid – a tyrosinase inhibitor and forskolin – a well-known activator of the cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate pathway. Pigmentation was measured either by determination of the extinction at 400 nm after melanin extraction with KOH correlated to a melanin standard curve or by reflectance colorimetric analysis, monitoring reflectance of 660 nm and 880 nm emitting diodes. Results: The morphological analysis revealed characteristic epidermal stratification with melanocytes located at the basal layer. Stimulation with forskolin increased the pigmentation, whereas treatment with kojic acid caused bleaching. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the herein-introduced organotypic tissue-cultured skin equivalent is comparable to the normal human skin and its versatility in tests regarding skin pigmentation. Therefore, this model might help understand diseases with dysfunctional pigmentation such as melasma, vitiligo, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Nicole Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Butting
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Igor Hrgovic
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - August Bernd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Eva Valesky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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8
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Extrinsic or Intrinsic Apoptosis by Curcumin and Light: Still a Mystery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040905. [PMID: 30791477 PMCID: PMC6412849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin—a rhizomal phytochemical from the plant Curcuma longa—is well known to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce apoptosis in a broad range of cell lines. In previous studies we showed that combining low curcumin concentrations and subsequent ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) or VIS irradiation induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. There is still debate whether curcumin induces apoptosis via the extrinsic or the intrinsic pathway. To address this question, we investigated in three epithelial cell lines (HaCaT, A431, A549) whether the death receptors CD95, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor I and II are involved in apoptosis induced by light and curcumin. Cells were incubated with 0.25–0.5 µg/mL curcumin followed by irradiation with 1 J/cm2 UVA. This treatment was combined with inhibitors specific for distinct membrane-bound death receptors. After 24 h apoptosis induction was monitored by quantitative determination of cytoplasmic histone-associated-DNA-fragments. Validation of our test system showed that apoptosis induced by CH11 and TNF-α could be completely inhibited by their respective antagonists. Interestingly, apoptosis induced by curcumin/light treatment was reversed by none of the herein examined death receptor antagonists. These results indicate a mechanism of action independent from classical death receptors speaking for intrinsic activation of apoptosis. It could be speculated that a shift in cellular redox balance might prompt the pro-apoptotic processes.
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Zhuo F, Abourehab MA, Hussain Z. Hyaluronic acid decorated tacrolimus-loaded nanoparticles: Efficient approach to maximize dermal targeting and anti-dermatitis efficacy. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:478-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Long WJ, Wu HL, Wang T, Xie LX, Hu Y, Fang H, Cheng L, Ding YJ, Yu RQ. Chemometrics-assisted liquid chromatography with full scan mass spectrometry for the interference-free determination of glucocorticoids illegally added to face masks. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3527-3537. [PMID: 29882319 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Huan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
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11
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Simultaneous determination of steroid drugs in the ointment via magnetic solid phase extraction followed by HPLC-UV. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:250-257. [PMID: 30140489 PMCID: PMC6104151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with core-shell were produced by deposition of a Cu shell on Fe3O4 NPs through reduction of Cu2+ ions in solution using NaBH4. Subsequently, the organosulfur compound, bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-dithiophosphinic acid (b-TMP-DTPA), was used to form self-assembled monolayer in order to modify sorbent's surface via covalent bonding between Cu and thiol (–SH) terminal groups. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Then, the application of this new sorbent was investigated to extract the steroid drugs in ointment samples with the aid of ultrasound. An external magnetic field was applied to collect the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The extracted analytes were desorbed using acetonitrile. The obtained extraction solution was analyzed by HPLC-UV. The main affecting factors on the extraction efficiency including pH, sonication time, amount of sorbent, salt concentration, and desorption conditions were optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range of 2.5–250.0 µg/ L with reasonable linearity (R2 > 0.99) and the limits of detection (LODs) ranged between 0.5 and 1.0 µg/L (based on S/N = 3). Repeatability (intra-day precision) based on five replicates and preconcentration factors were calculated to be 3.6%–4.7% and 87–116, respectively. Relative recoveries in ointment samples at two spiked levels of the target analytes were obtained in the range of 90.0%–103.2%. The results illustrated that the Fe3O4@Cu@ b-TMP-DTPA NPs have the capability of extraction of steroid drugs from ointment samples.
