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Akanchise T, Angelova A. Ginkgo Biloba and Long COVID: In Vivo and In Vitro Models for the Evaluation of Nanotherapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051562. [PMID: 37242804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infections are neuroinvasive and can provoke injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and long-term illness consequences. They may be associated with inflammatory processes due to cellular oxidative stress and an imbalanced antioxidant system. The ability of phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as Ginkgo biloba, to alleviate neurological complications and brain tissue damage has attracted strong ongoing interest in the neurotherapeutic management of long COVID. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb) contains several bioactive ingredients, e.g., bilobalide, quercetin, ginkgolides A-C, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and luteolin. They have various pharmacological and medicinal effects, including memory and cognitive improvement. Ginkgo biloba, through its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, impacts cognitive function and other illness conditions like those in long COVID. While preclinical research on the antioxidant therapies for neuroprotection has shown promising results, clinical translation remains slow due to several challenges (e.g., low drug bioavailability, limited half-life, instability, restricted delivery to target tissues, and poor antioxidant capacity). This review emphasizes the advantages of nanotherapies using nanoparticle drug delivery approaches to overcome these challenges. Various experimental techniques shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress response in the nervous system and help comprehend the pathophysiology of the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To develop novel therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems, several methods for mimicking oxidative stress conditions have been used (e.g., lipid peroxidation products, mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, and models of ischemic brain damage). We hypothesize the beneficial effects of EGb in the neurotherapeutic management of long-term COVID-19 symptoms, evaluated using either in vitro cellular or in vivo animal models of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Akanchise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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Li Y, Wang K, Zhu X, Cheng Z, Zhu L, Murray M, Zhou F. Ginkgo biloba extracts protect human retinal Müller glial cells from t-BHP induced oxidative damage by activating the AMPK-Nrf2-NQO-1 axis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:385-396. [PMID: 36583518 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retinal Müller glial cell loss is almost involved in all retinal diseases, especially diabetic retinopathy (DR). Oxidative stress significantly contributes to the development of Müller glial cell loss. Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE) have been reported to possess antioxidant property, beneficial in treating human retinal diseases. However, little is known about its role in Müller glial cells. This study investigated the protective effect of GBE (prepared from ginkgo biloba dropping pills) in human Müller glial cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS MIO-M1 cells were pretreated with or without GBE prior to the exposure to t-BHP-induced oxidative stress. Cell viability, cell death profile and lipid peroxidation were subsequently assessed. Protein expression of the key anti-oxidative signalling factors were investigated. KEY FINDINGS We showed that GBE can effectively protect human MIO-M1 cells from t-BHP-induced oxidative injury by improving cell viability, reducing intracellular ROS accumulation and suppressing lipid peroxidation, which effect is likely mediated through activating AMPK-Nrf2-NQO-1 antioxidant respondent axis. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to reveal the great potentials of GBE in protecting human retinal Müller glial cell loss against oxidative stress. GBE might be used to prevent human retinal diseases particularly DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214063, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214063, China
| | - Zhengqi Cheng
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, 2006, Australia
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3
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1689-1699. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hurtado-Carneiro V, Dongil P, Pérez-García A, Álvarez E, Sanz C. Preventing Oxidative Stress in the Liver: An Opportunity for GLP-1 and/or PASK. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122028. [PMID: 34943132 PMCID: PMC8698360 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver’s high metabolic activity and detoxification functions generate reactive oxygen species, mainly through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of hepatocytes. In contrast, it also has a potent antioxidant mechanism for counterbalancing the oxidant’s effect and relieving oxidative stress. PAS kinase (PASK) is a serine/threonine kinase containing an N-terminal Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain, able to detect redox state. During fasting/feeding changes, PASK regulates the expression and activation of critical liver proteins involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, the functional inactivation of PASK prevents the development of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and diabetes. In addition, PASK deficiency alters the activity of other nutrient sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition to the expression and subcellular localization of nicotinamide-dependent histone deacetylases (SIRTs). This review focuses on the relationship between oxidative stress, PASK, and other nutrient sensors, updating the limited knowledge on the role of PASK in the antioxidant response. We also comment on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its collaboration with PASK in preventing the damage associated with hepatic oxidative stress. The current knowledge would suggest that PASK inhibition and/or exendin-4 treatment, especially under fasting conditions, could ameliorate disorders associated with excess oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Hurtado-Carneiro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pilar Dongil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Pérez-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (A.P.-G.); (E.Á.)
