1
|
Lam SSN, Shi Z, Ip CKM, Wong CKC, Wong AST. Environmental-relevant bisphenol A exposure promotes ovarian cancer stemness by regulating microRNA biogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2792-2803. [PMID: 37610061 PMCID: PMC10494296 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental xenobiotic impacting millions of people worldwide. BPA has long been proposed to promote ovarian carcinogenesis, but the detrimental mechanistic target remains unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the trigger of tumour initiation and progression. Here, we show for the first time that nanomolar (environmentally relevant) concentration of BPA can markedly increase the formation and expansion of ovarian CSCs concomitant. This effect is observed in both oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-defective ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that is independent of the classical ERs. Rather, the signal is mediated through alternative ER G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), but not oestrogen-related receptor α and γ. Moreover, we report a novel role of BPA in the regulation of Exportin-5 that led to dysregulation of microRNA biogenesis through miR-21. The use of GPR30 siRNA or antagonist to inhibit GPR30 expression or activity, respectively, resulted in significant inhibition of ovarian CSCs. Similarly, the CSCs phenotype can be reversed by expression of Exportin-5 siRNA. These results identify for the first time non-classical ER and microRNA dysregulation as novel mediators of low, physiological levels of BPA function in CSCs that may underlie its significant tumour-promoting properties in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S. N. Lam
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology LimitedHong Kong Science and Technology ParksHong KongChina
| | - Zeyu Shi
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology LimitedHong Kong Science and Technology ParksHong KongChina
| | - Carman K. M. Ip
- Cellular Screening CenterUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Alice S. T. Wong
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qian Q, Song J, Pu Q, Chen C, Yan J, Wang H. Acute/chronic exposure to bisphenol A induced immunotoxicity in zebrafish and its potential association with pancreatic cancer risk. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106514. [PMID: 37019016 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that bisphenol A (BPA) induced immune toxicity and affected diseases, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, zebrafish was employed as the model to assess the immunotoxicity and the potential disease risk of BPA exposure. Upon BPA exposure, a series of abnormalities were found, which included the increased oxidative stress, damaged innate and adaptive immune functions and the elevated insulin and blood glucose levels. According to the target prediction and RNA sequencing data of BPA, the differential expression genes were found enriched in immune- and pancreatic cancer-related pathway and process, and the potential role of stat3 in the regulation of these processes was revealed. The key immune- and pancreatic cancer-related genes were selected for further confirmation by RT-qPCR. Based on the changes in the expression levels of these genes, our hypothesis that BPA induced the occurrence of pancreatic cancer by modulating immune responses was further evidenced. Deeper mechanism was further disclosed by molecular dock simulation and survival analysis of key genes, proving that BPA stably bound to STAT3 and IL10 and STAT3 may serve as the target of BPA-inducing pancreatic cancer. These results are of great significance in deepening the molecular mechanism of immunotoxicity induced by BPA and our understanding of the risk assessment of contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR. China
| | - Jie Song
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR. China
| | - Qian Pu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR. China
| | - Chen Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR. China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR. China
| | - Huili Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sundarraj S, Sujitha MV, Alphonse CRW, Kalaiarasan R, Kannan RR. Bisphenol-A alters hematopoiesis through EGFR/ERK signaling to induce myeloblastic condition in zebrafish model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147530. [PMID: 34004533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence from the etiology of cancer studies suggests that a correlation between Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure and alterations in hematopoiesis leads to blood cancer. In our study zebrafish were used to assess the lethality, developmental effect, embryonic apoptosis and changes in transcription factor of hematopoiesis through EGFR/ERK signaling pathways in response to BPA. The in silico interaction of EGFR and BPA was analysed by molecular dynamic simulation. According to our results, BPA induced a significant lethal effect in hatching retardation, reduction in heart rate and teratogenic effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae at three different concentrations 100, 500 and 2500 μg/L. The mortality of adult zebrafish exposed to the acute toxicity of BPA from 5 to 30 mg/L concentrations was determined for 96 h. The peripheral blood cells and vital organs such as kidney, liver and spleen from BPA exposed fish showed predominantly abnormal myeloid blast cells along with severe morphological changes in erythrocytes at sublethal concentration 245 μg/L. The BPA showed the highest binding affinity to zebrafish