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12
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Strüver K, Friess W, Hedtrich S. Development of a Perfusion Platform for Dynamic Cultivation of in vitro Skin Models. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000476071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Giaccone V, Polizzotto G, Macaluso A, Cammilleri G, Ferrantelli V. Determination of Ten Corticosteroids in Illegal Cosmetic Products by a Simple, Rapid, and High-Performance LC-MS/MS Method. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:3531649. [PMID: 28293261 PMCID: PMC5331168 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3531649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our present work was the development of a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-ESI-MS/MS) for the determination of several corticosteroids in cosmetic products. Corticosteroids are suspected to be illegally added in cosmetic preparations in order to enhance the curative effect against some skin diseases. Sample preparation step consists in a single extraction with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation and filtration. The compounds were separated by reversed-phase chromatography with water and acetonitrile (both with 0.1% formic acid) gradient elution and detected by ESI-MS positive and negative ionization mode. The method was validated at the validation level of 0.1 mg kg-1. Linearity was studied in the 5-250 μg L-1 range and linear coefficients (r2) were all over 0.99. The accuracy and precision of the method were satisfactory. The LOD ranged from 0.085 to 0.109 mg kg-1 and the LOQ from 0.102 to 0.121 mg kg-1. Mean recoveries for all the analytes were within the range 91.9-99.2%. The developed method is sensitive and useful for detection, quantification, and confirmation of these corticosteroids in cosmetic preparations and can be applied in the analysis of the suspected samples under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Giaccone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Polizzotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Löwenau LJ, Zoschke C, Brodwolf R, Volz P, Hausmann C, Wattanapitayakul S, Boreham A, Alexiev U, Schäfer-Korting M. Increased permeability of reconstructed human epidermis from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 116:149-154. [PMID: 28034807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrinsic (photo) aging accelerates chronologically aging in the skin due to cumulative UV irradiation. Despite recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of fibroblast aging, age-related changes of the skin barrier function have been understudied. In contrast, the constantly increasing subpopulation of aged patients causes a clinical need for effective and safe (dermatological) treatment. Herein, we reconstructed human epidermis from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes (UVB-RHE). UVB-irradiated keratinocytes show higher activity of senescence associated β-galactosidase, less cell proliferation, and reduced viability. Higher amounts of β-galactosidase are also detectable in UVB-RHE. Moreover, UVB-RHE release more interleukin-1α and -8 into the culture medium and present altered differentiation with a thinner stratum corneum compared to normal RHE. For the first time, the permeation of testosterone and caffeine through UVB-irradiated RHE indicate a clear influence of the UVB stress on the skin barrier function. Impaired barrier function was confirmed by the increased permeation of testosterone and caffeine as well as by the increased penetration of dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers into the constructs. Taken together, UVB-RHE emulate hallmarks of skin aging and might contribute to an improved non-clinical development of medicinal or cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Julia Löwenau
- Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hausmann
- Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Suvara Wattanapitayakul
- Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Boreham
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Nikfarjam F, Beyer K, König A, Hofmann M, Butting M, Valesky E, Kippenberger S, Kaufmann R, Heidemann D, Bernd A, Zöller NN. Influence of Biodentine® - A Dentine Substitute - On Collagen Type I Synthesis in Pulp Fibroblasts In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167633. [PMID: 27936042 PMCID: PMC5147936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving a patient’s own teeth—even in a difficult situation—is nowadays preferable to surgical intervention and therefore promotes development of suitable dental repair materials. Biodentine®, a mineral trioxide aggregate substitute, has been used to replace dentine in a bioactive and biocompatible manner in both the dental crown and the root. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of Biodentine® on pulp fibroblasts in vitro. For this study, one to five Biodentine® discs with a diameter of 5.1mm were incubated in DMEM. To obtain Biodentine® suspensions the media were collected and replaced with fresh medium every 24h for 4 days. Primary pulp cells were isolated from freshly extracted wisdom teeth of 20–23 year old patients and incubated with the Biodentine® suspensions. Proliferation, cell morphology, cell integrity and cell viability were monitored. To evaluate the effect of Biodentine® on collagen type I synthesis, the secretion of the N-terminal domain of pro-collagen type I (P1NP) and the release of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were quantified. None of the Biodentine® suspensions tested influenced cell morphology, proliferation or cell integrity. The cell viability varied slightly depending on the suspension used. However, the concentrations of P1NP of all pulp fibroblast cultures treated for 24h with the moderate to high Biodentine® concentration containing suspensions of day 1 were reduced to 5% of the control. Furthermore, a significant TGF-β1 reduction was observed after treatment with these suspensions. It could be shown that Biodentine® is biocompatible. However, dissolved particles of the moderate to high concentrated Biodentine® suspensions 24h after mixing induce a significant reduction of TGF-β1 release and reduce the secretion of collagen type I of primary pulp fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frangis Nikfarjam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Kim Beyer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anke König
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Butting
