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Zhou Y, Qiu T, Wang T, Yu B, Xia K, Guo J, Liu Y, Ma X, Zhang L, Zou J, Chen Z, Zhou J. Research progress on the role of mitochondria in the process of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae066. [PMID: 38912038 PMCID: PMC11193119 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, existing mechanisms involved oxidative stress, calcium overload, and the activation of inflammatory responses involve mitochondrial injury. Mitochondrial autophagy, a process that maintains the normal physiological activity of mitochondria, promotes cellular metabolism, improves cellular function, and facilitates organelle renewal. Mitochondrial autophagy is involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis, of which the PINK1-Parkin pathway is a major regulatory pathway, and the deletion of PINK1 and Parkin increases mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species production, and inflammatory response, playing an important role in mitochondrial quality regulation. In addition, proper mitochondrial permeability translational cycle regulation can help maintain mitochondrial stability and mitigate hepatocyte death during ischemia-reperfusion injury. This mechanism is also closely related to oxidative stress, calcium overload, and the aforementioned autophagy pathway, all of which leads to the augmentation of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening and cause apoptosis. Moreover, the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) due to oxidative stress further aggravates mitochondrial function impairment. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are non-negligible processes required to maintain the dynamic renewal of mitochondria and are essential to the dynamic stability of these organelles. The Bcl-2 protein family also plays an important regulatory role in the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. A series of complex mechanisms work together to cause hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). This article reviews the role of mitochondria in HIRI, hoping to provide new therapeutic clues for alleviating HIRI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Kang Xia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jilin Zou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbao Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiangqiao Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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The role of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in the corneal epithelium: recent updates. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:513. [PMID: 35641491 PMCID: PMC9156734 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (also called protein kinase B, PKB) signalling regulates various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, and telomere activity. Corneal epithelial cells (CECs) are the outermost cells of the cornea; they maintain good optical performance and act as a physical and immune barrier. Various growth factors, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), neurokinin 1 (NK-1), and insulin activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by binding their receptors and promote antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and migratory functions and wound healing in the corneal epithelium (CE). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate apoptosis and inflammation in CECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Extreme environments induce excess ROS accumulation, inhibit PI3K/AKT, and cause apoptosis and inflammation in CECs. However, at low or moderate levels, ROS activate PI3K/AKT signalling, inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating proliferation of healthy CECs. Diabetes-associated hyperglycaemia directly inhibit PI3K/AKT signalling by increasing ROS and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels or suppressing the expression of growth factors receptors and cause diabetic keratopathy (DK) in CECs. Similarly, hyperosmolarity and ROS accumulation suppress PI3K/AKT signalling in dry eye disease (DED). However, significant overactivation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which mediates inflammation in CECs, is observed in both infectious and noninfectious keratitis. Overall, upon activation by growth factors and NK-1, PI3K/AKT signalling promotes the proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis of CECs, and these processes can be regulated by ROS in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is inhibited in CECs from individuals with DK and DED, but is overactivated by keratitis.
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Li H, Fan TJ, Zou P, Xu B. Diclofenac Sodium Triggers p53-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells via ROS-Mediated Crosstalk. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:70-79. [PMID: 33356180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DFS), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is frequently used in ophthalmology, but it causes negative effects on corneas. The mechanisms underlying the toxicities to corneas remains unclear. The present study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of DFS to human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cells in vitro and further investigate its related mechanisms. The HCEP cells were treated with DFS at different concentrations ranging from 0.003 125% to 0.1%. DFS showed a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells including abnormal morphology and declined viability. The 0.05% DFS-treated HCEP cells presented cell cycle arrest at S phase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and positive staining of phosphorylated H2AX, suggesting that DFS caused ROS-mediated DNA damage. The upregulation of p53 expression, formation of apoptotic body, phosphatidylserine externalization, and DNA ladder demonstrated that the p53-dependent apoptosis pathway was involved in the cytotoxicity of DFS. Furthermore, DFS activated caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 altered the expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins including tBid, Bax, and Bcl-2, as well as increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. DFS also induced ΔΨm disruption, resulting in the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor into the cytoplasm. Additionally, the DFS-induced apoptosis was alleviated by p53 inhibitor. Taken together, DFS triggered p53-dependent apoptosis in HCEP cells via ROS-mediated crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
