1
|
Hadrup N, Sørli JB, Sharma AK. Response to commentary on "Pulmonary toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity evaluation of molybdenum, lithium, and tungsten: A review". Toxicology 2022; 480:153323. [PMID: 36115644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jorid B Sørli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anoop K Sharma
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 201, 031, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parsadanyan G, Nersesyan A. Are lithium and its salts genotoxic? Re: Hadrup et al. Pulmonary toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity evaluation of molybdenum, lithium, and tungsten: A review. Toxicology 467 (2022) 153098. Toxicology 2022; 479:153298. [PMID: 36041675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Parsadanyan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Scientific Research Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kato S. Under lithium carbonate administration, nicotine triggers cell dysfunction in human glioblastoma U-251MG cells, which is distinct from cotinine. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:19. [PMID: 36698501 PMCID: PMC9829207 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is an alkaloid found in tobacco leaves. Smoking prevention has been a neglected issue in psychiatry; nicotine intake in conjunction with the administration of the mood stabilizer, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), may negatively affect brain cells. The present study investigated the combined effects of nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine, and Li2CO3 compared to acetylcholine and dopamine in U-251MG human glioblastoma cells. Cell proliferation was found to be decreased by nicotine and to be further suppressed following treatment with Li2CO3, accompanied by mitotic catastrophe and increased levels of superoxide anion radicals. By contrast, cotinine did not exert such detrimental effects. It was also found that acetylcholine did not suppress cell proliferation, whereas dopamine in conjunction with Li2CO3 decreased cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The nicotine-induced cell growth inhibition was restored by mecamylamine, a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that nicotine combined with Li2CO3 leads to the suppression of the proliferation of human glioblastoma cells accompanied by mitotic catastrophe and superoxide anion radical generation. These findings may provide further cellular biological insight into the risks associated with smoking under Li2CO3 administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kato
- Radioisotope Experimental Facility, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hadrup N, Sørli JB, Sharma AK. Pulmonary toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity evaluation of molybdenum, lithium, and tungsten: A review. Toxicology 2022; 467:153098. [PMID: 35026344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum, lithium, and tungsten are constituents of many products, and exposure to these elements potentially occurs at work. Therefore it is important to determine at what levels they are toxic, and thus we set out to review their pulmonary toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. After pulmonary exposure, molybdenum and tungsten are increased in multiple tissues; data on the distribution of lithium are limited. Excretion of all three elements is both via faeces and urine. Molybdenum trioxide exerted pulmonary toxicity in a 2-year inhalation study in rats and mice with a lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentration (LOAEC) of 6.6 mg Mo/m3. Lithium chloride had a LOAEC of 1.9 mg Li/m3 after subacute inhalation in rabbits. Tungsten oxide nanoparticles resulted in a no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) of 5 mg/m3 after inhalation in hamsters. In another study, tungsten blue oxide had a LOAEC of 63 mg W/m3 in rats. Concerning genotoxicity, for molybdenum, the in vivo genotoxicity after inhalation remains unknown; however, there was some evidence of carcinogenicity of molybdenum trioxide. The data on the genotoxicity of lithium are equivocal, and one carcinogenicity study was negative. Tungsten seems to have a genotoxic potential, but the data on carcinogenicity are equivocal. In conclusion, for all three elements, dose descriptors for inhalation toxicity were identified, and the potential for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity was assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jorid B Sørli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anoop K Sharma
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 201, 031, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Durnev AD, Eremina NV, Zhanataev AK, Kolik LG. [Genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs in experimental and clinical studies]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:7-16. [PMID: 36279223 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221221017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of experimental data on the study of the genotoxic activity of psychotropic drugs published over the past 25 years has been carried out. It has been shown that the information describing the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs is characterized by fragmentation, contradictions, and the conditions for their experimental production often do not meet modern requirements. Conclusions about the presence or absence of genotoxic properties can be made only for 9.6% 94 examined drugs. The need for a large-scale systematic reassessment of the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs, especially drugs of the first generation, on the basis of modern methodology, including studies of mutagen-modifying activity, has been proven. The expediency of monitoring the genotoxic status of patients receiving psychotropic drugs is emphasized, which should contribute to an adequate assessment of the genotoxic risk of their use and objectification of approaches when choosing a drug for the safe therapy. The urgency of conducting research to determine the role of primary DNA damage in the pathogenesis of mental illnesses has been substantiated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Durnev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Eremina
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Zhanataev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L G Kolik
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baines RP, Wolton K, Thompson CRL. Dictyostelium discoideum: an alternative non-animal model for developmental toxicity testing. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:302-318. [PMID: 34387693 PMCID: PMC8538044 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical aspect of toxicity evaluation is developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) testing. Traditionally, DART testing has been conducted in vivo in mammalian model systems. New legislation aimed at reducing animal use and the prohibitive costs associated with DART testing, together with a need to understand the genetic pathways underlying developmental toxicity means there is a growing demand for alternative model systems for toxicity evaluation. Here we explore the potential of the eukaryotic social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, which is already widely used as a simple model system for cell and developmental biology, as a potential nonanimal model for DART testing. We developed assays for high-throughput screening of toxicity during D. discoideum growth and development. This allowed the toxicity of a broad range of test compounds to be characterized, which revealed that D. discoideum can broadly predict mammalian toxicity. In addition, we show that this system can be used to perform functional genomic screens to compare the molecular modes of action of different compounds. For example, genome-wide screens for mutations that affect lithium and valproic acid toxicity allowed common and unique biological targets and molecular processes mediating their toxicity to be identified. These studies illustrate that D. discoideum could represent a predictive nonanimal model for DART testing due to its amenability to high-throughput approaches and molecular genetic tractability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kathryn Wolton
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Romanova N, Niemann T, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Noll T. Hyperosmolality in CHO culture: Effects on cellular behavior and morphology. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2348-2359. [PMID: 33751545 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) to highly concentrated feed solution during fed-batch cultivation is known to result in an unphysiological osmolality increase (>300 mOsm/kg), affecting cell physiology and morphology. Extending previous observation on osmotic adaptation, the present study investigates for the first time potential effects of hyperosmolality on CHO cells on both population and single-cell level. We intentionally exposed CHO cells to hyperosmolality of up to 545 mOsm/kg during fed-batch cultivation. In concordance with existing research data, hyperosmolality-exposed CHO cells showed a nearly triplicated volume accompanied by ablation of proliferation. On the molecular level, we observed a strong hyperosmolality-dependent increase in mitochondrial activity in CHO cells compared to control. In contrast to mitochondrial activity, hyperosmolality-dependent proliferation arrest of CHO cells was not accompanied by DNA accumulation or caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis. Notably, we demonstrate for the first time a formation of up to eight multiple, small nuclei in single hyperosmolality-stressed CHO cells. The here presented observations reveal previously unknown hyperosmolality-dependent morphological changes in CHO cells and support existing data on the osmotic response in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Romanova
- Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tarek Niemann
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effect of lithium chloride on the production and sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9239-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Inhibition of caudal fin regeneration in Corydoras aeneus by lithium chloride. Micron 2013; 46:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|