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Kaur S, Chowdhary S, Kumar D, Bhattacharyya R, Banerjee D. Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides: Molecular toxicology and laboratory testing. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117584. [PMID: 37805177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Population and food requirements are increasing daily throughout the world. To fulfil these requirements application of pesticides is also increasing. Organophosphorous (OP) and Organocarbamate (OC) compounds are widely used pesticides. These pesticides are used for suicidal purposes too. Both inhibit Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinergic symptoms are mainly used for the diagnosis of pesticide poisoning. Although the symptoms of the intoxication of OP and OC are similar, recent research has described different targets for OP and OC pesticides. Researchers believe the distinction of OP/OC poisoning will be beneficial for the management of pesticide exposure. OP compounds produce adducts with several proteins. There is a new generation of OP compounds like glyphosate that do not inhibit AChE. Therefore, it's high time to develop biomarkers that can distinguish OP poisoning from OC poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanpreet Kaur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sheemona Chowdhary
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Rajasri Bhattacharyya
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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2
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Ruiz-Arias MA, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Barrón-Vivanco BS, González-Arias CA, Romero-Bañuelos CA, Verdín-Betancourt FA, Herrera-Moreno JF, Ponce-Vélez G, Gaspar-Ramírez O, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, González FB, Rojas-García AE. The situation of chlorpyrifos in Mexico: a case study in environmental samples and aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6323-6351. [PMID: 37301778 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most commonly used organophosphate pesticides. Because CPF was described as a toxic compound without safe levels of exposure for children, certain countries in Latin America and the European Union have banned or restricted its use; however, in Mexico it is used very frequently. The aim of this study was to describe the current situation of CPF in Mexico, as well as its use, commercialization, and presence in soil, water, and aquatic organisms in an agricultural region of Mexico. Structured questionnaires were applied to pesticide retailers to determine the sales pattern of CPF (ethyl and methyl); in addition, monthly censuses were conducted with empty pesticide containers to assess the CPF pattern of use. Furthermore, samples of soil (48 samples), water (51 samples), and fish (31 samples) were collected, which were analyzed chromatographically. Descriptive statistics were performed. The results indicate that CPF was one of the most sold (3.82%) and employed OP (14.74%) during 2021. Only one soil sample was found above the CPF limit of quantification (LOQ); in contrast, all water samples had CPF levels above the LOQ (x̄ = 4614.2 ng/L of CPF). In the case of fish samples, 6.45% demonstrated the presence of methyl-CPF. In conclusion, the information obtained in this study indicates the need for constant monitoring in the area, since the presence of CPF in soil, water, and fish constitutes a threat to the health of wildlife and humans. Therefore, CPF should be banned in Mexico to avoid a serious neurocognitive health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alfonso Ruiz-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Área de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Unidad Académica de Agricultura. Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, C.P. 63780, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Carlos Alberto Romero-Bañuelos
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Francisco Alberto Verdín-Betancourt
- Unidad Especializada de Ciencias Ambientales, CENITT, Av. Emilio M. González S/N, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Tepic, Nayarit, C.P. 63173, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, Cd. de México, México
| | - Octavio Gaspar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Noreste (CIATEJ), Apodaca, N.L, C.P. 66629, Mexico
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (Residuos de Plaguicidas), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación Y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Unidad Culiacán, C.P. 80110, Mexico
| | - Fernando Bejarano González
- Red de Acción Sobre Plaguicidas y Alternativas en México, A. C. (RAPAM), Amado Nervo 23, Int. 3, Col. San Juanito, C.P. 56121, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, México.
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Silva M, Kwok RKH. Use of Computational Toxicology Tools to Predict In Vivo Endpoints Associated with Mode of Action and the Endocannabinoid System: A Case Study with Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-oxon and Δ9Tetrahydrocannabinol. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100064. [PMID: 35243363 PMCID: PMC8860916 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Di Consiglio E, Pistollato F, Mendoza-De Gyves E, Bal-Price A, Testai E. Integrating biokinetics and in vitro studies to evaluate developmental neurotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in human iPSC-derived neural stem cells undergoing differentiation towards neuronal and glial cells. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:174-188. [PMID: 33011216 PMCID: PMC7772889 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived NSCs undergoing differentiation possess some metabolic competence. CPF entered the cells and was biotrasformed into its two main metabolites (CPFO and TCP). After repeated exposure, very limited bioaccumulation of CPF was observed. Treatment with CPF decreased neurite outgrowth, synapse number and electrical activity. Treatment with CPF increased BDNF levels and the percentage of astrocytes.
