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Bivehed E, Hellman B, Wenson L, Stenerlöw B, Söderberg O, Heldin J. Visualizing DNA single- and double-strand breaks in the Flash comet assay by DNA polymerase-assisted end-labelling. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:e22. [PMID: 38261985 PMCID: PMC10899772 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the comet assay, tails are formed after single-cell gel electrophoresis if the cells have been exposed to genotoxic agents. These tails include a mixture of both DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, these two types of strand breaks cannot be distinguished using comet assay protocols with conventional DNA stains. Since DSBs are more problematic for the cells, it would be useful if the SSBs and DSBs could be differentially identified in the same comet. In order to be able to distinguish between SSBs and DSBs, we designed a protocol for polymerase-assisted DNA damage analysis (PADDA) to be used in combination with the Flash comet protocol, or on fixed cells. By using DNA polymerase I to label SSBs and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to label DSBs with fluorophore-labelled nucleotides. Herein, TK6-cells or HaCat cells were exposed to either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ionising radiation (X-rays) or DNA cutting enzymes, and then subjected to a comet protocol followed by PADDA. PADDA offers a wider detection range, unveiling previously undetected DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bivehed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Björn Hellman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Leonie Wenson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Johan Heldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
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Gutiérrez-Wong JR, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI. First report of acaricidal efficacy from plumbagin on larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus resistant to conventional acaricides. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108632. [PMID: 37832775 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The problem of resistance to acaricides in ticks such as Rhipicephalus microplus and R. sanguineus has motivated the search for control alternatives, such as the use of extracts and secondary metabolites from plants. Plumbagin is a natural product present in plants such as Plumbago zeylanica L., Diospyros kaki, and D. anisandra, of which acaricidal activity has been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the acaricidal efficacy of plumbagin on larvae of R. microplus and R. sanguineus resistant to conventional acaricides. Larvae from engorged female ticks, collected from naturally infested dairy cattle and domiciled dogs, in Yucatan, Mexico, were used. The larval packet test and the larval immersion test were performed to detect acaricide susceptibility. Both tick populations were detected as resistant to cypermethrin and amitraz. Then, the modified larval immersion test was used and plumbagin was evaluated at concentrations of 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.125% (%w/v), obtaining a mortality of 100% in the four concentrations for both tick species. Subsequently, lower doses of plumbagin were evaluated at concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.03125%, 0.015625% and 0.0078125%, obtaining mortalities of 100 to 36.26% for R. microplus and 100%-5.33% for R. sanguineus. Using Probit analysis, lethal concentrations at 50% (LC50), 99% (LC99) and confidence intervals at 95% (CI95%) were calculated. R. microplus showed a LC50 of 0.011% (CI95%: 0.010-0.011) and LC99 of 0.019% (CI95%: 0.018-0.022). R. sanguineus presented a LC50 of 0.017% (CI95%: 0.015-0.018) and CL99 of 0.031% (CI95%: 0.027-0.036). It was concluded that plumbagin has high acaricidal efficacy against larvae of R. microplus and R. sanguineus resistant to amitraz and cypermethrin. R. microplus larvae were significantly more susceptible to LC50 and LC99 compared to R. sanguineus. This is the first report on the acaricidal efficacy of plumbagin on larvae of R. microplus and R. sanguineus resistant to conventional acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gutiérrez-Wong
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J A Rosado-Aguilar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - R I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km15.5, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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3
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Current Trends in Toxicity Assessment of Herbal Medicines: A Narrative Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in modern times, the popularity level of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in therapy is still high. The World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the population in developing countries uses these types of remedies. Even though herbal medicine products are usually perceived as low risk, their potential health risks should be carefully assessed. Several factors can cause the toxicity of herbal medicine products: plant components or metabolites with a toxic potential, adulteration, environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides), or contamination of microorganisms (toxigenic fungi). Their correct evaluation is essential for the patient’s safety. The toxicity assessment of herbal medicine combines in vitro and in vivo methods, but in the past decades, several new techniques emerged besides conventional methods. The use of omics has become a valuable research tool for prediction and toxicity evaluation, while DNA sequencing can be used successfully to detect contaminants and adulteration. The use of invertebrate models (Danio renio or Galleria mellonella) became popular due to the ethical issues associated with vertebrate models. The aim of the present article is to provide an overview of the current trends and methods used to investigate the toxic potential of herbal medicinal products and the challenges in this research field.
