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Morgan K, Gamal W, Samuel K, Morley SD, Hayes PC, Bagnaninchi P, Plevris JN. Application of Impedance-Based Techniques in Hepatology Research. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010050. [PMID: 31878354 PMCID: PMC7019217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a variety of end-point assays and techniques available to monitor hepatic cell cultures and study toxicity within in vitro models. These commonly focus on one aspect of cell metabolism and are often destructive to cells. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCAs) assess biological functions of cell populations in real-time by measuring electrical impedance, which is the resistance to alternating current caused by the dielectric properties of proliferating of cells. While the uses of IBCA have been widely reported for a number of tissues, specific uses in the study of hepatic cell cultures have not been reported to date. IBCA monitors cellular behaviour throughout experimentation non-invasively without labelling or damage to cell cultures. The data extrapolated from IBCA can be correlated to biological events happening within the cell and therefore may inform drug toxicity studies or other applications within hepatic research. Because tight junctions comprise the blood/biliary barrier in hepatocytes, there are major consequences when these junctions are disrupted, as many pathologies centre around the bile canaliculi and flow of bile out of the liver. The application of IBCA in hepatology provides a unique opportunity to assess cellular polarity and patency of tight junctions, vital to maintaining normal hepatic function. Here, we describe how IBCAs have been applied to measuring the effect of viral infection, drug toxicity /IC50, cholangiopathies, cancer metastasis and monitoring of the gut-liver axis. We also highlight key areas of research where IBCAs could be used in future applications within the field of hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Morgan
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wesam Gamal
- James Nasmyth Building, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Kay Samuel
- The Jack Copland Centre, Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, 52 Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK;
| | - Steven D. Morley
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Peter C. Hayes
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - John N. Plevris
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
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Zhang Y, den Braver-Sewradj SP, den Braver MW, Hiemstra S, Vermeulen NPE, van de Water B, Commandeur JNM, Vos JC. Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Protects Against Amodiaquine Quinoneimines-Induced Cytotoxicity but Does Not Prevent Activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:388. [PMID: 29720942 PMCID: PMC5915463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the reactive amodiaquine quinoneimine (AQ-QI) and N-desethylamodiaquine quinoneimine (DEAQ-QI) plays an important role in the toxicity of the anti-malaria drug amodiaquine (AQ). Glutathione conjugation protects against AQ-induced toxicity and GSTP1 is able to conjugate its quinoneimine metabolites AQ-QI and DEA-QI with glutathione. In this study, HepG2 cells transiently transfected with the human GSTP1 construct were utilized to investigate the protective effect of GSTP1 in a cellular context. HepG2 cells were exposed to synthesized QIs, which bypasses the need for intracellular bioactivation of AQ or DEAQ. Exposure was accompanied by decreased cell viability, increased caspase 3 activity, and decreased intracellular GSH levels. Using high-content imaging-based BAC-GFP reporters, it was shown that AQ-QI and DEAQ-QI specifically activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. In contrast, oxidative stress, DNA damage, or inflammatory stress responses were not activated. Overexpression of GSTP1 resulted in a two-fold increase in GSH-conjugation of the QIs, attenuated QI-induced cytotoxicity especially under GSH-depletion condition, abolished QIs-induced apoptosis but did not significantly inhibit the activation of the ER stress response. In conclusion, these results indicate a protective role of GSTP1 by increasing enzymatic detoxification of AQ-QI and DEAQ-QI and suggest a second protective mechanism by interfering with ER stress induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel W den Braver
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven Hiemstra
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nico P E Vermeulen
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Commandeur
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J C Vos
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Burgdorf T, Dunst S, Ertych N, Fetz V, Violet N, Vogl S, Schönfelder G, Schwarz F, Oelgeschläger M. The AOP Concept: How Novel Technologies Can Support Development of Adverse Outcome Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Burgdorf
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dunst
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Ertych
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Violet
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Vogl
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gilbert Schönfelder
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Oelgeschläger
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for The Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Persson M, Hornberg JJ. Advances in Predictive Toxicology for Discovery Safety through High Content Screening. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1998-2007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Persson
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jorrit J. Hornberg
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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