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Rostampour S, Eslami F, Babaei E, Mostafavi H, Mahdavi M. An Active Compound from the Pyrazine Family Induces Apoptosis by Targeting the Bax/Bcl2 and Survivin Expression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:203-212. [PMID: 38038011 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206272359231121105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been established that pyrazine derivatives, which have widespread bioactivities, can effectively treat cancer. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-methoxy-5-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) phenyl pyrazine-2- carboxylate (2-mOPP), a new pyrazine derivative, on proliferation, viability, and apoptosis induction in human leukemia K562 cells. METHODS For this purpose, the K562 cells were treated with various concentrations (20-120 μM) of the 2-mOPP for 24-72 hours. Cell viability was determined by MTT growth inhibition assay. Apoptotic activity of 2-mOPP was investigated morphologically by Hoechst staining, cell surface expression assay of phosphatidylserine by Annexin-V/PI technique, as well as DNA fragmentation assay. The effect of 2-mOPP on the K562 cell cycle was studied by flow cytometry. To determine the impact of 2-mOPP on the expression of intrinsic apoptosis-related genes, Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic), Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Survivin genes expression levels were evaluated before and after treatment with 2-mOPP through Real-Time PCR analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that 2-mOPP inhibited viability with IC50 of 25μM in 72 h. Morphological changes assessment by fluorescence microscopy, Annexin V/PI double staining by flow cytometry, and DNA ladders formation upon cell treatment with the 2-mOPP showed that this compound induces apoptosis at IC50 value. Cell cycle arrest was observed in the G0/G1 phase, and the sub-G1 cell population (the sign of apoptosis) increased in a time-dependent manner. Low expression levels of Bcl2 and Survivin in K562 cells were observed 24-72 h after treatment. Along with the down-regulation of Survivin and Bcl2, the expression of Bax was increased after treatment with 2-mOPP. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the new pyrazine derivative plays a crucial role in blocking the proliferation of the leukemic cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Rostampour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Eslami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mello-Andrade F, Guedes APM, Pires WC, Velozo-Sá VS, Delmond KA, Mendes D, Molina MS, Matuda L, de Sousa MAM, Melo-Reis P, Gomes CC, Castro CH, Almeida MAP, Menck CFM, Batista AA, Burikhanov R, Rangnekar VM, Silveira-Lacerda E. Ru(II)/amino acid complexes inhibit the progression of breast cancer cells through multiple mechanism-induced apoptosis. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111625. [PMID: 34655962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For some cancer subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer, there are no specific therapies, which leads to a poor prognosis associated with invasion and metastases. Ruthenium complexes have been developed to act in all steps of tumor growth and its progression. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ruthenium (II) complexes coupled to the amino acids methionine (RuMet) and tryptophan (RuTrp) on the induction of cell death, clonogenic survival ability, inhibition of angiogenesis, and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells (human triple-negative breast cancer). The study also demonstrated that the RuMet and RuTrp complexes induce cell cycle blockage and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, as evidenced by an increase in the number of Annexin V-positive cells, p53 phosphorylation, caspase 3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Moreover, morphological changes and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. The RuMet and RuTrp complexes induced DNA damage probably due to reactive oxygen species production related to mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Therefore, the RuMet and RuTrp complexes acted directly on breast tumor cells, leading to cell death and inhibiting their metastatic potential; this reveals the potential therapeutic action of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74055-110, Brazil.