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Fang Z, Xie L, Wang L, Zhang Q, Li D. Silver-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides: an efficient route to γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26776-26780. [PMID: 36320855 PMCID: PMC9490777 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives through a Ag2O-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides has been developed. Related 2-oxazolidinone substituted quinone products can be also obtained with N-aryl allyl carbamates. The reactions proceed through an amidyl radical-initiated 5-exo-trig cyclization and followed radical addition to quinones. They provide an efficient route to various γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives with a wide range of substrate scope. The synthesis of γ-lactam and related 2-oxazolidinone substituted quinone derivatives through a Ag2O-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-ary-4-pentenamides and N-aryl allyl carbamates has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Fang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Dong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Siatkowska K, Chraniuk M, Bollin P, Banasiuk R. Light emitting diodes optimisation for secondary metabolites production by Droseraceae plants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 224:112308. [PMID: 34543848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant active compound in Droseraceae is plumbagin, a naphthoquinone widely used for medical purposes due to its antimicrobial, antitussive, antimalarial and anticancer properties. In this work, we created a light-emitting diode (LED) based culture illumination setup as an alternative to fluorescent lamps traditionally used as a light source in plant in vitro cultures. The plants of Drosera binata and Drosera peltata cultured under LED illumination grew equally well and produced similar amounts of biologically active compounds as plants grown under fluorescent lamps. The plants were cultured on two media differing in mineral composition, sucrose content and pH. Secondary metabolites were extracted with ethanol from the plants after harvesting. The extracts were subjected to HPLC and microbiological analyses. We observed differences in morphology and secondary metabolism between plants of the same species grown on different media. However, we did not note significant changes in secondary metabolite yield under assessed lighting conditions. We propose LEDs as a more efficient, eco-friendly and economically reasonable source of light for big scale in vitro production of plumbagin in Drosera species than fluorescent lamps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Siatkowska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland; Herbiopharm sp. z o.o., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Milena Chraniuk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland; Herbiopharm sp. z o.o., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Bollin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Banasiuk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdańsk, Poland; Herbiopharm sp. z o.o., Gdańsk, Poland.
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6
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Neuroprotective and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of plumbagin in ICV-LPS induced behavioral deficits in rats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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7
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Qais FA, Khan MS, Ahmad I, Husain FM, Al-Kheraif AA, Arshad M, Alam P. Plumbagin inhibits quorum sensing-regulated virulence and biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria: in vitro and in silico investigations. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:724-739. [PMID: 34396840 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1955250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global rise in antimicrobial resistance and lack of discovery of new antimicrobials have created serious concerns. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) and biofilms of pathogenic bacteria is considered a promising approach in antimicrobial drug discovery. This study explored the inhibitory effect of plumbagin against biofilms and QS of Chromobacterium violaceum, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Violacein production in C. violaceum 12472 was reduced by >80%. The virulent traits of P. aeruginosa PAO1 such as pyocyanin, rhamnolipid and proteases were also inhibited at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, the biofilms of the test bacteria were reduced by 56-70%. Plumbagin reduced the bacterial adherence and colonization on solid surface. Computational studies gave closer insights regarding the possible modes of action. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the protein complexes were quite stable under physiological conditions. This study provides both experimental and computational evidence regarding the efficacy of plumbagin against biofilms and the QS-controlled virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Shavez Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Quinonoids: Therapeutic Potential for Lung Cancer Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2460565. [PMID: 32337232 PMCID: PMC7166295 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2460565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Owing to its high incidence and mortality, the development and discovery of novel anticancer drugs is of great importance. In recent years, many breakthroughs have been achieved in the search for effective anticancer substances from natural products. Many anticancer drugs used clinically and proven to be effective are derived from natural products. Quinonoids, including naphthoquinones, phenanthrenequinones, benzoquinones, and anthraquinones, constitute a large group of natural bioactive compounds that widely exist in higher and lower plant species. Given that most of these compounds possess anticancer effects, they are applied in many cancer studies, especially in lung cancer research. They can promote apoptosis, induce autophagy, and inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell invasion and migration. Some drugs can enhance anticancer effects when combined with other drugs. Thus, quinonoids have broad application prospects in the treatment of lung cancer. Here, we summarize the previous studies on the antilung cancer activities of quinonoids together with their underlying mechanisms and analyze the common research targets with different effects so as to provide references for the discovery of quinonoids against lung cancer.