| | - Carmen Sanz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Liu H, Johnston LJ, Wang F, Ma X. Triggers for the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Its Nutritional Regulation: Potential Therapeutic Applications of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111411. [PMID: 34768841 PMCID: PMC8583850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), which affects millions of people worldwide, is characterized by extensive colonic injury involving mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in cellular protection against oxidant-induced stress. Antioxidant response element (ARE) is the binding site recognized by Nrf2 and leads to the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins. The Nrf2/ARE system is a key factor for preventing and resolving tissue injury and inflammation in disease conditions such as UC. Researchers have proposed that both Keap1-dependent and Keap1-independent cascades contribute positive effects on activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on mechanisms controlling the activation process. We will further review nutritional compounds that can modulate activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and may be used as potential therapeutic application of UC. These comprehensive data will help us to better understand the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and promote its effective application in response to common diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Lee J. Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA;
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.L.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Mhillaj E, Cuomo V, Trabace L, Mancuso C. The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase System as Effector of the Neuroprotective Outcomes of Herb-Based Nutritional Supplements. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1298. [PMID: 31780933 PMCID: PMC6859463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, several preclinical studies have shown that some herbal products, such as ferulic acid, Ginkgo biloba, and resveratrol, exert neuroprotective effects through the modulation of the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system. Unfortunately, sufficient data supporting the shift of knowledge from preclinical studies to humans, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases, are not yet available in the literature. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies and the main results achieved on the potential therapeutic role of the interaction between the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system with ferulic acid, G. biloba, and resveratrol. Some critical issues have also been reported, mainly concerning the safety profile and the toxicological sequelae associated to the supplementation with the herbs mentioned above, based on both current literature and specific reports issued by the competent Regulatory Authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mhillaj
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Wang L, Xie Y, Yang W, Yang Z, Jiang S, Zhang C, Zhang G. Alfalfa polysaccharide prevents H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in MEFs by activating MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways and suppressing NF-κB signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1782. [PMID: 30742052 PMCID: PMC6370797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa polysaccharide (APS) is a bioactive component extracted from alfalfa that exhibits potent antioxidant properties. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these properties remain unclear. To explore the molecular mechanism by which APS exerts antioxidant effects, an H2O2-induced oxidative stress mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) model was established. Cell proliferation, antioxidant enzyme activity, immune cytokine expression, and related protein expression were examined in APS-supplemented or non-supplemented conditions. The results suggested that APS strengthened the antioxidative capacity of MEFs, increasing cell proliferation, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). In addition, APS reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 as well as expression of the proinflammatory gene retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). APS was also able to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which promoted the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the nucleus. However, expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was decreased after APS treatment. Overall, these results suggest that APS relieves H2O2-induced oxidative stress in MEFs by activating MAPK/Nrf2 signaling and suppressing NF-κB signaling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to link APS with MAPK/Nrf2, NF-κB and RIG-I, thus providing new perspectives regarding the mechanisms of the antioxidant activity of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhuai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Weiren Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chongyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Guiguo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
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Digoxin sensitizes gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via inhibiting Nrf2 signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101131. [PMID: 30735911 PMCID: PMC6365940 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major therapeutic obstacle in the treatment of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As an oxidative stress responsive transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 not only plays a critical role in chemoprevention, but also contributes to chemoresistance. In this study, we found that digoxin markedly reversed drug resistance of gemcitabine by inhibiting Nrf2 signaling in SW1990/Gem and Panc-1/Gem cells. Further research revealed that digoxin regulated Nrf2 at transcriptional level. In in vivo study, we found that digoxin and gemcitabine in combination inhibited tumor growth more substantially when compared with gemcitabine treatment alone in SW1990/Gem-shControl cells-derived xenografts. In the meantime, SW1990/Gem-shNrf2 cells-derived xenografts responded to gemcitabine and combination treatment similarly, suggesting that digoxin sensitized gemcitabine-resistant human pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine, which was Nrf2 dependent. These results demonstrated that digoxin might be used as a promising adjuvant sensitizer to reverse chemoresistance of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine via inhibiting Nrf2 signaling. Digoxin could reverse drug resistance of gemcitabine in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Digoxin significantly inhibited Nrf2 signaling in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Digoxin-mediated reversing drug resistance of gemcitabine in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells was Nrf2 dependent.