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Eva Valesky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Detlef Heidemann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - August Bernd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Nicole Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zöller N, König A, Butting M, Kaufmann R, Bernd A, Valesky E, Kippenberger S. Water-filtered near-infrared influences collagen synthesis of keloid-fibroblasts in contrast to normal foreskin fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Terao M, Katayama I. Local cortisol/corticosterone activation in skin physiology and pathology. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:11-16. [PMID: 27431412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol and corticosterone are the endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) in humans and rodents, respectively. Systemic GC is released through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to various stressors. Over the last decade, extra-adrenal production/activation of cortisol/corticosterone has been reported in many tissues. The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hormonally inactive cortisone/11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC) into active cortisol/corticosterone in cells is 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). The 11β-HSD1 isoform is predominantly a reductase, which catalyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen-dependent conversion of cortisone/11-DHC to cortisol/corticosterone, and is widely expressed and present at the highest levels in the liver, lungs, adipose tissues, ovaries, and central nervous system. The 11β-HSD2 isoform, which catalyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent inactivation of cortisol/corticosterone to cortisone/11-DHC, is highly expressed in distal nephrons, the colon, sweat glands, and the placenta. In healthy skin, 11β-HSD1 is expressed in the epidermis and in dermal fibroblasts. On the other hand, 11β-HSD2 is expressed in sweat glands but not in the epidermis. The role of 11β-HSD in skin physiology and pathology has been reported recently. In this review, we summarize the recently reported role of 11β-HSD in the skin, focusing on its function in cell proliferation, wound healing, inflammation, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Terao
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Hönzke S, Gerecke C, Elpelt A, Zhang N, Unbehauen M, Kral V, Fleige E, Paulus F, Haag R, Schäfer-Korting M, Kleuser B, Hedtrich S. Tailored dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers for efficient dermal drug delivery: A systematic top-down approach from synthesis to preclinical testing. J Control Release 2016; 242:50-63. [PMID: 27349353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug loaded dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers are of especial interest for the treatment of skin diseases, owing to their striking dermal delivery efficiencies following topical applications. CMS nanocarriers are composed of a polyglycerol core, connected by amide-bonds to an inner alkyl shell and an outer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) shell. Since topically applied nanocarriers are subjected to biodegradation, the application of conventional amide-based CMS nanocarriers (10-A-18-350) has been limited by the potential production of toxic polyglycerol amines. To circumvent this issue, three tailored ester-based CMS nanocarriers (10-E-12-350, 10-E-15-350, 10-E-18-350) of varying inner alkyl chain length were synthesized and comprehensively characterized in terms of particle size, drug loading, biodegradation and dermal drug delivery efficiency. Dexamethasone (DXM), a potent drug widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, was chosen as a therapeutically relevant test compound for the present study. Ester- and amide-based CMS nanocarriers delivered DXM more efficiently into human skin than a commercially available DXM cream. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies identified CMS (10-E-15-350) as the most biocompatible carrier system. The anti-inflammatory potency of DXM-loaded CMS (10-E-15-350) nanocarriers was assessed in TNFα supplemented skin models, where a significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 was seen, with markedly greater efficacy than commercial DXM cream. In summary, we report the rational design and characterization of tailored, biodegradable, ester-based CMS nanocarriers, and their subsequent stepwise screening for biocompatibility, dermal delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy in a top-down approach yielding the best carrier system for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hönzke
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gerecke
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anja Elpelt
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivian Kral
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Florian Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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Tiganescu A, Hupe M, Jiang YJ, Celli A, Uchida Y, Mauro TM, Bikle DD, Elias PM, Holleran WM. UVB induces epidermal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in vivo. Exp Dermatol 2016; 24:370-6. [PMID: 25739654 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Detrimental consequences of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in skin include photoageing, immunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis, processes also significantly regulated by local glucocorticoid (GC) availability. In man, the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) generates the active GC cortisol from cortisone (or corticosterone from 11-dehydrocorticosterone in rodents). 11β-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity requires the cofactor NADPH, generated by hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. We previously demonstrated increased 11β-HSD1 levels in skin obtained from photoexposed versus photoprotected anatomical regions. However, the direct effect of UVR on 11β-HSD1 expression remains to be elucidated. To investigate the cutaneous regulation of 11β-HSD1 following UVR in vivo, the dorsal skin of female SKH1 mice was irradiated with 50, 100, 200 and 400 mJ/cm(2) UVB. Measurement of transepidermal water loss, 11β-HSD1 activity, mRNA/protein expression and histological studies was taken at 1, 3 and 7 days postexposure. 11β-HSD1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA expression peaked 1 day postexposure to 400 mJ/cm(2) UVB before subsequently declining (days 3 and 7). Corresponding increases in 11β-HSD1 protein and enzyme activity were observed 3 days postexposure coinciding with reduced GC receptor mRNA expression. Immunofluorescence studies revealed 11β-HSD1 localization to hyperproliferative epidermal keratinocytes in UVB-exposed skin. 11β-HSD1 expression and activity were also induced by 200 and 100 (but not 50) mJ/cm(2) UVB and correlated with increased transepidermal water loss (indicative of barrier disruption). UVB-induced 11β-HSD1 activation represents a novel mechanism that may contribute to the regulation of cutaneous responses to UVR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tiganescu