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9
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Vaz Crippa G, Zanetti TA, Biazi BI, Baranoski A, Marques LA, Coatti GC, Lepri SR, Mantovani MS. Up and down-regulation of mRNA in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Plumbagin in HepG2/C3A. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103328. [PMID: 32000057 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies that evaluated the mechanisms of action of Plumbagin (PLB) and its toxicity may contribute to future therapeutic applications of this compound. We investigate biomarker important in the mechanisms of action correlate the expression of mRNA with the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PLB on HepG2/C3A. In the analysis of cytotoxicity, PLB decreased cell viability and membrane integrity at concentrations ≥ 15μM. Xenobiotic-metabolizing system showed strong mRNA induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, suggesting extensive metabolization. PLB induced apoptosis and an increase in the mRNA expression of genes BBC3, CASP3, and CASP8. At a concentration of 15μM, there was a reduction in the expression of PARP1 mRNA and an increase in the expression of BECN1 mRNA, suggesting that PLB may also induce cell death by autophagy. PLB induced an arrest at the G2/M phase due to DNA damage, as observed in the comet assay. This damage is associated with the increased mRNA expression of genes p21, GADD45A, and H2AFX and with changes in the expression of proteins H2AX, p21, p53, Chk1, and Chk2. These results allow a better understanding of the cellular action of PLB and of its toxicity, thereby contributing to the development of PLB-based drugs, with markers of mRNA expression possibly playing a role as indicators for monitoring toxicity in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vaz Crippa
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Alves Zanetti
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Isabela Biazi
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adrivânio Baranoski
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lilian Areal Marques
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Castello Coatti
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão - Travessa 13, n. 106, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Lepri
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Small molecule inhibitors and stimulators of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cancer cells from natural origin (phytochemicals, marine compounds, antibiotics). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113792. [PMID: 31926145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of isoforms, which generate nitric oxide (NO). NO is one of the smallest molecules in nature and acts mainly as a potent vasodilator. It participates in various biological processes ranging from physiological to pathological conditions. Inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2) is a calcium-independent and inducible isoform. Despite high iNOS expression in many tumors, the role of iNOS is still unclear and complex with both enhancing and prohibiting actions in tumorigenesis. Nature presents a broad variety of natural stimulators and inhibitors, which may either promote or inhibit iNOS response. In the present review, we give an overview of iNOS-modulating agents with a special focus on both natural and synthetic molecules and their effects in related biological processes. The role of iNOS in physiological and pathological conditions is also discussed.
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Tripathi SK, Panda M, Biswal BK. Emerging role of plumbagin: Cytotoxic potential and pharmaceutical relevance towards cancer therapy. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:566-582. [PMID: 30685472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone derived yellow crystalline phytochemical. Plumbagin has a wide range of biological effects including cytotoxicity against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the pleiotropic nature of plumbagin, it shows the anticancer effect by targeting several molecular mechanisms including apoptosis and autophagic pathways, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenic pathways, anti-invasion and anti-metastasis pathways. Among many signaling pathways the key regulatory genes regulated by plumbagin are NF-kβ, STAT3, and AKT, etc. Plumbagin is also a potent inducer of ROS, suppressor of cellular glutathione, and causes DNA strand break by oxidative DNA base damages. In vivo studies suggested that plumbagin significantly reduces the tumor weight and volume in dose-dependent manner without any side effects in tested model organisms. Another exciting aspect of plumbagin is the ability to re-sensitize the chemo and radioresistant cancer cells when used in combination or alone. Nano encapsulation of plumbagin overcomes the poor water solubility and bioavailability obstacles, enhancing the pharmaceutical relevance with better therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, plumbagin can be introduced as a future phytotherapeutic anticancer drug after fully satisfied preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India
| | - Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India.