| | - Adriana P M Guedes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wanessa C Pires
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Vivianne S Velozo-Sá
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Kezia A Delmond
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of DNA Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of DNA Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Matuda
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Melo-Reis
- Departament of Biomedicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Clever C Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Márcio Aurélio P Almeida
- Coordination of Science and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of DNA Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; L. P. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Elisângela Silveira-Lacerda
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
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3
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The Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of Nisin Peptide on Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line (K562) As a New Treatment: Inducing Apoptosis by Changing in the Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 Genes. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hanifeh Ahagh M, Dehghan G, Mahdavi M, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Teimuri-Mofrad R, Payami E, Mehdipour M, Rashtbari S. DNA binding ability and cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducing properties of a benzochromene derivative against K562 human leukemia cells. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 40:732-753. [PMID: 34126850 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1937644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromene and its derivatives are generally spread in nature. Heterocylic-based compounds like chromenes have displayed pharmacological activities. Chromene derivatives are critical due to some biological features such as anticancer activity. CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia, is a fatal malignancy determined by resistance to apoptosis and contains the Philadelphia chromosome. Induction of apoptosis is one of the main approaches in cancer therapy. In this research, benzochromene derivative, 2-amino-4-(4-methoxy phenyl)-4H-benzochromene-3-carbonitrile (4-MC) was tested for cytotoxic and apoptotic induction activities in the human leukemic K562 cell line. The MTT growth inhibition assay was used to determine the cellular growth and survival. Moreover, the binding attribute of 4-MC with double helix DNA was assessed by some spectroscopic and viscosity measurement, and also for docking analysis. 4-MC exhibited good cytotoxicity on K562 cell line and the IC50 value was calculated to be 30 µM. Furthermore, the mechanisms of apoptosis induction were determined morphologically by fluorescence dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide and cell cycle analysis was based on DNA content, as well as the presence of phosphatidyl serine on the outside of the cells by the flow cytometric method. The results showed that 4-MC had potent cytotoxic activity via sub-G1 cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. The experimental and simulation studies reported that 4-MC binds to ctDNA through groove binding mode with the binding constant (Kb) of 2.5 × 103 M-1. These data represent a considerable anticancer potential of 4-MC and could be suggested for further pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hanifeh Ahagh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Teimuri-Mofrad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Payami
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehdipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rashtbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Terzi H, Altun A, Şencan M. In vitro comparison of the cytotoxic effects of statins on U266 myeloma cell line. Indian J Med Res 2020; 150:630-634. [PMID: 32048627 PMCID: PMC7038803 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_672_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Statins are one of the most widely used drugs and have antilipidemic effects as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic effects. It has been shown that the synergistic combinations of statins which can provide better clinical benefit in the treatment of cancer and if administered with other anticancer agents, may be an alternative treatment modality. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of administrating statin in multiple myeloma (MM) cell line on cell proliferation. Methods: U266 myeloma cells were cultured in 25 or 75 cm2 flasks by using cell culture medium mixtures obtained with the supplementation of 10 per cent foetal bovine serum and one per cent of penicillin-streptomycin into RPMI 1640 medium. When the cells reached confluence (reached to the density of 70%), they were reproduced by passaging. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the XTT test. Results: Statins (atorvastatin and simvastatin), were administered to the U266 myeloma cell line at 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 μM concentrations. Inhibitor concentration 50 (IC50) values calculated for atorvastatin and simvastatin were determined as 94 and 38 μM, respectively. While 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 μM concentrations were used for bortezomib, the IC50 value calculated for this agent was 18.2 nM. When six concentrations of bortezomib used in the study were combined with 12.5 μM inactive concentrations of statins that did not cause inhibition in cell proliferation, both atorvastatin and simvastatin increased the effect of bortezomib at all the concentrations used, and simvastatin showed a stronger efficacy than atorvastatin. Interpretation & conclusions: Our in vitro results indicated that atorvastatin and simvastatin when used along with the conventional treatment in myeloma patients, may improve the effectiveness of the standard therapy and prevent the bortezomib-induced cytotoxic and neurotoxic side effects when used at a low dose. Further studies need to be done in MM patints to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Terzi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şencan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Bhatti MZ, Ali A, Duong HQ, Chen J, Rahman FU. Anticancer activity and mechanism of bis-pyrimidine based dimetallic Ru(II)(η 6-p-cymene) complex in human non-small cell lung cancer via p53-dependent pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 194:52-64. [PMID: 