- Department of Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Golinski P, Menke H, Hofmann M, Valesky E, Butting M, Kippenberger S, Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Kaufmann R, Zoeller NN. Development and Characterization of an Engraftable Tissue-Cultured Skin Autograft: Alternative Treatment for Severe Electrical Injuries. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:227-39. [PMID: 26303436 DOI: 10.1159/000433519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Optimizing the treatment regimens of extensive or nonhealing defects is a constant challenge. Tissue-cultured skin autografts may be an alternative to mesh grafts and keratinocyte suspensions that are applied during surgical defect coverage. METHODS Autologous epidermal and dermal cells were isolated, in vitro expanded and seeded on collagen-elastin scaffolds. The developed autograft was immunohistochemically and electron microscopically characterized. Subsequently, it was transplanted onto lesions of a severely burned patient. RESULTS Comparability of the skin equivalent to healthy human skin could be shown due to the epidermal strata, differentiation, proliferation markers and development of characteristics of a functional basal lamina. Approximately 2 weeks after skin equivalent transplantation the emerging new skin correlated closely to the adjacent normal skin. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the comparability of the developed organotypic skin equivalent to healthy human skin and its versatility for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Golinski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kippenberger S, Zöller N, Kleemann J, Müller J, Kaufmann R, Hofmann M, Bernd A, Meissner M, Valesky E. STAT6-Dependent Collagen Synthesis in Human Fibroblasts Is Induced by Bovine Milk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131783. [PMID: 26134630 PMCID: PMC4489876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the domestication of the urus, 10.000 years ago, mankind utilizes bovine milk for different purposes. Besides usage as a nutrient also the external application of milk on skin has a long tradition going back to at least the ancient Aegypt with Cleopatra VII as a great exponent. In order to test whether milk has impact on skin physiology, cultures of human skin fibroblasts were exposed to commercial bovine milk. Our data show significant induction of proliferation by milk (max. 2,3-fold, EC50: 2,5% milk) without toxic effects. Surprisingly, bovine milk was identified as strong inducer of collagen 1A1 synthesis at both, the protein (4-fold, EC50: 0,09% milk) and promoter level. Regarding the underlying molecular pathways, we show functional activation of STAT6 in a p44/42 and p38-dependent manner. More upstream, we identified IGF-1 and insulin as key factors responsible for milk-induced collagen synthesis. These findings show that bovine milk contains bioactive molecules that act on human skin cells. Therefore, it is tempting to test the herein introduced concept in treatment of atrophic skin conditions induced e.g. by UV light or corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleemann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jutta Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - August Bernd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Eva Valesky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Topical Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Limits Glucocorticoid-Induced Epidermal Atrophy in Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1781-1789. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hussain Z, Katas H, Mohd Amin MCI, Kumolosasi E. Efficient immuno-modulation of TH1/TH2 biomarkers in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis: nanocarrier-mediated transcutaneous co-delivery of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113143. [PMID: 25396426 PMCID: PMC4232601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the immuno-modulatory and histological stabilization effects of nanocarrier-based transcutaneous co-delivery of hydrocortisone (HC) and hydroxytyrosol (HT). In this investigation, the clinical and pharmacological efficacies of nanoparticle (NP)-based formulation to alleviate 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) was explored by using an NC/Nga mouse model. Ex vivo visual examination of AD induction in experimental mice indicated remarkable control of NP-based formulations in reducing pathological severity of AD-like skin lesions. Therapeutic effectiveness of NP-based formulations was also evaluated by comparing skin thickness of AD-induced NP-treated mice (456±27 µm) with that of atopic mice (916±37 µm). Analysis of the immuno-spectrum of AD also revealed the dominance of NP-based formulations in restraining immunoglobulin-E (IgE), histamine, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGF-α), and T-helper cells (TH1/TH2) producing cytokines in serum and skin biopsies of tested mice. These anti-AD data were further supported by histological findings that revealed alleviated pathological features, including collagen fiber deposition, fibroblasts infiltration, and fragmentation of elastic fibers in experimental mice. Thus, NP-mediated transcutaneous co-delivery of HC and HT can be considered as a promising therapy for managing immunological and histological spectra associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hussain Z, Katas H, Mohd Amin MCI, Kumolosasi E, Sahudin S. Downregulation of immunological mediators in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by hydrocortisone-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5143-56. [PMID: 25395851 PMCID: PMC4227626 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s71543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, noncontiguous, and exudative disorder accompanied by perivascular infiltration of immune mediators, including T-helper (Type 1 helper/Type 2 helper) cells, mast cells, and immunoglobulin E. The current study explores the immunomodulatory and histological effects of nanoparticle (NP)-based transcutaneous delivery of hydrocortisone (HC). Methods In this study, HC, the least potent topical glucocorticoid, was administered transcutaneously as chitosan NPs. The pharmacological and immunological effects of the NP-based HC delivery on the alleviation of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions were evaluated using the NC/Nga mouse model. Results In vivo Dino-Lite® microscopic assessment revealed that the NP-based formulation displayed a remarkable ability to reduce the severity of