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Jarolim K, Wolters K, Woelflingseder L, Pahlke G, Beisl J, Puntscher H, Braun D, Sulyok M, Warth B, Marko D. The secondary Fusarium metabolite aurofusarin induces oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human colon cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:170-183. [PMID: 29248571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aurofusarin (AURO), a dimeric naphthoquinone, is produced by Fusarium fungi. Although frequently found in food and feed, toxicological studies are limited. Hence, the in vitro toxicity of AURO was investigated in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 and the non-tumorigenic colon cells HCEC-1CT. Cytotoxic effects were found at concentrations ≥1 μM by evaluating mitochondrial activity (WST-1) and cellular proliferation (sulforhodamine B assay). 10 μM of AURO induced a decrease of cells in the S-phase, measured by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy revealed AURO-mediated increase of intracellular p53 protein. In accordance, DNA-damage was seen in the comet assay (≥1 μM) together with enhanced levels of formamidopyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase (fpg)-sensitive sites, indicative for oxidative stress. An increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed in the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay (≥5 μM). The GSSG/GSH ratio was elevated, but no impact on redox-sensitive Nrf2-dependent genes (Nrf2, γ-GCL, NQO1) was found at the gene expression level. However, induction of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) 1A1 was measured at the gene expression and protein level. In conclusion, these in vitro data suggest that, when co-occurring, AURO might be considered as a potential contributor to the overall toxicity of respective Fusarium mycotoxin mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jarolim
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin Wolters
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lydia Woelflingseder
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Pahlke
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Beisl
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Puntscher
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Braun
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Ito C, Matsui T, Takano M, Wu TS, Itoigawa M. Anti-cell proliferation effect of naphthoquinone dimers isolated from Plumbago zeylanica. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2127-2132. [PMID: 28823173 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1366476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Study of the chemical constituents of the roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. collected in Taiwan led to the isolation and identification of a new naphthoquinone dimer, plumzeylanone (1), along with eight known compounds (2-9). Nine naphthoquinones isolated from this plant were assayed for cell growth inhibition activity using NALM-6 (human B cell precursor leukaemia), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), Colo205 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) and KB (human epidermoid carcinoma). Plumzeylanone (1), a novel plumbagin dimer, suppressed cell proliferation in only NALM-6 cells (IC50 3.98 μM). However, maritinone (9) showed strong inhibition of cell growth in all cell lines tested (0.12 < IC50 < 9.06 μM). This compound appeared to affect the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ito
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , Tempaku , Japan
| | - Takuya Matsui
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , Tempaku , Japan.,b Department of Physiology , Aichi Medical University , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Makiko Takano
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , Tempaku , Japan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- c Department of Chemistry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Masataka Itoigawa
- d School of Sport and Health Science , Tokai Gakuen University , Miyoshi , Japan
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Jang WS, Choi YS, Kim S, Jyoti MA, Seo H, Han J, Kim YS, Lyu J, Nam KW, Lee BE, Lee KI, Song HY. Naphthofuroquinone derivatives show strong antimycobacterial activities against drug-resistant Mycobacteria. J Chemother 2017; 29:338-343. [PMID: 28281912 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2017.1296987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, one of the world's major health problems, has become more serious due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In this study, we performed three anti-MTB assays to evaluate the anti-mycobacterial activity of naphthofuroquinone derivatives against drug-resistant MTB. Among them, methyl 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-7,12-dioxo-7,12-dihydrodinaphtho[1,2-b:2',3'-d]furan-6-carboxylate (DFC2) exhibited strong anti-mycobacterial activity against MTB H37Ra, H37Rv and four drug-resistant MTB strains. The MIC of DFC2 ranged from 0.19-0.39 μg/ml to 0.78-1.56 μg/ml against all tested MTB strains. Moreover, DFC2 showed low cytotoxicity against fibroblast cells (L929) at concentrations 10-40-fold higher than their MICs. The IC50 value of DFC2 against L929 cells was 15.218 μg/ml. In addition, DFC2 reduced the number of intracellular M. tuberculosis in macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results indicate DFC2 to be promising new candidate agents for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Sik Jang
- c Regional Innovation Center , Soonchunhyang University , Asan , Korea
| | - Young-Sang Choi
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
| | - Md Anirban Jyoti
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
| | - Juhye Han
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
| | - Jiwon Lyu
- b Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- d Department of Life Science and Biotechnology , Soonchunhyang University , Asan , South Korea
| | - Byung-Eui Lee
- e Department of Chemistry , Soonchunhyang University , Asan , South Korea
| | - Kee-In Lee
- f Green Chemistry Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Taejon 305-600 , Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea.,b Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan , Chungnam 330-090 , South Korea