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Pas Kinase Deficiency Triggers Antioxidant Mechanisms in the Liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13810. [PMID: 30217996 PMCID: PMC6138710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction in the liver is the cause of numerous pathologies, which are associated with an altered redox state. PASK (PAS Domain Kinase) is a nutrient and bioenergetic sensor. We contend that PASK could act as an oxidative stress sensor in liver and/or control the metabolic balance, playing a role in the mitochondrial homeostasis. Using PASK-deficient mice, we observed that PASK deficiency promotes antioxidant response mechanisms: a lower production of ROS/RNS under non-fasting conditions, overexpression of genes coding to ROS-detoxifying enzymes and mitochondrial fusion proteins (MnSod Gpx, Mfn1 and Opa1), coactivator Ppargc1a, transcription factors (Pparg and FoxO3a) and deacetylase Sirt1. Also, under fasting conditions, PASK deficiency induced the overexpression of Ppargc1a, Ppara, Pparg, FoxO3a and Nrf2 leading to the overexpression of genes coding to antioxidant enzymes such as MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, GPx, HO1 and GCLm. Additionally, inducing PINK1 involved in cell survival and mitophagy. These changes kept ROS steady levels and improved the regenerative state. We suggest a new role for PASK as a controller of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in the liver. In fact, antioxidant response is PASK dependent. PASK-targeting could therefore be a good way of reducing the oxidative stress in order to prevent or treat liver diseases.
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Al-Waili N, Al-Waili H, Al-Waili T, Salom K. Natural antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy; a potential approach that warrants clinical trials. Redox Rep 2017; 22:99-118. [PMID: 28276289 PMCID: PMC6837693 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1297885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and effective and new therapeutic approaches are needed in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammatory process are important factors contributing to kidney damage by increasing production of oxidants. KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway regulates the transcription of many antioxidant genes and modulation of the pathway up regulates antioxidants. NFB controls the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Natural substances have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and have an impact on NFB and KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathways. The preclinical studies explored the effectiveness of whole herbs, plants or seeds and their active ingredients in established diabetic nephropathy. They ameliorate oxidative stress induced kidney damage, enhance antioxidant system, and decrease inflammatory process and fibrosis; most likely by activating KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and by deactivating NFB pathway. Whole natural products contain balanced antioxidants that might work synergistically to induce beneficial therapeutic outcome. In this context, more clinical studies involving whole plants or herbal products or mixtures of different herbs and plants and their active ingredients might change our strategies for the management of diabetic nephropathy. The natural products might be useful as preventive interventions and studies are required in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noori Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
| | - Hamza Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
| | - Thia Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
| | - Khelod Salom
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Al-Waili Foundation for Science, New York, USA
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Jiang S, Yang Y, Li T, Ma Z, Hu W, Deng C, Fan C, Lv J, Sun Y, Yi W. An overview of the mechanisms and novel roles of Nrf2 in cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1413-1424. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1250887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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PHLPP2 down regulation influences nuclear Nrf2 stability via Akt-1/Gsk3β/Fyn kinase axis in acetaminophen induced oxidative renal toxicity: Protection accorded by morin. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:19-31. [PMID: 26767949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a cap 'n' collar (CNC) basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that imparts cellular defence against xenobiotic and oxidative stress evoked responses by inducing an array of cytoprotective genes. Essential factors that regulate Nrf2 activity and stability during analgesic nephropathy are incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that acetaminophen (a classic analgesic) posit nephrotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo via PHLPP2 activation. Enhanced PHLPP2 levels down regulate p-Akt by dephosphorylating it at Ser 473 residue leading to Gsk3β activation. APAP subsided Nrf2 nuclear accumulation by activating Gsk3β which phosphorylates Fyn kinase. p-Fyn kinase translocates into the nucleus and phosphorylates Nrf2 (Tyr 568) leading to its nuclear export, ubiquitination and degradation. Therefore, poor prognosis prevails during analgesic nephrotoxicity because of the defects in Akt-1/Gsk3β/Fyn-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Morin, a bioflavonoid given as co- and pre-treatment with acetaminophen significantly prevented the toxicity induced damage by constitutively stabilizing Nrf2 nuclear retention. Diminished Nrf2 levels by APAP overdose imposed severe proximal tubular damage leading to apoptotic cell death. Morin, as a potent Nrf2 inducer accorded protection against acetaminophen induced renal damages by its molecular intervention with Akt-1/Gsk3β/Fyn kinase pathway via PHLPP2 de-activation.
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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