EGFR with a docking score of -7.5 kcal/mol with an RMSD of 3.0 nm during MD simulation. We found that EGFR/ERK overexpression leads to induce hematopoietic cell proliferation and impaired differentiation, which enhances the myeloid repopulating activity and the accumulation of immature myeloblast cells. BPA also caused a corresponding increase in expression of hematopoietic transcription factor c-MYB and RUNX-1 leading to polychromasia, poikilocytosis, acanthocytes and anisocytosis and promoted myeloblastosis by inhibiting GATA-1 expression. These morphological changes often resulted in the prior condition of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Comprehensively, our data suggest that BPA can trigger the malignancy of AML cells by alteration of respective hematopoietic transcription factors via EGFR/ERK signaling in the zebrafish model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India; Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohanan V Sujitha
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carlton Ranjith Wilson Alphonse
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Retnamony Kalaiarasan
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elmetwally MA, Halawa AA, Tang W, Wu G, Bazer FW. Effects of Bisphenol A on expression of genes related to amino acid transporters, insulin- like growth factor, aquaporin and amino acid release by porcine trophectoderm cells. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:241-248. [PMID: 32710935 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The peri-implantation period of pregnancy is critical for conceptus development, implantation, and signaling for establishment of pregnancy. This study evaluated the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on proliferation, adhesion, and migration of porcine trophectoderm (pTr2) cells, expression of transporters of arginine and synthesis of amino acids. All concentrations of BPA decreased proliferation and adhesion of pTr2 cells after 96 h compared to the control group. Lower concentrations of BPA (1 × 10-9, 1 × 10-8, 10-7M) increased (P < 0.05), but higher concentrations of BPA (1 × 10-5, 1 × 10-4 M) decreased migration of pTr2 cells. BPA increased expression of SLC7A1 mRNA at lower concentrations (1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-6M) and SL7A6, another cationic acid transporter, at higher concentrations (1 × 10-5, 1 × 10-4 M). BPA also down-regulated the expression of IGF1 and IGF1 receptor at concentrations of 1 × 10-7 to 1 × 10-4 M compared to the control group. The expression of mRNAs for aquaporins (AQP) 3 and 4 were reduced at all concentrations of BPA, but at lower concentrations of BPA, (1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-8M) expression of AQP9 mRNA increased and the expression of AQP11 was not affected by BPA (P > 0.05). There was an inhibitory effect of BPA on the release of synthesis of asparagine, threonine, taurine, tryptophan, and ornithine into the culture medium by pTr2 cells. Collectively, BPA adversely affected the expression of transporters for cationic amino acids like arginine, as well as AQPs, IGF1, and IGF1R associated with proliferation, migration, and adhesion of pTr2 cells. Those adverse effects would likely increase pregnancy losses during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Department of Animal Science, United States; Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amal A Halawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wanjin Tang
- Department of Animal Science, United States; Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, United States; Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, United States; Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meli R, Monnolo A, Annunziata C, Pirozzi C, Ferrante MC. Oxidative Stress and BPA Toxicity: An Antioxidant Approach for Male and Female Reproductive Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E405. [PMID: 32397641 PMCID: PMC7278868 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a non-persistent anthropic and environmentally ubiquitous compound widely employed and detected in many consumer products and food items; thus, human exposure is prolonged. Over the last ten years, many studies have examined the underlying molecular mechanisms of BPA toxicity and revealed links among BPA-induced oxidative stress, male and female reproductive defects, and human disease. Because of its hormone-like feature, BPA shows tissue effects on specific hormone receptors in target cells, triggering noxious cellular responses associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. As a metabolic and endocrine disruptor, BPA impairs redox homeostasis via the increase of oxidative mediators and the reduction of antioxidant enzymes, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, alteration in cell signaling pathways, and induction of apoptosis. This review aims to examine the scenery of the current BPA literature on understanding how the induction of oxidative stress can be considered the "fil rouge" of BPA's toxic mechanisms of action with pleiotropic outcomes on reproduction. Here, we focus on the protective effects of five classes of antioxidants-vitamins and co-factors, natural products (herbals and phytochemicals), melatonin, selenium, and methyl donors (used alone or in combination)-that have been found useful to counteract BPA toxicity in male and female reproductive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Anna Monnolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Q, He Q, Zhuang L, Wang K, Yin C, He L. IP10-CDR3 Reduces The Viability And Induces The Apoptosis Of Ovarian Cancer Cells By Down-Regulating The Expression Of Bcl-2 And Caspase 3. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9697-9706. [PMID: 32009802 PMCID: PMC6859960 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s209757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effects of interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP10) and complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of T cells receptor on ovarian cancer cells and the involved mechanisms. METHODS IP10 and CDR3 were linked with single-chain antibody (scfv) and exotoxin gene muton of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PE40) to construct IP10-CDR3scfv and IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv. Then, we constructed pcDNA3.1-IP10-CDR3scfv and pcDNA3.1-IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv plasmids which were proved by HindIII/EcoRI digestion. SKOV3 cells and HOSEpiC cells were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled IP10-CDR3scfv and IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv proteins and protein levels were examined by flow cytometry. After gene transfection, SKOV3 cells were divided into four groups: Control, pcDNA3.1(+) negative control (NC) (pcDNA3.1(+) NC transfection), IP10-CDR3scfv (IP10-CDR3scfv transfection) and IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv (IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv transfection). Levels of IP10, CDR3, Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were investigated by CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, respectively. RESULTS The levels of FITC-labeled IP10-CDR3scfv and IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv proteins in the SKOV3+IP10-CDR3scfv group and the SKOV3+IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv group were remarkably higher than that in the SKOV3 group (P<0.05). So was the HOSEpiC related groups. There was no obvious difference in the levels of IP10, CDR3, Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 between the control group and the pcDNA3.1(+) NC group. However, compared with the control group, the levels of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were reduced notably and the levels of IP10, CDR3 and cleaved Caspase-3 were elevated sharply in the IP10-CDR3scfv and IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv groups (P<0.05). The control group and the pcDNA3.1(+) NC group demonstrated similar cell viability and apoptosis. However, compared with the control group, cell viability in the IP10-CDR3scfv and IP10-CDR3-PE40scfv groups decreased significantly and cell apoptosis increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION IP10-CDR3 could reduce the viability and induce the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linsheng He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330006, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gnatyshyna L, Falfushynska H, Horyn O, Khoma V, Martinyuk V, Mishchuk O, Mishchuk N, Stoliar O. Biochemical responses of freshwater mussel Unio tumidus to titanium oxide nanoparticles, Bisphenol A, and their combination. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:923-937. [PMID: 31401716 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple interactions between different pollutants in the surface waters can cause unpredictable consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effect of two widespread xenobiotics, titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) and bisphenol A (BPA), on freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus. The specimens were exposed for 14 days to TiCl4 (Ti, 1.25 µM), TiO2 (1.25 μM), BPA (0.88 nM), or their combination (TiO2 + BPA). Every type of exposure resulted in a particular oxidative stress response: TiO2 had antioxidant effect, decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phenoloxidase (PhO) activity, and doubling reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in the digestive gland; Ti caused oxidative changes by increasing levels of ROS, PhO and superoxide dismutase; BPA decreased the GSH level by a factor of two. In the co-exposure treatment, these indices as well as lysosomal membrane stability were not affected. All Ti-containing exposures caused elevated levels of metalated metallothionein (Zn,Cu-MT), its ratio to total metallothionein protein, and lactate/pyruvate ratio. Both BPA-containing exposures decreased caspase-3 activity. All exposures, and particularly co-exposure, up-regulated CYP450-dependent oxidation, lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin accumulation, lysosomal cathepsin D and its efflux, as well as alkali-labile phosphates in gonads and caused DNA instability (except for TiO2). To summarize, co-exposure to TiO2 + BPA produced an overlap of certain individual responses but strengthened the damage. Development of water purification technologies using TiO2 requires further studies of the biological effects of its mixtures. U. tumidus can serve as a sentinel organism in such studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesya Gnatyshyna
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horyn
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Vira Khoma