30831390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer worldwide, which is related with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Notably, ruthenium-based complexes have emerged as good alternative to the currently used platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy. In the present study, we synthesized a novel bis-pyrimidine based ligand 1,3-bis(2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene (L) and used it in the synthesis of a dimetallic Ru(II) cymene complex [(Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl)2(1,3-bis(2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene)] (L-Ru). We checked the stability of this complex in solution state in D2O/DMSO‑d6 mixture and found it to be highly stable under these conditions. We determined the anticancer activity and mechanism of action of L-Ru in human NSCLC A549 and A427 by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and related biological analyses. These results revealed that L-Ru exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the cells proliferation,G0/G1-arrest, accompanied with upregulation of p53, p21, p15, cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein and downregulation of cell cycle markers. L-Ru inhibited cell migration and invasion. The mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of NSCLC induced by L-Ru was also observed followed by the increase of apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X (BAX), and activation of caspase-3/-9. The effects of L-Ru on the cell viability, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells and Annexin V-positive cells apoptosis induction were remarkably attenuated. This complex induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death via caspase-dependent apoptosis involving PARP activation and induction of p53-dependent pathway. These findings suggested that this ruthenium complex might be a potential effective chemotherapeutic agent in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Hong-Quan Duong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Jiwu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
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7
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Magalhães LF, Mello-Andrade F, Pires WC, Silva HD, da Silva PFF, Macedo LM, Henrique de Castro C, Carneiro CC, Cardoso CG, de Melo Reis PR, Camargo de Oliveira L, Caetano RR, Batista AA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppe)]PF6 induces anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis by a mechanism of caspase-dependent involving DNA damage, PARP activation, and Tp53 induction in Ehrlich tumor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:101-113. [PMID: 28935426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimetastatic activities, low toxicity to normal cells and high selectivity for tumor cells make of the ruthenium complexes promising candidates in the search for develop new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic, genotoxic and to elucidate the signaling pathway involved in the death cell process induced by cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6(1) and cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppe)]PF6(2) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in vitro. Moreover, we report for the first time the anti-angiogenic potential on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy controls with an age range of 20-30 years and used to calculate the selectivity index (SI). The complex 2 (IC50 = 8.5 ± 0.4/SI = 6.3) showed high cytotoxic and selectivity index against EAC cells than complex 1 (IC50 = 14.9 ± 0.2/SI = 0.2) using the MTT assay. Complex 2 induced DNA damage on Ehrlich tumor cells at concentrations and time periods evalueted. In consequence, it was observed an increase of Tp53 gene expression, G0/G1-arrest cells, and increased levels of cleaved PARP protein. Beside that, the treatment of EAC with complex 2 led to an increase in Annexin V-positive cells and apoptosis induction by Caspase-7. Additionally, the complex 2 inhibited the angiogenesis caused by Ehrlich tumor cells in CAM model. This complex is active and selective for Ehrlich tumor cells, inducing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death by caspase-dependent apoptosis involving PARP activation (PARP1), and Tp53 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Félix Magalhães
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Carvalho Pires
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Hugo Delleon Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paula Francinete Faustino da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Matuda Macedo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phisiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Castro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phisiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Mutagenesis and Microorganisms Radiobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alzir A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, SãoCarlos, SP CEP 13.565-905, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil.
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Ghasemian M, Mahdavi M, Zare P, Ali Hosseinpour Feizi M. Spiroquinazolinone-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cells: alteration in expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:115-26. [PMID: 25743751 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spiroquinazolinone compounds have been considered as a new series of potent apoptosis-inducing agents. In this study, anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the derivatives from the spiroquinazolinone family were investigated in the human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. The K562 cells were treated with various concentrations of the spiroquinazolinone (10-300 µM) for 3 days and cell viability was determined by MTT growth inhibition assay. 4t-QTC was more active among these compounds with IC50 of 50 ± 3.6 µM and was selected for further studies. Apoptosis, as the mechanism of cell death was investigated morphologically by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) double staining, cell surface expression assay of phosphatidyl serine by Annexin V/PI technique, as well as the formation of DNA ladder. The K562 cells underwent apoptosis upon a single dose (at IC50 value) of the 4t-QTC compound, and over-expressed caspase-3 expression by more than 1.7-fold, following a 72 hr treatment. Furthermore, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that treatment of the K562 cells with 4t-QTC down-regulates and up-regulates the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) and Bax (pro-apoptotic), respectively. Based on the present data, it seems that these compounds from the spiroquinazolinone family are good candidates for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic family acting through induction of apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghasemian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Iran
