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Chaudhary S, Parvez S. Phytanic acid induced neurological alterations in rat brain synaptosomes and its attenuation by melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:37-46. [PMID: 28826095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytanic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) (Phyt) is a saturated branched chain fatty acid which originates after the breakdown of chlorophyll molecule, phytol. It plays an important role in a variety of metabolic disorders with peroxisomal impairments. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the adverse effects of Phyt on synaptic functions by using synaptosomal preparation of rat brain as an in vitro model and the possible protective role of melatonin against Phyt-induced neurotoxicity. Melatonin is an antioxidant, secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin and its metabolites have neuroprotective effects on cellular stress, by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In the present investigation, synaptosomes prepared from rat brain were co-treated with melatonin (10μM) and Phyt (50μM) for 2h. Co-treatment of Phyt with melatonin significantly restored the altered levels of protein carbonyl (PC) contents and lipid peroxidation (LPO). It also replenished the Phyt-induced alterations on the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant defence reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and synaptosomal integral enzymes such as AChE, Na+, K+-ATPase and MAO. We observed that Phyt induced oxidative stress in synaptosomes as indicated by an elevation in the generation of ROS and melatonin was able to inhibit the elevated ROS generation. Moreover, the neurotoxic effects elicited by Phyt on NO level and membrane potential were totally prevented by the treatment of melatonin. The results of our investigation emphasize the potential use of melatonin as a nutraceutical and mitigatory agent against Phyt-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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Bondžić AM, Čolović MB, Janjić GV, Zarić B, Petrović S, Krstić DZ, Marzo T, Messori L, Vasić VM. The influence of oxo-bridged binuclear gold(III) complexes on Na/K-ATPase activity: a joint experimental and theoretical approach. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:819-832. [PMID: 28432453 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro effects of oxo-bridged binuclear gold(III) complexes, i.e., [(bipy2Me)2Au2(μ-O)2][PF6]2 (Auoxo6), Au2[(bipydmb-H)2(μ-O)][PF6] (Au2bipyC) and [Au2(phen2Me)2(μ-O)2](PF6)2 (Au2phen) on Na/K-ATPase, purified from the porcine cerebral cortex, were investigated. All three studied gold complexes inhibited the enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner achieving IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Kinetic analysis suggested an uncompetitive mode of inhibition for Auoxo6 and Au2bipyC, and a mixed type one for Au2phen. Docking studies indicated that the inhibitory actions of all tested complexes are related to E2-P enzyme conformation binding to ion channel and intracellular part between N and P sub-domain. In addition, Au2phen was able to inhibit the enzyme by interacting with its extracellular part as well. Toxic effects of the gold(III) complexes were evaluated in vitro by following lactate dehydrogenase activity in rat brain synaptosomes and incidence of micronuclei and cytokinesis-block proliferation index in cultivated human lymphocytes. All investigated complexes turned out to induce cytogenetic damage consisting of a significant decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in micronuclei in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, lactate dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of membrane integrity/viability, was not affected by Auoxo6 and Au2bipyC, while Au2phen slightly modified its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Bondžić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran V Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Metallurgy and Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidarka Zarić
- Institute of Chemistry, Metallurgy and Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Petrović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Z Krstić
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vesna M Vasić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia.
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In vitro evaluation of neurotoxicity potential and oxidative stress responses of diazinon and its degradation products in rat brain synaptosomes. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The dynamics of autism spectrum disorders: how neurotoxic compounds and neurotransmitters interact. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:3384-408. [PMID: 23924882 PMCID: PMC3774444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10083384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years concern has risen about the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Accumulating evidence shows that exposure to neurotoxic compounds is related to ASD. Neurotransmitters might play a key role, as research has indicated a connection between neurotoxic compounds, neurotransmitters and ASD. In the current review a literature overview with respect to neurotoxic exposure and the effects on neurotransmitter systems is presented. The aim was to identify mechanisms and related factors which together might result in ASD. The literature reported in the current review supports the hypothesis that exposure to neurotoxic compounds can lead to alterations in the GABAergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic system which have been related to ASD in previous work. However, in several studies findings were reported that are not supportive of this hypothesis. Other factors also might be related, possibly altering the mechanisms at work, such as time and length of exposure as well as dose of the compound. Future research should focus on identifying the pathway through which these factors interact with exposure to neurotoxic compounds making use of human studies.
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Gubert P, Ávila DS, Bridi JC, Saurin S, Lugokenski TH, Villarinho JG, Fachinetto R, Pereira ME, Ferreira J, da Rocha JBT, Soares FAA. Low concentrations of methamidophos do not alter AChE activity but modulate neurotransmitters uptake in hippocampus and striatum in vitro. Life Sci 2011; 88:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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