the pathological features of AD (dermatitis index, 3.0). The AD suppressive activity of the NP-based topical formulation was expected owing to the interruption of a series of immunopathological events, including the production of immunoglobulin E, release of histamine, and expression of prostaglandin-E2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-α in the sera and skin of the tested animals. Analysis of the cytokine expression in AD-like skin lesions further revealed that the NP-based formulation inhibited the pathological expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-12p70, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and skin homogenates of NC/Nga mice. Further, our histological findings indicated that the NP-based formulation inhibited fibroblast infiltration and fragmentation of elastic fibers, further supporting the clinical importance of these formulations in maintaining the integrity of elastic connective tissues. Conclusion The current investigation suggests that NP-mediated transcutaneous delivery of HC could be considered an effective therapeutic approach to manage dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shariza Sahudin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Schoepe S, Schäcke H, Asadullah K. Test systems for the determination of glucocorticoid receptor ligand induced skin atrophy. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/derm.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zöller N, Valesky E, Butting M, Hofmann M, Kippenberger S, Bereiter-Hahn J, Bernd A, Kaufmann R. Clinical application of a tissue-cultured skin autograft: an alternative for the treatment of non-healing or slowly healing wounds? Dermatology 2014; 229:190-8. [PMID: 25227494 DOI: 10.1159/000362927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment regime of non-healing or slowly healing wounds is constantly improving. One aspect is surgical defect coverage whereby mesh grafts and keratinocyte suspension are applied. OBJECTIVE Tissue-cultured skin autografts may be an alternative for the treatment of full-thickness wounds and wounds that cover large areas of the body surface. METHODS Autologous epidermal and dermal cells were isolated, expanded in vitro and seeded on collagen-elastin scaffolds. The developed autograft was immunohistochemically characterized and subsequently transplanted onto a facial chronic ulceration of a 71-year-old patient with vulnerable atrophic skin. RESULTS Characterization of the skin equivalent revealed comparability to healthy human skin due to the epidermal strata, differentiation and proliferation markers. Within 138 days, the skin structure at the transplantation site closely correlated with the adjacent undisturbed skin. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the comparability of the developed organotypic skin equivalent to healthy human skin and the versatility for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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27
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Norsgaard H, Kurdykowski S, Descargues P, Gonzalez T, Marstrand T, Dünstl G, Røpke M. Calcipotriol counteracts betamethasone-induced decrease in extracellular matrix components related to skin atrophy. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:719-29. [PMID: 25027750 PMCID: PMC4168021 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate fixed-combination gel is widely used for topical treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. It has been hypothesized that calcipotriol counteracts glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy which is associated with changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). To elucidate the combined effects of calcipotriol and betamethasone on key ECM components, a comparative study to the respective mono-treatments was carried out. The effect on collagen I synthesis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, and hyaluronic acid (HA) production was investigated in primary human fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures as well as in a human skin explant model. We show that calcipotriol counteracts betamethasone-induced suppression of collagen I synthesis. Similarly, calcipotriol and betamethasone have opposing effects on MMP expression in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Moreover, calcipotriol is able to restore betamethasone-impaired HA synthesis in keratinocytes and prevent betamethasone-induced epidermal thinning in minipigs upon treatment with the calcipotriol/betamethasone gel. In summary, our results show for the first time in primary human skin cultures that calcipotriol reduces early signs of betamethasone-induced skin atrophy by modulation of key ECM components. These results indicate that the calcipotriol component of the fixed-combination gel counteracts the atrophogenic effects of betamethasone on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Norsgaard
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, Denmark,
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Alépée N, Bahinski A, Daneshian M, De Wever B, Fritsche E, Goldberg A, Hansmann J, Hartung T, Haycock J, Hogberg H, Hoelting L, Kelm JM, Kadereit S, McVey E, Landsiedel R, Leist M, Lübberstedt M, Noor F, Pellevoisin C, Petersohn D, Pfannenbecker U, Reisinger K, Ramirez T, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Schäfer-Korting M, Zeilinger K, Zurich MG. State-of-the-art of 3D cultures (organs-on-a-chip) in safety testing and pathophysiology. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2014. [PMID: 25027500 DOI: 10.14573/altex1406111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major functions of an organ or organ system. This implies in many cases that more than one cell type forms the 3D structure, and often matrix elements play an important role. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning commonalities of the different models. For instance, the theory of mass transport/metabolite exchange in 3D systems and the special analytical requirements for test endpoints in organotypic cultures are discussed in detail. In the next part, 3D model systems for selected organs--liver, lung, skin, brain--are presented and characterized in dedicated chapters. Also, 3D approaches to the modeling of tumors are presented and discussed. All chapters give a historical background, illustrate the large variety of approaches, and highlight up- and downsides as well as specific requirements. Moreover, they refer to the application in disease modeling, drug discovery and safety assessment. Finally, consensus recommendations indicate a roadmap for the successful implementation of 3D models in routine screening. It is expected that the use of such models will accelerate progress by reducing error rates and wrong predictions from compound testing.