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Nikolić S, Opsenica DM, Filipović V, Dojčinović B, Aranđelović S, Radulović S, Grgurić-Šipka S. Strong in Vitro Cytotoxic Potential of New Ruthenium–Cymene Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nikolić
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan M. Opsenica
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Filipović
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Aranđelović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Grgurić-Šipka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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The ruthenium complexes cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride and cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate overcome resistance inducing apoptosis on human lung carcinoma cells (A549). Biometals 2014; 27:459-69. [PMID: 24781824 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and non-small cell lung carcinoma accounts for approximately 75-85 % of all lung cancers. In the present work, we studied the antitumor activity of the compound cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride {cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl} against human lung carcinoma tumor cell line A549. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of MDR1 and CYP450 genes in human lung carcinoma cell lines A549 treated with cisCarboPt, cisCRu(III) and cisDRu(III). The ruthenium-based coordinated complexes presented low cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities, with high IC50 values, 196 (±15.49), 472 (±20.29) and 175 (±1.41) for cisCarboPt, cisCRu(III) and cisDRu(III), respectively. The tested compounds induced apoptosis in A549 tumor cells as evidenced by caspase 3 activation, but only at high concentrations. Results also revealed that the amplification of P-gp gene is greater in A549 cells exposed to cisCarboPt and cisCRu(III) than cisDRu(III). Taken together all these results strongly demonstrate that MDR-1 over-expression in A549 cells could be associated to a MDR phenotype of these cells and moreover, it is also contributing to the platinum, and structurally-related compound, resistance in these cells. The identification and characterization of novel mechanisms of drug resistance will enable the development of a new generation of anti-cancer drugs that increase cancer sensitivity and/or represent more effective chemotherapeutic agents.
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de Lima AP, Pereira FDC, Vilanova-Costa CAST, Soares JR, Pereira LCG, Porto HKP, Pavanin LA, Dos Santos WB, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by ruthenium complex cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride in human lung carcinoma cells A549. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:8-15. [PMID: 22144016 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 75-85% of all lung cancers. In the present work, we studied the cytotoxic activity, cell cycle arrest and induction apoptosis of the compound cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride {cis-[RuCl(2)(NH(3))(4)]Cl} in human lung carcinoma tumor cell line A549. The results of MTT and trypan blue assays showed that cis-[RuCl(2)(NH(3))(4)]Cl causes reduction in the viability of A549 cells when treating with 95 and 383 μM of the compound for 48 and 72 h. Lower concentrations of the compound (19, 3.8 and 0.38 μM), however, only slightly affected cell viability. The IC(50) value for the compound was about 383 μM. Survival analysis of the A549 cells after treatment with ruthenium(III) compound using long term clonogenic assay showed that it reduced colony formation ability at concentrations of 0.38 and 3.8 μM, and at concentrations of 95 and 383 μM no colonies were observed. Cell cycle analysis showed that compound ruthenium led to an accumulation of A549 cells in S phase and increased in the sub-G1 peak. In addition, cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride treatment induced apoptosis, as observed by the increased numbers of annexin V-positive cells and increased messenger RNA expression of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliny Pereira de Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas-ICB I- Sala 200- UFG, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Antimicrobial, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of extract, fractions and isolated compounds from the stem of Erythroxylum caatingae plowman. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4124-4140. [PMID: 22605969 PMCID: PMC3344205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, we have examined the antitumor and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract, the fractions, a fraction of total alkaloids and two alkaloids isolated from the stem of Erythroxylum caatingae Plowman. All test fractions, except the hexane fractions, showed antimicrobial activity on gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The acetate: methanol (95:5), acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions show the highest cytotoxicity activity against the NCI-H292, HEp-2 and K562 cell lines using MTT. The absence of hemolysis in the erythrocytes of mice was observed in these fractions and 6β-Benzoyloxy-3α-(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzoyloxy) tropane (catuabine B). Staining with Annexin V-FITC and JC-1 was used to verify the mechanism of action of the compounds of E. caatingae that showed cytotoxicity less than 30 μg/mL in leukemic cells. After 48 h of incubation, we observed that the acetate: methanol (95:5), acetate, and chloroform fractions, as well as the catuabine B, increased in the number of cells in early apoptosis, from 53.0 to 74.8%. An analysis of the potential of the mitochondrial membrane by incorporation of JC-1 showed that most cells during incubation of the acetate: methanol (95:5) and acetate fractions (63.85 and 59.2%) were stained, suggesting the involvement of an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Mikata Y, Yamashita A, Kawata K, Konno H, Itami S, Yasuda K, Tamotsu S. Methoxyquinoline-diethylenetriamine conjugate as a fluorescent zinc sensor. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4976-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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