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Lundqvist J, Hellman B, Oskarsson A. Fungicide prochloraz induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Khaw AK, Sameni S, Venkatesan S, Kalthur G, Hande MP. Plumbagin alters telomere dynamics, induces DNA damage and cell death in human brain tumour cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 793:86-95. [PMID: 26520377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant products may possess much potential in palliative therapy and supportive strategies of current cancer treatments with lesser cytotoxicity to normal cells compared to conventional chemotherapy. In the current study, anti-cancer properties of plumbagin, a plant-derived naphthoquinone, on brain cancer cells were determined. Plumbagin treatment resulted in the induction of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, followed by suppression of the colony forming ability of the brain tumour cells. These effects were substantiated by upregulation of PTEN, TNFRSF1A and downregulation of E2F1 genes, along with a drop in MDM2, cyclin B1, survivin and BCL2 protein expression. Plumbagin induced elevated levels of caspase-3/7 activity as well. For the first time, we show here that plumbagin inhibits telomerase in brain tumour cells and results in telomere shortening following chronic long-term treatment. This observation implies considerable cytotoxicity of plumbagin towards cancer cells with higher telomerase activity. Collectively, our findings suggest plumbagin as a potential chemotherapeutic phytochemical in brain tumour treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aik Kia Khaw
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Safoura Sameni
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Shriram Venkatesan
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Tembusu College, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138597, Singapore.
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17
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Boldbaatar D, El-Seedi HR, Findakly M, Jabri S, Javzan B, Choidash B, Göransson U, Hellman B. Antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of the Mongolian medicinal plant Leptopyrum fumarioides (L): an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:599-606. [PMID: 24928829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leptopyrum fumarioides has been used in the traditional medicine of Mongolia for the treatment of various diseases, including drug intoxications. However, since there is only sparse information about its chemistry, active components, and pharmacological and toxicological effects, the major aim of the present study employing mouse lymphoma cells was to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic/antioxidative effects of extracts and components isolated from this plant. MATERIAL AND METHODS A crude methanol extract was separated into three different sub-extracts: dichloromethane, n-butanol, and water. The major constituent of the n-butanol extract, i.e., the flavone luteolin-7-O-glucoside and a mixture of the most abundant compounds in the dichloromethane sub-extract were then isolated. DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay; the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. RESULTS The crude methanol extract, the dichloromethane sub-extract and the mixture of compounds isolated from the latter fraction, increased the level of DNA damage after three hours of exposure. In contrast, no increase in DNA damage was observed in the cells that had been exposed to the n-butanol and water sub-extracts, or to the pure flavone. When non-DNA damaging concentrations of extracts and compounds were tested together with the DNA damaging agent catechol, all sub-extracts were found to reduce the catechol-induced DNA damage (the flavone was then found to be the most effective protective agent). The n-butanol sub-extract and the flavone were also found to have the most prominent antioxidative effects. CONCLUSION Based on the results from the present study, components in Leptopyrum fumarioides were found to protect the DNA damage induced by catechol, probably by acting as potent antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delgerbat Boldbaatar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 46, Mongolia
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Meriana Findakly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Box 591, SE-741 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Safa Jabri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Box 591, SE-741 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Batkhuu Javzan
- School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 46, Mongolia
| | - Battsetseg Choidash
- School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 46, Mongolia
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Hellman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Box 591, SE-741 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zhang K, Ge Z, Da Y, Wang D, Liu Y, Xue Z, Li Y, Li W, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang H, Peng M, Hao J, Yao Z, Zhang R. Plumbagin suppresses dendritic cell functions and alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 273:42-52. [PMID: 24953531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PL, 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a herbal compound derived from medicinal plants of the Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Dioncophyllaceae, and Ancistrocladaceae families. Reports have shown that PL exerts immunomodulatory activity and may be a novel drug candidate for immune-related disease therapy. However, its effects on dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs), remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that PL inhibits the differentiation, maturation, and function of human monocyte-derived DCs. PL can also restrict the expression of Th1- and Th17-polarizing cytokines in mDC. In addition, PL suppresses DCs both in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by its effects on the mouse DC line DC2.4 and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), respectively. Notably, PL ameliorated the clinical symptoms of EAE, including central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination. Our results demonstrate the immune suppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of PL via its effects on DCs and suggest that PL could be a potential treatment for DC-related autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ge