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Viktoria Martinyuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | | | - Natalia Mishchuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahman MS, Pang MG. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of bisphenol A action in spermatozoa. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2019; 46:99-106. [PMID: 31484226 PMCID: PMC6736506 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2019.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is capable of interfering with the normal function of the endocrine system in the body. Exposure to this chemical from BPA-containing materials and the environment is associated with deleterious health effects, including male reproductive abnormalities. A search of the literature demonstrated that BPA, as a toxicant, directly affects the cellular oxidative stress response machinery. Because of its hormone-like properties, it can also bind with specific receptors in target cells. Therefore, the tissue-specific effects of BPA mostly depend on its endocrine-disrupting capabilities and the expression of those particular receptors in target cells. Although studies have shown the possible mechanisms of BPA action in various cell types, a clear consensus has yet to be established. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of BPA action in spermatozoa by compiling existing information in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nyasani E, Munir I, Perez M, Payne K, Khan S. Linking obesity-induced leptin-signaling pathways to common endocrine-related cancers in women. Endocrine 2019; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30218381 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to many major diseases and cancers. Women have higher rates of obesity and obesity is linked to commonly occurring cancers in women. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the unique mechanism(s) involved in each type of cancer. The objective of this review is to highlight the need for novel experimental approaches and a better understanding of the common and unique pathways to resolve controversies regarding the role of obesity in cancer. In women, there is a link between hormones and obesity-associated genes in cancer development. Leptin is an obesity-associated gene that has been studied extensively in cancers; however, whether the defect is in the leptin gene or in its signaling pathways remains unclear. Both leptin and its receptor have been positively correlated with cancer progression in some endocrine-related cancers in women. This review offers an up-to-date and cohesive review of both upstream and downstream pathways of leptin signaling in cancer and a comprehensive picture of cancer pathogenesis in light of current evidence of leptin effects in several major types of cancer. This work is intended to aid in the design of better therapeutic strategies for obese/overweight women with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Nyasani
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Iqbal Munir
- Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Mia Perez
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The molecular mechanisms of action of the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A in the development of cancer. Gene 2018; 647:235-243. [PMID: 29317319 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous substance or mixture that alters the function of the endocrine system and consequently causes adverse effects in intact organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals is a carbon-based synthetic compound used in the production of water bottles, cans, and teeth suture materials. It is known to be a xenoestrogen as it interacts with estrogen receptors and acts as agonist or antagonist via estrogen receptor-dependent signaling pathways. BPA has been associated with serious health effects in humans and wildlife. It elicits several endocrine disorders and plays a role in the pathogenesis of several hormone-dependent tumors such as breast, ovarian, prostate cancer and others. More complicate to this picture, its effects rely on several and diverse molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that converge upon endocrine and reproductive systems. The present review gives an overview of general hazards of BPA, its epigenetic modifications and the molecular mechanisms of BPA action in different types of cancers as the increase in information about responses and action mechanisms of BPA may bring a better understanding of the risks of BPA exposure in humans and provide an important platform on which human health can be improved.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cuomo D, Porreca I, Cobellis G, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Falco G, Nardone A, Rizzo F, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Carcinogenic risk and Bisphenol A exposure: A focus on molecular aspects in endoderm derived glands. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:20-34. [PMID: 28111205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence associates the exposure to Bisphenol A with the increase of cancer risk in several organs, including prostate. BPA targets different pathways involved in carcinogenicity including the Nuclear Receptors (i.e. estrogen and androgen receptors), stress regulated proteins and, finally, epigenetic changes. Here, we analyse BPA-dependent carcinogenesis in endoderm-derived glands, thyroid, liver, pancreas and prostate focusing on cell signalling, DNA damage repair pathways and epigenetic modifications. Mainly, we gather molecular data evidencing harmful effects at doses relevant for human risk (low-doses). Since few molecular data are available, above all for the pancreas, we analysed transcriptomic data generated in our laboratory to suggest possible mechanisms of BPA carcinogenicity in endoderm-derived glands, discussing the role of nuclear receptors and stress/NF-kB pathways. We evidence that an in vitro toxicogenomic approach might suggest mechanisms of toxicity applicable to cells having the same developmental origin. Although