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Chen HQ, Chen DJ, Li Y, Han F, Jiang X, Cao J, Liu JY, Liu WB. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation associated with gene expression regulatory network during 3-methylcholanthrene induced lung cell malignant transformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144839. [PMID: 33545462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) is a typical representative PAH. It has strong toxicity and is a typical chemical carcinogen. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying 3-MCA-induced tumourigenesis are largely unknown. In this study, a model of the 3-MCA-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells was established successfully. The profiles of gene expression and DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation were obtained and analysed with an Illumina HiSeq 4000. A total of 707 genes were found to be significantly up-regulated, and 686 genes were found to be significantly down-regulated. Compared to control cells, 8545 mRNA-associated differentially methylated regions and 15,121 mRNA-associated differentially hydroxymethylated regions in promoters were found to be significantly altered in transformed cells. By using mRNA expression and DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation interaction analysis, 99 differentially expressed genes were identified. Among them, CA9 and EGLN3 were verified to be significantly down-regulated, and CARD6 and LCP1 were shown to be significantly up-regulated, and these genes mainly participated in cell growth, migration and invasion, indicating that these genes were key genes involved in the 3-MCA-induced malignant transformation of HBE cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved mainly in RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, chemical carcinogenesis, base-excision repair (BER), cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, glycerolipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, cAMP signalling pathways and other signalling pathways. Our study suggested that characteristic gene alterations associated with DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation could play important roles in environmental 3-MCA-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Dong-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China; College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China; Department of Emergency, Yun Qiao Hospital, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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Xiao S, Cui S, Lu X, Guan Y, Li D, Liu Q, Cai Y, Jin C, Yang J, Wu S, van der Straaten T. The ERCC2/XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism affects DNA repair of benzo[a]pyrene induced damage, tested in an in vitro model. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:300-308. [PMID: 27139774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important defense mechanism of the body to exogenous carcinogens and mutagens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Genetic polymorphisms in ERCC2/XPD, a critical element in NER, are thought to be associated with individual's cancer susceptibility. Although ERCC2/XPD Lys751Gln (rs13181) is the most studied polymorphism, the impact of this polymorphism on DNA repair capacity to carcinogen remains unclear. In the present study, cDNA clones carrying different genotypes of ERCC2/XPD (Lys751Gln) were introduced into an ERCC2/XPD deficient cell line (UV5) in a well-controlled biological system. After B[a]P treatment, cell growth inhibition rates and DNA damage levels in all cells were detected respectively. As expected, we found that the DNA repair capacity in UV5 cells was restored to levels similar to wildtype parent AA8 cells upon introduction of the cDNA clone of ERCC2/XPD (Lys751). Interestingly, after B[a]P treatment, transfected cells expressing variant ERCC2/XPD (751Gln) showed an enhanced cellular sensitivity and a diminished DNA repair capacity. The wildtype genotype AA (Lys) was found to be associated with a higher DNA repair capacity as compared to its polymorphic genotype CC (Gln). These data indicate that ERCC2/XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism affects DNA repair capacity after exposure to environmental carcinogens such as B[a]P in this well-controlled in vitro system and could act as a biomarker to increase the predictive value to develop cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xiao
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Su Cui
- Dept. of Thoracic Surgery Ward 2, The first Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Yangyang Guan
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Dept. of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tahar van der Straaten
- Dept. Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Cheng YW, Lin FCF, Chen CY, Hsu NY. Environmental exposure and HPV infection may act synergistically to induce lung tumorigenesis in nonsmokers. Oncotarget 2016; 7:19850-62. [PMID: 26918347 PMCID: PMC4991423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of lung tumorigenesis have focused on smokers rather than nonsmokers. In this study, we used human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative lung cancer cells to test the hypothesis that HPV infection synergistically increases DNA damage induced by exposure to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and contributes to lung tumorigenesis in nonsmokers. DNA adduct levels induced by B[a]P in HPV-positive cells were significantly higher than in HPV-negative cells. The DNA adduct formation was dependent on HPV E6 oncoprotein expression. Gene and protein expression of two DNA repair genes, XRCC3 and XRCC5, were lower in B[a]P-treated E6-positive cells than in E6-negative lung cancer cells. The reduced expression was also detected immunohistochemically and was caused by increased promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, mutations of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes in lung cancer patients were associated with XRCC5 inactivation. In sum, our study indicates that HPV E6-induced promoter hypermethylation of the XRCC3 and XRCC5 DNA repair genes and the resultant decrease in their expression increases B[a]P-induced DNA adducts and contributes to lung tumorigenesis in nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank Cheau-Feng Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xing X, Zeng X, Li D, Chen L, Zhu X, He Z, Zhang S, Ma L, Bai Q, Zhang Z, Liu C, Gao C, Li J, Sun X, Zheng Y, Chen W, Xiao Y. Application of human cell transformation assay on assessment of carcinogenic potential of river organic pollutants. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A human cell transformation assay was used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of organic extracts of water pollutants collected from the Jialu River.
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