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yurong Da
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meiyu Peng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Jamal MS, Parveen S, Beg MA, Suhail M, Chaudhary AGA, Damanhouri GA, Abuzenadah AM, Rehan M. Anticancer compound plumbagin and its molecular targets: a structural insight into the inhibitory mechanisms using computational approaches. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87309. [PMID: 24586269 PMCID: PMC3937309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a naphthoquinone derivative from the roots of plant Plumbago zeylanica and belongs to one of the largest and diverse groups of plant metabolites. The anticancer and antiproliferative activities of plumbagin have been observed in animal models as well as in cell cultures. Plumbagin exerts inhibitory effects on multiple cancer-signaling proteins, however, the binding mode and the molecular interactions have not yet been elucidated for most of these protein targets. The present study is the first attempt to provide structural insights into the binding mode of plumbagin to five cancer signaling proteins viz. PI3Kγ, AKT1/PKBα, Bcl-2, NF-κB, and Stat3 using molecular docking and (un)binding simulation analysis. We validated plumbagin docking to these targets with previously known important residues. The study also identified and characterized various novel interacting residues of these targets which mediate the binding of plumbagin. Moreover, the exact modes of inhibition when multiple mode of inhibition existed was also shown. Results indicated that the engaging of these important interacting residues in plumbagin binding leads to inhibition of these cancer-signaling proteins which are key players in the pathogenesis of cancer and thereby ceases the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Parveen
- Bareilly College, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Mohd A. Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G. A. Chaudhary
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A. Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Åsgård R, Hellman B. Effect of β-carotene on catechol-induced genotoxicity in vitro: evidence of both enhanced and reduced DNA damage. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:692-8. [PMID: 23767930 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.815346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Intake of antioxidants from the diet has been recognized to have beneficial health effects, but the potential benefit of taking antioxidants such as β-carotene as supplements is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of a physiologically relevant concentration (2 μM) of β-carotene on the DNA damaging effects of catechol in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. Two different exposure protocols were used: simultaneous exposure to β-carotene and catechol for 3 h; and exposure to catechol for 3 h after 18 h pre-treatment with the vitamin. DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay (employing one procedure for general damage, and another procedure, which also included oxidative DNA damage). Independent of exposure protocol and procedure for comet assay, β-carotene did not increase the basal level of DNA damage. However, at the highest concentration of catechol (1 mM), β-carotene was found to clearly increase the level of catechol-induced DNA damage, especially in the pre-treated cells. Interestingly, an opposite effect was observed at lower concentrations of catechol, but the β-carotene related reduction of catechol-induced genotoxicity was significant (P < 0.05) only for the procedure including oxidative damage induced by 0.5 mM catechol. Taken together our results indicate that β- carotene can both reduce and enhance the DNA damaging effects of a genotoxic agent such as catechol. This indicates that it is the level of catechol-induced DNA damage that seems to determine whether β-carotene should be regarded as a beneficial or detrimental agent when it comes to its use as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Åsgård
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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OGIHARA HIROKAZU, ENDOU FUMIKO, FURUKAWA SOICHI, MATSUFUJI HIROSHI, SUZUKI KOUICHI, ANZAI HIROSHI. Antimicrobial Activity of the Carnivorous Plant Dionaea muscipula Against Food-Related Pathogenic and Putrefactive Bacteria. Biocontrol Sci 2013; 18:151-5. [DOI: 10.4265/bio.18.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Lee JH, Yeon JH, Kim H, Roh W, Chae J, Park HO, Kim DM. The natural anticancer agent plumbagin induces potent cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by inhibiting a PI-5 kinase for ROS generation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45023. [PMID: 23028742 PMCID: PMC3441601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced haploinsufficiency (DIH) in yeast has been considered a valuable tool for drug target identification. A plant metabolite, plumbagin, has potent anticancer activity via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the detailed molecular targets of plumbagin for ROS generation are not understood. Here, using DIH and heterozygous deletion mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we identified 1, 4-phopshatidylinositol 5-kinase (PI5K) its3 as a new molecular target of plumbagin for ROS generation. Plumbagin showed potent anti-proliferative activity (GI(50); 10 µM) and induced cell elongation and septum formation in wild-type S. pombe. Furthermore, plumbagin dramatically increased the intracellular ROS level, and pretreatment with the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), protected against growth inhibition by plumbagin, suggesting that ROS play a crucial role in the anti-proliferative activity in S. pombe. Interestingly, significant DIH was observed in an its3-deleted heterozygous mutant, in which ROS generation by plumbagin was higher than that in wild-type cells, implying that its3 contributes to ROS generation by plumbagin in this yeast. In MCF7 human breast cancer cells, plumbagin significantly decreased the level of a human ortholog, 1, 4-phopshatidylinositol 5-kinase (PI5K)-1B, of yeast its3, and knockdown of PI5K-1B using siPI5K-1B increased the ROS level and decreased cell viability. Taken together, these results clearly show that PI5K-1B plays a crucial role in ROS generation as a new molecular target of plumbagin. Moreover, drug target screening using DIH in S. pombe deletion mutants is a valuable tool for identifying molecular targets of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- S. pombe Research Team, Gene-to-Drug Division, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Yeon
