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Vieira S, Strymecka P, Stanaszek L, Silva-Correia J, Drela K, Fiedorowicz M, Malysz-Cymborska I, Janowski M, Reis RL, Łukomska B, Walczak P, Oliveira JM. Mn-Based Methacrylated Gellan Gum Hydrogels for MRI-Guided Cell Delivery and Imaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040427. [PMID: 37106614 PMCID: PMC10135712 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to engineer a new stable injectable Mn-based methacrylated gellan gum (Mn/GG-MA) hydrogel for real-time monitored cell delivery into the central nervous system. To enable the hydrogel visualization under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), GG-MA solutions were supplemented with paramagnetic Mn2+ ions before its ionic crosslink with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). The resulting formulations were stable, detectable by T1-weighted MRI scans and also injectable. Cell-laden hydrogels were prepared using the Mn/GG-MA formulations, extruded into aCSF for crosslink, and after 7 days of culture, the encapsulated human adipose-derived stem cells remained viable, as assessed by Live/Dead assay. In vivo tests, using double mutant MBPshi/shi/rag2 immunocompromised mice, showed that the injection of Mn/GG-MA solutions resulted in a continuous and traceable hydrogel, visible on MRI scans. Summing up, the developed formulations are suitable for both non-invasive cell delivery techniques and image-guided neurointerventions, paving the way for new therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Vieira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paulina Strymecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luiza Stanaszek
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Malysz-Cymborska
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rui Luís Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Barbara Łukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253510931; Fax: +351-253510909
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Mechanisms of Autoimmune Cell in DA Neuron Apoptosis of Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancement. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7965433. [PMID: 36567855 PMCID: PMC9771667 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7965433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor and nonmotor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain DArgic (DA) neurons. More and more studies have shown that pathological reactions initiated by autoimmune cells play an essential role in the progression of PD. Autoimmune cells exist in the brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges; they are considered inducers of neuroinflammation and regulate the immune in the human brain in PD. For example, T cells can recognize α-synuclein presented by antigen-presenting cells to promote neuroinflammation. In addition, B cells will accelerate the apoptosis of DA neurons in the case of PD-related gene mutations. Activation of microglia and damage of DA neurons even form the self-degeneration cycle to deteriorate PD. Numerous autoimmune cells have been considered regulators of apoptosis, α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation of DA neurons in PD. The evidence is mounting that autoimmune cells promote DA neuron apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and function of B cell, T cell, and microglia as well as NK cell in PD pathogenesis, focusing on DA neuron apoptosis to understand the disease better and propose potential target identification for the treatment in the early stages of PD. However, there are still some limitations in our work, for example, the specific mechanism of PD progression caused by autoimmune cells in mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and autophagy has not been clarified in detail, which needs to be summarized in further work.
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Horning KJ, Tang X, Thomas MG, Aschner M, Bowman AB. Identification of Three Small Molecules That Can Selectively Influence Cellular Manganese Levels in a Mouse Striatal Cell Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041175. [PMID: 33671818 PMCID: PMC7931103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a biologically essential metal, critical as a cofactor for numerous enzymes such a glutamine synthetase and kinases such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Similar to other essential metals such as iron and zinc, proper levels of Mn need to be achieved while simultaneously being careful to avoid excess levels of Mn that can be neurotoxic. A lifetime of occupational exposure to Mn can often lead to a Parkinsonian condition, also known as “manganism”, characterized by impaired gait, muscle spasms, and tremors. Despite the importance of its regulation, the mechanisms underlying the transport and homeostasis of Mn are poorly understood. Rather than taking a protein or gene-targeted approach, our lab recently took a high-throughput-screening approach to identify 41 small molecules that could significantly increase or decrease intracellular Mn in a neuronal cell model. Here, we report characterization of these small molecules, which we refer to as the “Mn toolbox”. We adapted a Fura-2-based assay for measuring Mn concentration and for measuring relative concentrations of other divalent metals: nickel, copper, cobalt, and zinc. Of these 41 small molecules, we report here the identification of three that selectively influence cellular Mn but do not influence the other divalent metals tested. The patterns of activity across divalent metals and the discovery of Mn-selective small molecules has potential pharmacological and scientific utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Horning
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Xueqi Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (X.T.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Morgan G. Thomas
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (X.T.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (X.T.); (M.G.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.B.B.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Livingstone
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Abstract
The understanding of manganese (Mn) biology, in particular its cellular regulation and role in neurological disease, is an area of expanding interest. Mn is an essential micronutrient that is required for the activity of a diverse set of enzymatic proteins (e.g., arginase and glutamine synthase). Although necessary for life, Mn is toxic in excess. Thus, maintaining appropriate levels of intracellular Mn is critical. Unlike other essential metals, cell-level homeostatic mechanisms of Mn have not been identified. In this review, we discuss common forms of Mn exposure, absorption, and transport via regulated uptake/exchange at the gut and blood-brain barrier and via biliary excretion. We present the current understanding of cellular uptake and efflux as well as subcellular storage and transport of Mn. In addition, we highlight the Mn-dependent and Mn-responsive pathways implicated in the growing evidence of its role in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. We conclude with suggestions for future focuses of Mn health-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Horning
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; , ,