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Pang S, Wu H, Wang Q, Cai M, Shi W, Shang J. Chronic stress suppresses the expression of cutaneous hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis elements and melanogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98283. [PMID: 24854026 PMCID: PMC4031121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress can affect skin function, and some skin diseases might be triggered or aggravated by stress. Stress can activate the central hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis, which causes glucocorticoid levels to increase. The skin has HPA axis elements that react to environmental stressors to regulate skin functions, such as melanogenesis. This study explores the mechanism whereby chronic stress affects skin pigmentation, focusing on the HPA axis, and investigates the role of glucocorticoids in this pathway. We exposed C57BL/6 male mice to two types of chronic stress, chronic restraint stress (CRS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Mice subjected to either stress condition showed reduced melanogenesis. Interestingly, CRS and CUMS triggered reductions in the mRNA expression levels of key factors involved in the HPA axis in the skin. In mice administered corticosterone, decreased melanin synthesis and reduced expression of HPA axis elements were observed. The reduced expression of HPA axis elements and melanogenesis in the skin of stressed mice were reversed by RU486 (a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) treatment. Glucocorticoids had no significant inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in vitro. These results suggest that, high levels of serum corticosterone induced by chronic stress can reduce the expression of elements of the skin HPA axis by glucocorticoid-dependent negative feedback. These activities can eventually result in decreased skin pigmentation. Our findings raise the possibility that chronic stress could be a risk factor for depigmentation by disrupting the cutaneous HPA axis and should prompt dermatologists to exercise more caution when using glucocorticoids for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Pang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huali Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxuan Cai
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Shanghai First People Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Fiori J, Andrisano V. LC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of six glucocorticoids in pharmaceutical formulations and counterfeit cosmetic products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 91:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Alépée N, Bahinski A, Daneshian M, De Wever B, Fritsche E, Goldberg A, Hansmann J, Hartung T, Haycock J, Hogberg HT, Hoelting L, Kelm JM, Kadereit S, McVey E, Landsiedel R, Leist M, Lübberstedt M, Noor F, Pellevoisin C, Petersohn D, Pfannenbecker U, Reisinger K, Ramirez T, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Schäfer-Korting M, Zeilinger K, Zurich MG. State-of-the-art of 3D cultures (organs-on-a-chip) in safety testing and pathophysiology. ALTEX 2014; 31:441-77. [PMID: 25027500 PMCID: PMC4783151 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1406111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major functions of an organ or organ system. This implies in many cases that more than one cell type forms the 3D structure, and often matrix elements play an important role. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning commonalities of the different models. For instance, the theory of mass transport/metabolite exchange in 3D systems and the special analytical requirements for test endpoints in organotypic cultures are discussed in detail. In the next part, 3D model systems for selected organs--liver, lung, skin, brain--are presented and characterized in dedicated chapters. Also, 3D approaches to the modeling of tumors are presented and discussed. All chapters give a historical background, illustrate the large variety of approaches, and highlight up- and downsides as well as specific requirements. Moreover, they refer to the application in disease modeling, drug discovery and safety assessment. Finally, consensus recommendations indicate a roadmap for the successful implementation of 3D models in routine screening. It is expected that the use of such models will accelerate progress by reducing error rates and wrong predictions from compound testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Bahinski
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Mardas Daneshian
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alan Goldberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - John Haycock
- Department of Materials Science of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helena T. Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Lisa Hoelting
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of in vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Suzanne Kadereit
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of in vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Emily McVey
- Board for the Authorization of Plant Protection Products and Biocides, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Leist
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of in vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marc Lübberstedt
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fozia Noor
- Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Tzutzuy Ramirez
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute for Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Gabriele Zurich
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bätz FM, Klipper W, Korting HC, Henkler F, Landsiedel R, Luch A, von Fritschen U, Weindl G, Schäfer-Korting M. Esterase activity in excised and reconstructed human skin – Biotransformation of prednicarbate and the model dye fluorescein diacetate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles for percutaneous co-delivery of hydrocortisone/hydroxytyrosol: An ex vivo and in vivo study using an NC/Nga mouse model. Int J Pharm 2013; 444:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hussain Z, Katas H, Amin MCIM, Kumulosasi E, Sahudin S. Antidermatitic perspective of hydrocortisone as chitosan nanocarriers: an ex vivo and in vivo assessment using an NC/Nga mouse model. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1063-75. [PMID: 23303620 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study to administer hydrocortisone (HC) percutaneously in the form of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to alleviate its transcutaneous absorption, and to derive additional wound-healing benefits of chitosan. HC-loaded NPs had varied particle sizes, zeta potentials, and entrapment efficiencies, when drug-to-polymer mass ratios increased from 1:1 to 1:8. Ex vivo permeation analysis showed that the nanoparticulate formulation of HC significantly reduced corresponding flux [∼24 µg/(cm(2) h)] and permeation coefficient (∼4.8 × 10(-3) cm/h) of HC across the full thickness NC/Nga mouse skin. The nanoparticulate formulation also exhibited a higher epidermal (1610 ± 42 µg/g of skin) and dermal (910 ± 46 µg/g of skin) accumulation of HC than those associated with control groups. An in vivo assessment using an NC/Nga mouse model further revealed that mice treated with the nanoparticulate system efficiently controlled transepidermal water loss [15 ± 2 g/(m(2) h)], erythema intensity (232 ± 12), dermatitis index (mild), and thickness of skin (456 ± 27 µm). Taken together, histopathological examination predicted that the nanoparticulate system showed a proficient anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity against atopic dermatitic (AD) lesions. Our results strongly suggest that HC-loaded NPs have promising potential for topical/transdermal delivery of glucocorticoids in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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35