- S. pombe Research Team, Gene-to-Drug Division, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- S. pombe Research Team, Gene-to-Drug Division, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Whijae Roh
- S. pombe Research Team, Gene-to-Drug Division, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeiwook Chae
- S. pombe Research Team, Gene-to-Drug Division, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Oh Park
- S. pombe Research Team, Gene-to-Drug Division, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- S. pombe Research Team, Gene-to-Drug Division, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Nematollahi A, Aminimoghadamfarouj N, Wiart C. Reviews on 1,4-naphthoquinones from Diospyros L. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:80-88. [PMID: 22263598 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.633515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The genus Diospyros is one of the most important sources of bioactive compounds, exclusively 1,4-naphthoquinones. The following information is an attempt to cover the developments in the biology and phytochemistry of 1,4-naphthoquinones isolated from this genus, as well as the studies done and the suggested mechanisms regarding their activities. During the past 60 years, many of these agents have been isolated from Diospyros L. Twelve considerable bioactive structures are reported in this review. The basic 1,4-naphthoquinone skeletons, on which a large number of studies have been done, are plumbagin and diospyrin. Today, the potential for development of leads from 1,4-naphthoquinones obtained from Diospyros L. is growing dramatically, mainly in the area of anticancer and antibacterial investigations. The data prepared and described here are intended to be served as a reference tool to the natural products and chemistry specialists in order to expand the rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nematollahi
- Research Center of Natural Products Safety and Medicinal Plants, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Jia Y, Jing J, Bai Y, Li Z, Liu L, Luo J, Liu M, Chen H. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by plumbagin through down-regulation of JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27006. [PMID: 22066025 PMCID: PMC3205001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin(PL), a herbal compound derived from roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, has been shown to have immunosuppressive properties. Present report describes that PL is a potent novel agent in control of encephalitogenic T cell responses and amelioration of mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), through down-regulation of JAK-STAT pathway. PL was found to selectively inhibit IFN-γ and IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells, which was mediated through abrogated phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK2. Consistent with IFN-γ and IL-17 reduction was suppressed STAT1/STAT4/T-bet pathway which is critical for Th1 differentiation, as well as STAT3/ROR pathway which is essential for Th17 differentiation. In addition, PL suppressed pro-inflammatory molecules such as iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-6, accompanied by inhibition of IκB degradation as well as NF-κB phosphorylation. These data give new insight into the novel immune regulatory mechanism of PL and highlight the great value of this kind of herb compounds in probing the complex cytokine signaling network and novel therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Jing
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lande Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Srinivas P, Patra CR, Bhattacharya S, Mukhopadhyay D. Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2113-22. [PMID: 22114475 PMCID: PMC3215152 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated the anticancer activities of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from plants belonging to Plumbaginaceae family. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports which describe gold nanoconjugation with plumbagin, even though plumbagin is considered to be a promising therapeutic agent. In this report, we demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles conjugated with plumbagin (AuPB) that can reduce the toxicity of the latter, and their capacity for cellular localization and generation of reactive oxygen species. The anticancer activity and ability of plumbagin to produce reactive oxygen species was studied and compared with that of bromoderivatives of 1,4 naphthoquinones such as 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-BNQ) and 2,3-dibromo-1, 4-naphthoquinone (2,3-DBNQ) and their gold nanoconjugates. Plumbagin and bromoderivatives of 1,4 naphthoquinones in the form of gold nanoconjugates showed reduced cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared with the pristine compounds, ie, plumbagin, 2-BNQ, and 2,3-DBNQ. Interestingly, we observed that the gold nanoparticles could quench the reactive oxygen species-generating capacity of plumbagin, 2-BNQ, and 2,3-BNQ, which is one of the main mechanisms of action of the naphthoquinones. Therefore, it can be concluded that conjugation with gold nanoparticles can reduce the cytotoxicity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Srinivas
- Integrated Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India.