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Su W, Zhao J, Fan TJ. Dose- and Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Carteolol in Corneal Endothelial Cells and the Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:202. [PMID: 32210806 PMCID: PMC7068677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carteolol is a non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of glaucoma, and its abuse might be cytotoxic to the cornea. However, its cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated. Herein, we used an in vivo model of feline corneas and an in vitro model of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), respectively. In vivo results displayed that 2% carteolol (clinical dosage) could induce monolayer density decline and breaking away of feline corneal endothelial (FCE) cells. An in vitro model of HCECs that were treated dose-dependently (0.015625–2%) with carteolol for 2–28 h, resulted in morphological abnormalities, declining in cell viability and elevating plasma membrane (PM) permeability in a dose- and time- dependent manner. High-dose (0.5–2%) carteolol treatment induced necrotic characteristics with uneven distribution of chromatin, marginalization and dispersed DNA degradation, inactivated caspase-2/-8, and increased RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and pMLKL expression. The results suggested that high-dose carteolol could induce necroptosis via the RIPK/MLKL pathway. While low-dose (0.015625–0.25%) carteolol induced apoptotic characteristics with chromatin condensation, typical intranucleosomal DNA laddering patterns, G1 cell-cycle arrest, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and apoptotic body formation in HCECs. Meanwhile, 0.25% carteolol treatment resulted in activated caspase-2, -3, -8, and -9, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bax and Bad, ΔΨm disruption, and release of cytoplasmic cytochrome c (Cyt.c) and AIF into the cytoplasm. These observations suggested that low-dose carteolol could induce apoptosis via a caspase activated and mitochondrial-dependent pathway. These results suggested that carteolol should be used carefully, as low as 0.015625% cartelol caused apoptotic cell death in HCECs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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You XG, Fan TJ, Jiang GJ. Phenylephrine induces necroptosis and apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells dose- and time-dependently. Toxicology 2019; 428:152305. [PMID: 31605733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the toxicity of phenylephrine, a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, in corneal epithelial cells and its underlying mechanisms were investigated using an in vitro model of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEPCs) and an in vivo model of New Zealand white rabbit corneas. The HCEPCs treated with phenylephrine at concentrations from 10% to 0.078125% displayed abnormal morphology, decline of cell viability and elevation of plasma membrane permeability time- and dose-dependently. Moreover, 10%-1.25% phenylephrine induce necrosis characteristics of marginalization and uneven distribution of chromatin through up-regulation of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL along with inactivation of caspase-8 and caspase-2, whereas 0.625% phenylephrine induced condensed chromatin, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation in the HCECs through activation of caspase-2, -8, -9 and -3 as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bad, ΔΨm disruption and release of cytochrome c and AIF into cytosol. At last, 10% phenylephrine induced destruction of the corneal epithelia and apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells in rabbit corneas. In conclusion, 10% to 1.25% phenylephrine cause necroptosis via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis and 0.625% phenylephrine induce apoptosis via a mitochondrion-dependent and death receptor-mediated signal pathway in HCEPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo You
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Guo-Jian Jiang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
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Xu B, Sui YL, Fan TJ. Gatifloxacin inducing apoptosis of stromal fibroblasts through cross-talk between caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1524-1530. [PMID: 31637186 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To reveal the cytotoxicity and related mechanisms of gatifloxacin (GFX) to stromal fibroblasts (SFs) in vitro. METHODS SFs were treated with GFX at different concentrations (0.009375%-0.3%), and their viability was detected by MTT method. The cell morphology was observed using light/transmission electron microscope. The plasma membrane permeability was measured by AO/EB double-staining. Then cell cycle, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA damage was analyzed by electrophoresis and immunostaining. ELISA was used to evaluate the caspase-3/-8/-9 activation. Finally, Western blotting was applied for detecting the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS Morphological changes and reduced viability of GFX-treated SFs demonstrated that GFX above 0.009375% had cytotoxicity to SFs with dependence of concentration and time. GFX-treating cells also showed G1 phase arrest, increased membrane permeability, PS externalization and DNA damage, which indicated that GFX induced apoptosis of SFs. Additionally, GFX could activate the caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, induce MTP disruption, downregulate B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell leukemia-XL (Bcl-XL), and upregulate Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2 interacting domain (Bid) and cytoplasmic cytochrome C in SFs, suggesting that caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways were related to GFX-contributed apoptosis of SFs. CONCLUSION The cytotoxicity of GFX induces apoptosis of SFs through triggering the caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun-Long Sui