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Nam YS, Kwon IK, Lee Y, Lee KB. Quantitative monitoring of corticosteroids in cosmetic products manufactured in Korea using LC–MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 220:e23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fontana M, Rezer J, Coradini K, Leal D, Beck R. Improved efficacy in the treatment of contact dermatitis in rats by a dermatological nanomedicine containing clobetasol propionate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:241-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Terao M, Murota H, Kimura A, Kato A, Ishikawa A, Igawa K, Miyoshi E, Katayama I. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 is a novel regulator of skin homeostasis and a candidate target for promoting tissue repair. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25039. [PMID: 21949844 PMCID: PMC3176795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyzes the interconversion of cortisone and cortisol within the endoplasmic reticulum. 11β-HSD1 is expressed widely, most notably in the liver, adipose tissue, and central nervous system. It has been studied intensely over the last 10 years because its activity is reported to be increased in visceral adipose tissue of obese people. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts also express 11β-HSD1. However, the function of the enzymatic activity 11β-HSD1 in skin is not known. We found that 11β-HSD1 was expressed in human and murine epidermis, and this expression increased as keratinocytes differentiate. The expression of 11β-HSD1 by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) was increased by starvation or calcium-induced differentiation in vitro. A selective inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 promoted proliferation of NHEKs and normal human dermal fibroblasts, but did not alter the differentiation of NHEKs. Topical application of selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor to the dorsal skin of hairless mice caused proliferation of keratinocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that 11β-HSD1 is involved in tissue remodeling of the skin. This hypothesis was further supported by the observation that topical application of the selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor enhanced cutaneous wound healing in C57BL/6 mice and ob/ob mice. Collectively, we conclude that 11β-HSD1 is negatively regulating the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and cutaneous wound healing. Hence, 11β-HSD1 might maintain skin homeostasis by regulating the proliferation of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Thus 11β-HSD1 is a novel candidate target for the design of skin disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Terao
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Weindl G, Castello F, Schäfer-Korting M. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and atrophogenic effects of glucocorticoids on reconstructed human skin. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 39:173-87. [PMID: 21639680 DOI: 10.1177/026119291103900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Topical glucocorticoids (GCs) are extensively used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. However, their long-term use is often accompanied by severe and eventually irreversible adverse effects, with atrophy being the most important limitation. Currently, most non-clinical studies involve animal testing, so the results are not always representative of the situation in humans. The aim of this project was to establish an in vitro test protocol for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and atrophic potential of topically applied GCs in reconstructed human skin. Initial studies with fibroblasts and keratinocytes confirmed the anti-inflammatory and atrophogenic effects of GCs, as evidenced by decreased cytokine production and collagen mRNA expression. In non-pretreated reconstructed human skin (EpiDermFT™), the topical application of GCs for seven days strongly reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6. GC-induced skin atrophy, known to appear only after prolonged treatment, was not detected by the analysis of epidermal thickness and collagen mRNA expression. However, reproducible epidermal inflammation was established for the first time in reconstructed human skin. Topical treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) increased IL-6 release and strongly reduced epidermal thickness accompanied by severe parakeratosis. GC treatment of reconstructed human skin reduced IL-6 levels and completely resolved parakeratosis, leading to the normalisation of epidermal thickness. These induced inflammatory conditions mimic more closely the clinical situations in which GCs are used, and therefore appear to be more suitable for future investigations for the establishment of a human-based in vitro test protocol for evaluating wanted and unwanted GC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Weindl
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Schoepe S, Schäcke H, Asadullah K. Test systems for the determination of glucocorticoid receptor ligand induced skin atrophy. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 3:175-9. [PMID: 22110776 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.3.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Topical glucocorticoids are highly anti-inflammatory effective but limited by their side effect potential, with skin atrophy being the most prominent one. Thus, determining the atrophogenic potential of novel compounds targeting the glucocorticoid receptor is important. Significant progress in the understanding of glucocorticoid receptor mediated molecular action has been made providing the basis for novel glucocorticoid receptor ligands with a potentially superior effect/side effect profile. Such compounds, however, need to be tested. The present gold standard for the reliable prediction of glucocorticoid induced skin atrophy are still in vivo models, however, in vitro models may replace them to some extent in the future. Indeed, advances in technologies to determine the atrophogenic potential of compounds in vitro has been made recently and promising novel test models like the human full thickness skin models are emerging. Their full predictive value, however, needs to be further evaluated. Currently, a screening approach starting with a combination of several in vitro test systems followed by subsequent testing of the most promising compounds in rodent models is recommended prior entering clinical studies with selected development compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schoepe
- Target Discovery; Global Drug Discovery; Bayer Schering Pharma AG; Berlin, Germany
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40