For some complex toxicological endpoints, chemical safety assessment has conventionally relied on animal testing. Apart from the ethical issues, also scientific considerations have been raised concerning the traditional approach, highlighting the importance for considering real life exposure scenario. Implementation of flexible testing strategies, integrating multiple sources of information, including in vitro reliable test methods and in vitro biokinetics, would enhance the relevance of the obtained results. Such an approach could be pivotal in the evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), especially when applied to human cell-based models, mimicking key neurodevelopmental processes, relevant to human brain development. Here, we integrated the kinetic behaviour with the toxicodynamic alterations of chlorpyrifos (CPF), such as in vitro endpoints specific for DNT evaluation, after repeated exposure during differentiation of human neural stem cells into a mixed culture of neurons and astrocytes. The upregulation of some cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genes during neuronal differentiation and the formation of the two major CPF metabolites (due to bioactivation and detoxification) supported the metabolic competence of the used in vitro model. The alterations in the number of synapses, neurite outgrowth, brain derived neurotrophic factor, the proportion of neurons and astrocytes, as well as spontaneous electrical activity correlated well with the CPF ability to enter the cells and be bioactivated to CPF-oxon. Overall, our results confirm that combining in vitro biokinetics and assays to evaluate effects on neurodevelopmental endpoints in human cells should be regarded as a key strategy for a quantitative characterization of DNT effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Di Consiglio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Rome, Italy
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Medina-Díaz IM, Ponce-Ruiz N, Ramírez-Chávez B, Rojas-García AE, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Elizondo G, Bernal-Hernández YY. Downregulation of human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) by organophosphate pesticides in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:490-500. [PMID: 26948828 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent esterase synthesized primarily in the liver and secreted into the plasma where it is associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). PON1 hydrolyzes and detoxifies some toxic metabolites of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) such as methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos. Thus, PON1 activity and expression levels are important for determining susceptibility against OPs poisoning. Some studies have demonstrated that OPs can modulate gene expression through interactions with nuclear receptors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on the modulation of PON1 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cells by real-time PCR, PON1 activity assay, and western blot. The results showed that the treatments with methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos decreased PON1 mRNA and immunoreactive protein and increased inflammatory cytokines in HepG2 cells. The effects of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on the downregulation of PON1 gene expression in HepG2 cells may provide evidence of OPs cytotoxicity related to oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. A decrease in the expression of the PON1 gene may increase the susceptibility to OPs intoxication and the risk of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 490-500, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado
| | - Néstor Ponce-Ruiz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit
| | | | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado
| | - Briscia S Barrón-Vivanco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, D.F., México
| | - Yael Y Bernal-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado
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Arteaga-Gómez E, Rodríguez-Levis A, Cortés-Eslava J, Arenas-Huertero F, Valencia-Quintana R, Gómez-Arroyo S. Cytogenotoxicity of selected organophosphate insecticides on HaCaT keratinocytes and NL-20 human bronchial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:174-184. [PMID: 26688254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate insecticides (OI) are widely used. To humans the main routes of exposure are skin and inhalation. For this, keratinocytes (HaCaT) and bronchial cells (NL-20) were used as cell culture models to evaluate the effects of OI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four OI on HaCaT and NL-20 cells: azinphos-methyl, (AM); parathion-methyl (PM); omethoate (OM); and methamidophos (MET). Cells were exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/μL of each. Results showed a decrease in cell viability in both cell lines. Viability of the NL-20 cell line decreased with the three concentrations of OM. All differences were significant (p < 0.05). Genotoxic damage, evaluated through the comet assay, was observed in both cell lines with AM. NL-20 cell line was more sensitive than HaCaT. Higher concentrations of the insecticides except MET, induced cell death. MET caused DNA damage in HaCaT cells at all concentrations. Differences were significant (p < 0.05). Both cell lines revealed the presence of single membrane vacuoles of different sizes when exposed to 1 μg/μL of each insecticide. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed an increase of BN1 gene in HaCaT by effect of AM and MET at 1 μg/μL. In conclusion, all the insecticides induced different levels of cyto and genotoxic effects in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Arteaga-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Levis
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Josefina Cortés-Eslava
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad No. 1, Col. La Loma X, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gómez-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