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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de Moura Escobar SJ, Simone M, Martin N, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Martinez GR, Winnischofer SMB, Witting PK, Rocha MEM. Cytotoxic effects of 4'-hydroxychalcone on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104640. [PMID: 31493544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive form of cancer with high mortality. Hydroxychalcones have received considerable attention because of their cytotoxic activities on cancer cells. However, the effect of the 4'-hydroxychalcone on neuroblastoma cells is unknown. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cytotoxicity of 4HC to neuroblastoma and the importance of mitochondrial effects in its action mechanism using an in vitro model of SH-SY5Y cells. Incubation of cultured SHSY5Y cells with 10-60 μM 4HC (24 h) decreased cell confluency, cellular metabolic activity and depleted intracellular ATP relative to the vehicle-treated control. The mechanism of 4HC-induced cell toxicity likely involves mitochondria dysfunctional as judged by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential and intracellular and morphological alterations. Furthermore, loss of cell viability was accompanied mainly by increase of phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of cells, suggesting that the flavonoid may induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, treatment inhibited SH-SY5Y cell migration/proliferation in a scratch assay and induced significant changes in the cell cycle progression. Our results showed the effects of 4HC in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y are associated with mitochondrial dysfunctional, depletion of intracellular ATP levels, ROS increase, alteration in cell cycle progression and cellular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Janaina de Moura Escobar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Martin Simone
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nathan Martin
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Kenneth Witting
- Redox Biology and Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Eliane Merlin Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Fan TJ, Wu SX, Jiang GJ. Apoptotic effects of norfloxacin on corneal endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:77-88. [PMID: 31420720 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin, a frequently used ocular antibiotic, might have cytotoxic effect on human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), subsequently damage the cornea and finally impair human vision. However, the possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity of norfloxacin to HCEC line are unclear. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms using in vitro cultured non-transfected HCECs and verified the cytotoxicity with cat corneal endothelium in vivo. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin in the in vitro cultured HCECs was recognized by causing abnormal morphology such as cell shrinkage and detachment from plate bottom, and decline of viability of in vitro cultured HCECs. Then, its cytotoxicity was verified by inducing reduction of cell density and morphological abnormality of in vivo cat corneal endothelial cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin in HCECs was corroborated as apoptosis by elevation of plasma membrane permeability, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation in in vitro cultured HCECs and apoptosis-like swollen cells in the in vivo model. Moreover, norfloxacin induced extrinsic death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway by activating caspase-2/-8/-3 and intrinsic mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway by downregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and upregulating of pro-apoptotic Bad, which disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential, subsequently upregulated cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor and finally activated caspase-9/-3. Generally, norfloxacin induces HCE cell apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated and mitochondrion-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guo-Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Pei J, Fu B, Jiang L, Sun T. Biosynthesis, characterization, and anticancer effect of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Coptis chinensis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1969-1978. [PMID: 30936697 PMCID: PMC6421896 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tremendous growth in nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in fundamental and applied aspects, including the synthesis of nanoscale matter and understanding/utilizing its exotic physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. Green-synthesis methods employing either biological microorganisms or plant extracts have emerged as a simple and alternative to chemical synthesis. Methods In our present study, we aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with an aqueous extract of Coptis chinensis (CC) using a suitable ecofriendly green-synthesis way. Results In our results, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy revealed a near-absorbance peak at 450 nm, which confirmed the AgNP synthesis. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was revealed with X-ray diffraction. Transmission electron-microscopy analysis showed spherically dispersed nanoparticles of 6–45 nm diameter. We analyzed the elementary mechanism across A549 lung carcinoma cells ahead of treatment with doses of CC-AgNPs (10 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL). The antiproliferative effect of CC-AgNPs revealed a significant decline in cell viability. Antibacterial assays with both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria exhibited a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus. Conclusion Furthermore, CC-AgNPs regulated apoptosis using the intrinsic pathway to inhibit A549-cell proliferation. Proliferation migration and invasion were notably inhibited by CC-AgNPs, which promoted apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Pei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
| | - Binfan Fu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
| | - Taizhen Sun
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