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Chen P, Chakraborty S, Peres TV, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Manganese-induced Neurotoxicity: From C. elegans to Humans. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014; 4:191-202. [PMID: 25893090 DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most abundant metals on the earth. It is required for normal cellular activities, but overexposure leads to toxicity. Neurons are more susceptible to Mn-induced toxicity than other cells, and accumulation of Mn in the brain results in Manganism that presents with Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms. In the last decade, a number of Mn transporters have been identified, which improves our understanding of Mn transport in and out of cells. However, the mechanism of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is only partially uncovered, with further research needed to explore the whole picture of Mn-induced toxicity. In this review, we will address recent progress in Mn-induced neurotoxicity from C. elegans to humans, and explore future directions that will help understand the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Correlation between the biochemical pathways altered by mutated parkinson-related genes and chronic exposure to manganese. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:314-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Roth JA, Eichhorn M. Down-regulation of LRRK2 in control and DAT transfected HEK cells increases manganese-induced oxidative stress and cell toxicity. Neurotoxicology 2013; 37:100-7. [PMID: 23628791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extra-pyramidal symptoms associated with manganism often overlap with that seen in Parkinsonism suggesting a common link between the two disorders. Since wide deviations are observed in susceptibility and characteristics of the symptoms observed in manganism, these differences may be due to underlying genetic variability. Genes linked to early onset of Parkinsonism which includes ATP13A2 and parkin have already been suggested to promote development of Mn toxicity. Of the other Parkinson-linked genes, mutations in LRRK2, an autosomal dominant gene, represent another likely candidate involved in the development of manganism. In this paper the effect of shRNA LRRK2 knock-down on Mn toxicity was examined in control and DAT transfected HEK293 cells. Results demonstrate that LRRK2 down-regulation potentiates Mn toxicity in both control and DAT-transfected cell as well as potentiates DA toxicity. Combined treatment of Mn and DA further augments cell toxicity, ROS production and JNK phosphorylation in LRRK2 deficient cells compared to controls. Consistent with studies demonstrating that LRRK2 plays a role in the phosphorylation of p38, our results similarly demonstrate a decrease in p38 activation in LRRK2 knock-down cells. Our findings suggest that null mutations in LRRK2 which cause Parkinsonism potentiate Mn toxicity and increase susceptibility to develop manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal that is pivotal for normal cell function and metabolism. Its homeostasis is tightly regulated; however, the mechanisms of Mn homeostasis are poorly characterized. While a number of proteins such as the divalent metal transporter 1, the transferrin/transferrin receptor complex, the ZIP family metal transporters ZIP-8 and ZIP-14, the secretory pathway calcium ATPases SPCA1 and SPCA2, ATP13A2, and ferroportin have been suggested to play a role in Mn transport, the degree that each of them contributes to Mn homeostasis has still to be determined. The recent discovery of SLC30A10 as a crucial Mn transporter in humans has shed further light on our understanding of Mn transport across the cell. Although essential, Mn is toxic at high concentrations. Mn neurotoxicity has been attributed to impaired dopaminergic (DAergic), glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. As a result of preferential accumulation of Mn in the DAergic cells of the basal ganglia, particularly the globus pallidus, Mn toxicity causes extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. Firstly described as "manganism" in miners during the nineteenth century, this movement disorder resembles Parkinson's disease characterized by hypokinesia and postural instability. To date, a variety of acquired causes of brain Mn accumulation can be distinguished from an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of Mn metabolism caused by mutations in the SLC30A10 gene. Both, acquired and inherited hypermanganesemia, lead to Mn deposition in the basal ganglia associated with pathognomonic magnetic resonance imaging appearances of hyperintense basal ganglia on T1-weighted images. Current treatment strategies for Mn toxicity combine chelation therapy to reduce the body Mn load and iron (Fe) supplementation to reduce Mn binding to proteins that interact with both Mn and Fe. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of Mn homeostasis and the mechanisms of Mn toxicity and highlights the clinical disorders associated with Mn neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tuschl
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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Aboud AA, Tidball AM, Kumar KK, Neely MD, Ess KC, Erikson KM, Bowman AB. Genetic risk for Parkinson's disease correlates with alterations in neuronal manganese sensitivity between two human subjects. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1443-1449. [PMID: 23099318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recessive inheritance of PARK2 mutations is strongly associated with early onset PD (EOPD). It is widely assumed that the influence of PD environmental risk factors may be enhanced by the presence of PD genetic risk factors in the genetic background of individuals. However, such interactions may be difficult to predict owing to the complexities of genetic and environmental interactions. Here we examine the potential of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived early neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to model differences in Mn neurotoxicity between a control subject (CA) with no known PD genetic risk factors and a subject (SM) with biallelic loss-of-function mutations in PARK2 and family history of PD but no evidence of PD by neurological exam. Human iPS cells were generated from primary dermal fibroblasts of both subjects. We assessed several outcome measures associated with Mn toxicity and PD. No difference in sensitivity to Mn cytotoxicity or mitochondrial fragmentation was observed between SM and CA NPCs. However, we found that Mn exposure was associated with significantly higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in SM compared to CA NPCs despite significantly less intracellular Mn accumulation. Thus, this report offers the first example of human subject-specific differences in PD-relevant environmental health related phenotypes that are consistent with pathogenic interactions between known genetic and environmental risk factors for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad A Aboud
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA
| | - Andrew M Tidball
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA
| | - Kevin K Kumar
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology and The Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA
| | - Keith M Erikson
- University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Nutrition Department, Greensboro, NC 27402-6107, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology and The Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA; Vanderbilt Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8552, USA.
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