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Park SY, Sharma R, Lee HI. Thin colorimetric film array for rapid and selective detection of v-type nerve agent mimic in potentially contaminated areas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133064. [PMID: 38011824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The expeditious detection and quantification of V-series nerve agents (VX) on potentially contaminated surfaces are crucial for the prevention of regional conflict incidents, acts of terrorism, or illicit activities. However, the low volatility and high toxicity of VX make these tasks challenging. Herein, we designed two novel colorimetric thin polymeric films to rapidly and sensitively detect demeton-S, a VX mimic, in contaminated areas. The polymeric films were specifically engineered to include a coordination site for Au (III) ions. Initially, these films were coordinated with Au (III), causing a discernible alteration in color due to enhancement in intramolecular charge transfer process. In the presence of demeton-S, the Au (III) ligands in the films are displaced with demeton-S, resulting in the restoration of the original color of the film, as the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer process is inhibited and thereby serving as an indicator of the presence of demeton-S. The polymeric films exhibit remarkable selectivity toward demeton-S compared to G-type nerve agents and other interference. The reusability of the polymeric films for demeton-S detection was achieved owing to the reversibility of the films during the alternative exposure of Au (III) and demeton-S. The polymeric films demonstrated their applicability for demeton-S detection and quantification in several contaminated areas, including different water, soil, and skin, rendering them highly suitable for on-site measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Rini Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Il Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
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Estévez J, Pizarro L, Marsillach J, Furlong C, Sogorb MA, Richter R, Vilanova E. Inhibition with simultaneous spontaneous reactivation and aging of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphorus compounds: Demeton-S-methyl as a model. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110789. [PMID: 37931869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic analysis of esterase inhibition by acylating compounds (organophosphorus, carbamates and sulfonylfluorides) sometimes cannot yield consistent results by fitting simple inhibition kinetic models to experimental data of complex systems. In this work kinetic data were obtained for demeton-S-methyl (DSM) with human acetylcholinesterase in two kinds of experiments: (a) time progressive inhibition with a range of concentrations, (b) progressive spontaneous reactivation starting with pre-inhibited enzyme. DSM is an organophosphorus compound used as pesticide and considered a model for studying the dermal exposure of nerve agents such as VX gas. A kinetic model equation was deduced with four different molecular phenomena occurring simultaneously: (1) inhibition; (2) spontaneous reactivation; (3) aging; and (4) ongoing inhibition (inhibition during the substrate reaction). A 3D fit of the model was applied to analyze the inhibition experimental data. The best-fitting model is compatible with a sensitive enzymatic entity. The second-order rate constant of inhibition (ki = 0.0422 μM-1 min-1), the spontaneous reactivation constant (ks = 0.0202 min-1) and the aging constant (kg = 0.0043 min-1) were simultaneously estimated. As an example for testing the model and approach, it was tested also in the presence of 5 % ethanol (conditions as previously used in the literature), the best fitting model is compatible with two apparent sensitive enzymatic entities (17 % and 83 %) and only one spontaneously reactivates and ages. The corresponding second-order rate constants of inhibition (ki = 0.0354 and 0.0119 μM-1 min-1) and the spontaneous reactivation and aging constants for the less sensitive component (kr = 0.0203 min-1 and kg = 0.0088 min-1) were estimated. The results were also consistent with a significant ongoing inhibition. These parameters were similar to those deduced in spontaneous reactivation experiments of the pre-inhibited samples with DSM in the absence or presence of ethanol. The two apparent components fit was interpreted by an equilibrium between ethanol-free and ethanol-bound enzyme. The consistency of results in inhibition and in spontaneous reactivation experiments was considered an internal validation of the methodology and the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Estévez
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Department of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Luis Pizarro
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Clement Furlong
- Department of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miguel A Sogorb
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rebecca Richter