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Nam YS, Kwon IK, Lee KB. Monitoring of clobetasol propionate and betamethasone dipropionate as undeclared steroids in cosmetic products manufactured in Korea. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 210:144-8. [PMID: 21474261 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some cosmetic products manufactured in Korea have been suspected to contain anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, such as clobetasol propionate and betamethasone dipropionate, for the treatment of eczema, seborrhea and psoriasis, without any indication on the label of the cosmetic products. Due to their severe side effects, such as permanent skin atopy, these two corticosteroids in cosmetic products need to be monitored from a forensic point of view. Cosmetic product samples (number of samples=47) of manufacturers charged by consumers have been collected in local and online markets of Korea, and they were validated and analyzed by a simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet diode array (UV-DAD). LC-MS/MS and LC-MS were used to confirm these steroids in cosmetic samples with diagnostic ions (m/z) and isotope ratio. Linearity was studied with 0.5-10μg/mL range in both steroids. Good correlation coefficients (r(2)≥0.999) were found, and their limits of quantifications were 0.59μg/mL and 0.66μg/mL in clobetasol propionate and betamethasone dipropionate, respectively. At three different concentrations spanning the linear dynamic ranges, mean recoveries were always higher than 93%, and precisions for intra-day and inter-day analyses were both less than 3.5%. The results show 32-96.4μg/g levels of clobetasol propionate in five different cosmetic products. Also, betamethasone dipropionate in a sample was monitored at the level of 195.1μg/g. This fact reveals that some manufacturers have added these steroids in their cosmetic products to advertise the treatment effect for skin atopy. Thus, these cosmetic products need to be monitored carefully, and ultimately removed from the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sik Nam
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryangri, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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41
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Poulsen RC, Carr AJ, Hulley PA. Protection against glucocorticoid-induced damage in human tenocytes by modulation of ERK, Akt, and forkhead signaling. Endocrinology 2011; 152:503-14. [PMID: 21209015 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antiinflammatory glucocorticoid (GC) injections are extensively used to treat painful tendons. However, GC cause severe tissue wasting in other collagen-producing tissues such as skin and bone. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of GC on tenocytes and to explore strategies to protect against unwanted side effects of GC treatment. Cell survival, collagen production, and the induction of signaling pathways in primary human tenocytes treated with dexamethasone (Dex) were assessed. Antioxidant and growth factor approaches to protection were tested. Dex treatment resulted in reduced viable cell number, cell proliferation, and collagen production. Dex induced reactive oxygen species generation in tenocytes and strongly up-regulated the stress-response transcription factors FOXO1 and FOXO3A. Phosphorylation of ERK and protein kinase B/Akt, which regulate cell proliferation and also inhibit forkhead activity, was decreased. Chemical inhibition of ERK or Akt activity significantly reduced tenocyte cell number. Ameliorating the Dex-induced reduction in ERK or Akt activity by cotreatment with vitamin C or insulin protected against the Dex-induced reduction in cell number. Silencing FOXO1 prevented the Dex-induced reduction in collagen 1α1 expression. Cotreatment with vitamin C or insulin protected against the Dex-induced increase in FOXO and the Dex-induced inhibition of collagen 1α1 expression. Reduced ERK and Akt activation and increased forkhead signaling contribute to the negative effects of GC on tenocytes. Cotreatment therapies that target these signaling pathways are protective. Vitamin C in particular may be a clinically useable co-therapy to reduce connective tissue side effects associated with GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raewyn C Poulsen
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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Laubach V, Zöller N, Rossberg M, Görg K, Kippenberger S, Bereiter-Hahn J, Kaufmann R, Bernd A. Integration of Langerhans-like cells into a human skin equivalent. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 303:135-9. [PMID: 21069532 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies regarding cellular interactions between Langerhans cells and other skin cells are somehow hampered by the difficult cultivation of these cells in vitro. Here, we show that the human MUTZ-3 cell line can be differentiated into Langerhans-like cells in the presence of a cytokine cocktail including GM-CSF, TGF-β1 and TNF-α. We used the expression of langerin, CD1a, CCR6 and the intracellular presence of Birbeck granules to identify the differentiated MUTZ-3 cells (MUTZ-3-LCs). The aim of this study was to integrate MUTZ-3-LCs into a three-dimensional full-thickness skin model. On top of fibroblast-containing collagen matrix a mixture of primary human keratinocytes and MUTZ-3-LCs were seeded and cultured for 24 h. Subsequently, the models were lifted up to the air-liquid interface. Histological evaluation featured a fully stratified epidermis with all characteristic epidermal strata. Langerin-positive cells were detected suprabasally within the epidermis indicating that keratinocytes provide environmental conditions for long-time maintenance of MUTZ-3-LCs. These skin models provide a tool to further investigate the interactions between Langerhans-like cells and other skin cells and particularly learn more about the cutaneous immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesselina Laubach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Järveläinen H, Sainio A, Koulu M, Wight TN, Penttinen R. Extracellular matrix molecules: potential targets in pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 61:198-223. [PMID: 19549927 DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of numerous macromolecules classified traditionally into collagens, elastin, and microfibrillar proteins, proteoglycans including hyaluronan, and noncollagenous glycoproteins. In addition to being necessary structural components, ECM molecules exhibit important functional roles in the control of key cellular events such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Any structural inherited or acquired defect and/or metabolic disturbance in the ECM may cause cellular and tissue alterations that can lead to the development or progression of disease. Consequently, ECM molecules are important targets for pharmacotherapy. Specific agents that prevent the excess accumulation of ECM molecules in the vascular system, liver, kidney, skin, and lung; alternatively, agents that inhibit the degradation of the ECM in degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis would be clinically beneficial. Unfortunately, until recently, the ECM in drug discovery has been largely ignored. However, several of today's drugs that act on various primary targets affect the ECM as a byproduct of the drugs' actions, and this activity may in part be beneficial to the drugs' disease-modifying properties. In the future, agents and compounds targeting directly the ECM will significantly advance the treatment of various human diseases, even those for which efficient therapies are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Şenyiğit T, Sonvico F, Barbieri S, Özer Ö, Santi P, Colombo P. Lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles of clobetasol-17-propionate capable of accumulation in pig skin. J Control Release 2010; 142:368-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Järveläinen H, Sainio A, Koulu M, Wight TN, Penttinen R. Extracellular Matrix Molecules: Potential Targets in Pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001289 doi:dx.doi.org] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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