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Al-Sarar AS, Bayoumi AE, Hussein HI, Abobakr Y. Cytotoxic effects of acephate, ethoprophos, and monocrotophos in CHO-K1 cells. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.996916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Pinto M, Costa PM, Louro H, Costa MH, Lavinha J, Caeiro S, Silva MJ. Determining oxidative and non-oxidative genotoxic effects driven by estuarine sediment contaminants on a human hepatoma cell line. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 478:25-35. [PMID: 24530582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine sediments may be reservoirs of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pollutants, many of which are acknowledged genotoxicants, pro-mutagens and even potential carcinogens for humans. Still, studies aiming at narrowing the gap between ecological and human health risk of sediment-bound contaminant mixtures are scarce. Taking an impacted estuary as a case study (the Sado, SW Portugal), HepG2 (human hepatoma) cells were exposed in vitro for 48 h to extracts of sediments collected from two areas (urban/industrial and Triverine/agricultural), both contaminated by distinct mixtures of organic and inorganic toxicants, among which are found priority mutagens such as benzo[a]pyrene. Comparatively to a control test, extracts of sediments from both impacted areas produced deleterious effects in a dose-response manner. However, sediment extracts from the industrial area caused lower replication index plus higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (concerning total DNA strand breakage and clastogenesis), with emphasis on micronucleus induction. On the other hand, extracts from the rural area induced the highest oxidative damage to DNA, as revealed by the FPG (formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase) enzyme in the Comet assay. Although the estuary, on its whole, has been classified as moderately contaminated, the results suggest that the sediments from the industrial area are significantly genotoxic and, furthermore, elicit permanent chromosome damage, thus potentially being more mutagenic than those from the rural area. The results are consistent with contamination by pro-mutagens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), potentiated by metals. The sediments from the agriculture-influenced area likely owe their genotoxic effects to metals and other toxicants, probably pesticides and fertilizers, and able to induce reactive oxygen species without the formation of DNA strand breakage. The findings suggest that the mixtures of contaminants present in the assayed sediments are genotoxic to HepG2 cells, ultimately providing a useful approach to hazard identification and an effective line-of-evidence in the environmental monitoring of anthropogenically-impacted coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pinto
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P M Costa
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - H Louro
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M H Costa
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - J Lavinha
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Caeiro
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Aberta, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 141, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CENSE - Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M J Silva
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lari P, Rashedinia M, Abnous K, Hosseinzadeh H. Alteration of protein profile in rat liver of animals exposed to subacute diazinon: A proteomic approach. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1419-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Lari
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Qin G, Liu T, Guo Y, Zhang X, Ma E, Zhang J. Effects of chlorpyrifos on glutathione S-transferase in migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 109:1-5. [PMID: 24581378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is a typical organophosphate pesticide and is among the most widely used worldwide. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the effect of chlorpyrifos exposure on glutathione S-transferase in Locusta migratoria. In the present study, chlorpyrifos (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4mgg(-1) body weight) was topically applied in the abdomen of locusts. The GST activity, mRNA levels of ten L. migratoria GSTs and protein levels of four representative GSTs were detected. The results showed that chlorpyrifos treatment caused significant decrease of 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) and p-nitro-benzyl chloride (p-NBC) activities, whereas 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) activity was not altered in locusts. The mRNA levels of seven L. migratoria GSTs, including LmGSTs2, LmGSTs3, LmGSTs4, LmGSTs5, LmGSTs6, LmGSTt1, and LmGSTu1, were decreased after chlorpyrifos exposure. The protein levels of LmGSTs5, LmGSTt1 and LmGSTu1 were significantly decreased at higher doses of chlorpyrifos. However, chlorpyrifos elevated the mRNA and protein expression of LmGSTd1. It indicated that LmGSTd1 might contribute to the resistance of locust to organophosphate pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, whereas the decrease in other GSTs might be an economic compensation by the insect to differentially regulate the expression of enzymes involved in the detoxification of insecticides on the expense of those that are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Qin
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; The College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Cellular impact of combinations of endosulfan, atrazine, and chlorpyrifos on human primary hepatocytes and HepaRG cells after short and chronic exposures. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 30:17-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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