we cannot draw firm conclusions, published data summarized in this review suggest that exposure to BPA, primarily during the developmental stages, represents a risk for carcinogenesis of endoderm-derived glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cuomo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Gilda Cobellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sez. Bozzatti, II University of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi XY, Wang Z, Liu L, Feng LM, Li N, Liu S, Gao H. Low concentrations of bisphenol A promote human ovarian cancer cell proliferation and glycolysis-based metabolism through the estrogen receptor-α pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:361-367. [PMID: 28709040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most prevalent chemicals in many products used on a daily basis, making human exposure to it incredibly pervasive and raising concerns about its health consequences. One area of research focus has been the role of BPA exposure in promoting the development of ovarian cancer; however, the doses used in most of previous studies are relatively high and most likely exceed physiologically relevant levels. At the same time, few studies have described potential mechanisms underlying the link between BPA and increased cancer risk. To address these concerns we investigated the mechanism(s) by which low concentrations of BPA promote proliferation and energy metabolism in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3. We found that even sub-toxic BPA concentrations not only drove increased OVCAR-3 cell proliferation but also promoted glycolysis-based metabolism, as evidenced by elevated cell viability, accelerated cell proliferation, increased levels of intracellular ATP, lactate, and pyruvic acid. Importantly, all of these effects were estrogen receptor α (ERα) dependent, as siRNA-mediated ERα silencing decreased BPA-induced proliferation, pinpointing the crucial role of ERα-conducted signaling in BPA-induced biological effects. Together, our findings revealed a new mechanism through which BPA promoted cell proliferation by reinforcing glycolysis-based energy production dependent on ER signaling. This study would thus open a new path to understand BPA-induced biological effects on tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Shi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li-Min Feng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A transgenic mouse model expressing an ERα folding biosensor reveals the effects of Bisphenol A on estrogen receptor signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34788. [PMID: 27721470 PMCID: PMC5056407 DOI: 10.1038/srep34788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) plays an important role in normal and abnormal physiology of the human reproductive system by interacting with the endogenous ligand estradiol (E2). However, other ligands, either analogous or dissimilar to E2, also bind to ERα. This may create unintentional activation of ER signaling in reproductive tissues that can lead to cancer development. We developed a transgenic mouse model that constitutively expresses a firefly luciferase (FLuc) split reporter complementation biosensor (NFLuc-ER-LBDG521T-CFLuc) to simultaneously evaluate the dynamics and potency of ligands that bind to ERα. We first validated this model using various ER ligands, including Raloxifene, Diethylstilbestrol, E2, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, by employing FLuc-based optical bioluminescence imaging of living mice. We then used the model to investigate the carcinogenic property of Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, by long-term exposure at full and half environmental doses. We showed significant carcinogenic effects on female animals while revealing activated downstream ER signaling as measured by bioluminescence imaging. BPA induced tumor-like outgrowths in female transgenic mice, histopathologically confirmed to be neoplastic and epithelial in origin. This transgenic mouse model expressing an ERα folding-biosensor is useful in evaluation of estrogenic ligands and their downstream effects, and in studying environmental estrogen induced carcinogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
|
14
|
Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on onset and development of female reproductive disorders and hormone-related cancer. Reprod Biol 2016; 16:243-254. [PMID: 27692877 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to chemical substances designated as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their ability to disturb endocrine (hormonal) activity in humans and animals, may contribute to problems with fertility, pregnancy, and other aspects of reproduction. The presence of EDCs has already been associated with reproductive malfunction in wildlife species, but it remains difficult to prove causal relationships between the presence of EDCs and specific reproductive problems in vivo, especially in females. On the other hand, the increasing number of experiments with laboratory animals and in vitro research indicate the ability of different EDCs to influence the normal function of female reproductive system, and even their association with cancer development or progression. Research shows that EDCs may pose the greatest risk during prenatal and early postnatal development when organ and neural systems are forming. In this review article, we aim to point out a possible contribution of EDCs to the onset and development of female reproductive disorders and endocrine-related cancers with regard to the period of exposure to EDCs and affected endpoints (organs or processes).