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Padhye S, Dandawate P, Yusufi M, Ahmad A, Sarkar FH. Perspectives on medicinal properties of plumbagin and its analogs. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:1131-58. [PMID: 23059762 DOI: 10.1002/med.20235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is one of the simplest plant secondary metabolite of three major phylogenic families viz. Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae, and Ebenceae, and exhibits highly potent biological activities, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Recent investigations indicate that these activities arise mainly out of its ability to undergo redox cycling, generating reactive oxygen species and chelating trace metals in biological system. The compound is endowed with a property to inhibit the drug efflux mechanism in drug-resistant bacteria, thereby allowing intracellular accumulation of the potent drug molecules. An interesting bioactivity exhibited by this compound is the elimination of stringent, conjugative, multidrug-resistant plasmids from several bacterial strains including opportunistic bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. Moreover, plumbagin effectively induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest, which is, in part, due to the inactivation of NF-κB in cancer cells. Therefore, it has been suggested that designing "hybrid drug molecules" of plumbagin by combining it with other appropriate anticancer agents may lead to the generation of novel and potent anticancer drugs with pleiotropic action against human cancers. This comprehensive review is an attempt to understand the chemistry of plumbagin and catalog its biological activities reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Padhye
- Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Kuete V, Ngameni B, Mbaveng A, Ngadjui B, Meyer JM, Lall N. Evaluation of flavonoids from Dorstenia barteri for their antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and anti-reverse transcriptase activities. Acta Trop 2010; 116:100-4. [PMID: 20599632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and reverse transcriptase activities of five flavonoids: isobachalcone (IBC); kanzanol C (KAN); 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (4-LCP); stipulin (SPL) and amentoflavone (AMF) from Dortenia barteri, together with the crude extract from this plant. The Agar disc diffusion, broth microdilution, microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), radiometric respiratory technique using BACTEC 460 system and the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. The results of the antimycobacterial assay showed that the crude extract and compounds were able to prevent the growth of Mycobacteria with MIC<10 microg/ml being recorded with IBC on M. tuberculosis. Results of the killing rate experiment revealed that total inhibition effect on M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was noted with IBC and SPL at day 9 when tested at 4x MIC. The results of the antigonorrheal assay indicated that MIC values below 10 microg/ml were also recorded with IBC on all the tested N. gonorrhoeae strains, meanwhile good activities (MIC<10 microg/ml) were also noted with the extract, KAN, 4-LCP and SPL on some of these strains. The anti-reverse transcriptase activities of extract and compounds also demonstrated that all samples were able to inhibit at various extents the reverse transcriptase activity, with IBC and 4-LCP showing the best effects. The overall results of this work provided evidence that the crude extract as well as some flavonoids from D. barteri could be potential sources of new antimicrobial drug against tuberculosis (TB), gonorrhea and probably the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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Somasundaram V, Srinivas P. Insights into the targeted elimination of BRCA1-defective cancer stem cells. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:948-67. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kuete V, Tangmouo JG, Marion Meyer J, Lall N. Diospyrone, crassiflorone and plumbagin: three antimycobacterial and antigonorrhoeal naphthoquinones from two Diospyros spp. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:322-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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