- Department of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Yin F, Qin Z. Long-Chain Molecules with Agro-Bioactivities and Their Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:5880. [PMID: 37570848 PMCID: PMC10421526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain molecules play a vital role in agricultural production and find extensive use as fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators. This review article specifically addresses the agricultural biological activities and applications of long-chain molecules. The utilization of long-chain molecules in the development of pesticides is an appealing avenue for designing novel pesticide compounds. By offering valuable insights, this article serves as a useful reference for the design of new long-chain molecules for pesticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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de A. Cavalcante SF, Simas ABC, Kuča K. Nerve Agents’ Surrogates: Invaluable Tools for Development of Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190806114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of nerve agents as warfare and in terrorist acts has drawn much attention from the governments and societies. Such toxic organophosphorus compounds are listed in Chemical Weapons Convention as Schedule 1 chemicals. The discussion about the chemical identity of the elusive Novichok agents, more potent compounds than best known G- and V-Agents, which have been implicated in recent rumorous assassination plots, clearly demonstrating the importance of the matter. Furthermore, accidents with pesticides or misuse thereof have been a pressing issue in many countries. In this context, the continued development of novel cholinesterase reactivators, antidotes for organophosphorus poisoning, a rather restricted class of pharmaceutical substances, is warranted. Testing of novel candidates may require use of actual nerve agents. Nonetheless, only a few laboratories comply with the requirements for storing, possession and manipulation of such toxic chemicals. To overcome such limitations, nerve agents’ surrogates may be a useful alternative, as they undergo the same reaction with cholinesterases, yielding similar adducts, allowing assays with novel antidote candidates, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir F. de A. Cavalcante
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro B. C. Simas
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Pohanka M. Determination of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity without dilution of biological samples. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTwo cholinesterases: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), are known. The enzymes are important in the body and alteration of their activity has significant use in the diagnosis of poisoning, liver function, etc. Currently available methods for the determination of cholinesterases have some major drawbacks including various interferences and the inability to be used for decreasing the enzyme activity in the presence of reversible inhibitors due to sample dilution; hence, a method for dilution free assay of cholinesterases is desired. Here, microplates were modified with indoxylacetate (100 μL of 10 mmol L
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Barba-Bon A, Costero AM, Gil S, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R. Chromo-fluorogenic BODIPY-complexes for selective detection of V-type nerve agent surrogates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13289-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05945j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Petrick LM, Sabach S, Dubowski Y. Degradation of VX surrogate profenofos on surfaces via in situ photo-oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8751-8758. [PMID: 23876145 DOI: 10.1021/es4016537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface degradation of profenofos (PF), a VX nerve gas surrogate, was investigated using in situ photo-oxidation that combines simple instrumentation and ambient gases (O2 and H2O) as a function of exposure conditions ([O3], [OH], UV light λ = 185 and/or 254 nm, relative humidity) and PF film surface density (0.38-3.8 g m(-2)). PF film 0.38 g m(-2) fully degraded after 60 min of exposure to both 254 and 185 nm UV light in humidified air and high ozone. The observed pseudo-first-order surface reaction rate constant (kobs = 0.075 ± 0.004 min(-1)) and calculated hydroxyl concentration near the film surface ([OH]g = (9 ± 2) × 10(7) molecules cm(-3)) were used to determine the second-order rate constant for heterogeneous reaction of PF and OH (k(OH)PF = (5 ± 1) × 10(-12) cm(3) molec(-1) s(-1)). PF degradation in the absence of 185 nm light or without humidity was lower (70% or 90% degradation, respectively). With denser PF films ranging from 2.3 to 3.8 g m(-2), only 80% degradation was achieved until the PF droplet was redissolved in acetonitrile which allowed >95% PF degradation. Surface product analysis indicated limited formation of the nontoxic phosphoric acid ester but the formation of nonvolatile chemicals with increased hydrophilicity and addition of OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Petrick
- Technion Center of Excellence in Exposure Science and Environmental Health (TCEEH), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel.
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Estévez J, Barril J, Vilanova E. Kinetics of inhibition of soluble peripheral nerve esterases by PMSF: a non-stable compound that potentiates the organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:767-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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