Collapse
|
15
|
Rahman MS, Kwon WS, Yoon SJ, Park YJ, Ryu BY, Pang MG. A novel approach to assessing bisphenol-A hazards using an in vitro model system. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:577. [PMID: 27507061 PMCID: PMC4977886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the toxicological impacts of the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A (BPA) have been studied extensively, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Eventually, no standard method exists for evaluating the possible health hazards of BPA exposure. Considering mice spermatozoa as a potential in vitro model, we investigated the effects of BPA exposure (0.0001, 0.01, 1, and 100 μM for 6 h) on spermatozoa and the related mechanisms of action. The same doses were also employed to evaluate protein profiles of spermatozoa as a means to monitor their functional affiliation to diseases. Results Our results demonstrated that high concentrations of BPA negatively affect sperm motility, viability, mitochondrial functions, and intracellular ATP levels by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase-A pathways. Moreover, short-term exposure of spermatozoa to high concentrations of BPA induced differential expressions of 24 proteins. These effects appeared to be caused by protein degradation and phosphorylation in spermatozoa. Proteins differentially expressed in spermatozoa from BPA treatment groups are putatively involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, mainly cancer, carcinoma, neoplasm, and infertility. Conclusions Based on these results, we propose that BPA adversely affects sperm function by the activation of several kinase pathways in spermatozoa. In addition, BPA-induced changes in the sperm proteome might be partly responsible for the observed effects in spermatozoa, subsequently involve in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Therefore, we anticipated that current strategy might broadly consider for the health hazards assessment of other toxicological agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2979-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do, 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rak A, Drwal E, Wróbel A, Gregoraszczuk EŁ. Resistin is a survival factor for porcine ovarian follicular cells. Reproduction 2015; 150:343-55. [PMID: 26159832 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the expression of resistin in the porcine ovary, the regulation of its expression and its direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of resistin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in a co-culture model of porcine granulosa and theca cells. First, we analysed the effect of resistin at 1 and 10 ng/ml alone or in combination with FSH- and IGF1 on ovarian cell proliferation with an alamarBlue assay and protein expression of cyclins A and B using western blot. Next, the mRNA and protein expression of selected pro-apoptotic and pro-survival regulators of cell apoptosis, caspase-9, -8 and -3 activity and DNA fragmentation using real time PCR, western blot, fluorescent assay and an ELISA kit, respectively, were analysed after resistin treatment. Furthermore, we determined the effect of resistin on the protein expression of ERK1/2, Stat and Akt kinase. Using specific inhibitors of these kinases, we also checked caspase-3 activity and protein expression. We found that resistin, at both doses, has no effect on cell proliferation. The results showed that resistin decreased pro-apoptotic genes, which was confirmed on protein expression of selected factors. We demonstrate an inhibitory effect of resistin on caspase activity and DNA fragmentation. Finally, resistin stimulated phosphorylation of the ERK1/2, Stat and Akt and kinases inhibitors reversed resistin action on caspase-3 activity and protein expression to control. All of these results showed that resistin has an inhibitory effect on porcine ovarian cell apoptosis by activation of the MAPK/ERK, JAK/Stat and Akt/PI3 kinase signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Eliza Drwal
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Wróbel
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Łucja Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ptak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Effects of bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol on vascular endothelial growth factor A and its receptor expression in the non-cancer and cancer ovarian cell lines. Cell Biol Toxicol 2015; 31:187-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-015-9303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Gao H, Yang BJ, Li N, Feng LM, Shi XY, Zhao WH, Liu SJ. Bisphenol A and hormone-associated cancers: current progress and perspectives. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e211. [PMID: 25569640 PMCID: PMC4602822 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a carbon-based synthetic compound, exhibits hormone-like properties and is present ubiquitously in the environment and in human tissues due to its widespread use and biological accumulation. BPA can mimic estrogen to interact with estrogen receptors α and β, leading to changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, or migration and thereby, contributing to cancer development and progression. At the genetic level, BPA has been shown to be involved in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Moreover, BPA may also interact with other steroid receptors (such as androgen receptor) and plays a role in prostate cancer development. This review summarizes the current literature regarding human exposure to BPA, the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPA, and the role of BPA in hormone-associated cancers of the breast, ovary, and prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- From the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (HG, B-JY, LMF, X-YS, W-HZ), Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Gynecology (NL), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology (S-JL), Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ptak A, Hoffmann M, Gruca I, Barć J. Bisphenol A induce ovarian cancer cell migration via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:357-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Park J, Morley TS, Kim M, Clegg DJ, Scherer PE. Obesity and cancer--mechanisms underlying tumour progression and recurrence. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:455-465. [PMID: 24935119 PMCID: PMC4374431 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, the field of cancer research has directed increased interest towards subsets of obesity-associated tumours, which include mammary, renal, oesophageal, gastrointestinal and reproductive cancers in both men and women. The increased risk of breast cancer that is associated with obesity has been widely reported; this has drawn much attention and as such, warrants investigation of the key mechanisms that link the obese state with cancer aetiology. For instance, the obese setting provides a unique adipose tissue microenvironment with concomitant systemic endocrine alterations that favour both tumour initiation and progression. Major metabolic differences exist within tumours that distinguish them from non-transformed healthy tissues. Importantly, considerable metabolic differences are induced by tumour cells in the stromal vascular fraction that surrounds them. The precise mechanisms that underlie the association of obesity with cancer and the accompanying metabolic changes that occur in the surrounding microenvironment remain elusive. Nonetheless, specific therapeutic agents designed for patients with obesity who develop tumours are clearly needed. This Review discusses recent advances in understanding the contributions of obesity to cancer and their implications for tumour treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|