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Zhong S, Zhu J, Li Y, Wang X, Yu J, Ji D, Wu C. Butylene fipronil induces apoptosis in PC12 murine nervous cells via activation of p16-CDK4/6-cyclin D1 and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22264. [PMID: 30597675 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Butylene fipronil (BFPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide, acting at the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor. Here, we show that BFPN inducedcytotoxicity in PC12 murinenervous cells, which lacks GABA receptor. Treatment with BFPN for 48 hours significantly enhanced G0/G1 arrest and induced apoptosis. BFPN decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4 and CDK6) and increased P16 and cyclin D1. Simultaneously, Bcl-2 protein was declined while Bax and cytochrome c were significantly enhanced in BFPN-treated groups. The apoptotic enzymes caspase-8, -9, and -3 were also activated by BFPN. Furthermore, treatment with BFPN significantly stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and pretreatment with antioxidant diphenyleneiodonium, substantially reduced cell death. Overall, these results suggest that BFPN is effective to induce G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptosis in PC12 murine nervous cell. Stimulating ROS generation and activation of P16-CDK4/6-cyclin D1 and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may participate in the cytotoxicity of BFPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yougui Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Detection and Control for Pesticide Residues, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Ji
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tan XY, Wang X, Liu QS, Xie XQ, Li Y, Li BQ, Li ZQ, Xia QY, Zhao P. Inhibition of silkworm vacuolar-type ATPase activity by its inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in an embryonic cell line of silkworm. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 99:e21507. [PMID: 30246413 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is a type of hydrogen ion transporter located in the vesicular membrane-like system, which mediates active transport and intracellular acidification in various compartments. In mammals, V-ATPase has been reported to play a key role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The studies of V-ATPase in silkworm mainly focus on the acidification regulation of midgut and silk gland and immune resistance. However, there are few reports about the function of silkworm V-ATPase on cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Thus, the function of V-ATPase in a cell line of Bombyx mori (BmE) was investigated by treating the cell line with bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry analysis showed that bafilomycin A1 treatment decreased the cell proliferation activity, affected the cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis. LysoTracker Red staining showed that the target of bafilomycin A1 is lysosome. The expression of all autophagy-related genes ( BmATG5, BmATG6, and BmATG8) decreased, indicating that cell autophagy was inhibited. The analysis of the apoptosis pathway demonstrated that inhibiting the activity of V-ATPase of BmE cells could promote mitochondria to release cytochrome C, inhibit the expression of BmIAP, and activate the caspase cascade to induce apoptosis. All these findings systematically illustrate the effects of V-ATPase on the proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis in BmE cells, and provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for further study on the function of V-ATPase in BmE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-You Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Discovery of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid conjugated aminobenzothiazole derivatives as Hsp90-Cdc37 interaction disruptors that inhibit cell migration and reverse drug resistance. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1759-1775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Yuan XL, Zhang P, Liu XM, Du YM, Hou XD, Cheng S, Zhang ZF. Cytological Assessments and Transcriptome Profiling Demonstrate that Evodiamine Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in a Renal Carcinoma Cell Line. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12572. [PMID: 28974748 PMCID: PMC5626725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicines are an important source of secondary metabolites with excellent antitumour activity. Evodia rutaecarpa, from the family Rutaceae, exhibits antitumour activity. Evodiamine (EVO), which was isolated from the fruit of E. rutaecarpa, exhibits robust antitumour activity. However, the antitumour mechanism of EVO remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the growth-inhibiting effect of EVO on two renal carcinoma cell lines. We found that EVO could change the morphology and decrease the viability and proliferation of cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in vitro. In addition, transcriptome analysis indicated that EVO can modulate the transcriptome of Caki-1 cells. In total, 7,243 differentially expressed genes were found, among which 3,347 downregulated genes and 3,896 upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell migration, apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA replication. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EVO can cause apoptosis, arrest cells in the G2/M phase, and regulate the expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes in Caki-1 cells. Our study reveals the anticancer effects of EVO using cellular and molecular data, and indicates the potential uses of this compound as a resource to characterize the antitumour mechanisms of E. rutaecarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong-Mei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Cheng
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Cheng QL, Li HL, Li YC, Liu ZW, Guo XH, Cheng YJ. CRA(Crosolic Acid) isolated from Actinidia valvata Dunn.Radix induces apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line BGC823 in vitro via down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:475-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Li J, Li S, Wang X, Wang H. Esculetin induces apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells through IGF-1/PI3K/Akt-mediated mitochondrial pathways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:787-794. [PMID: 28177662 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) is a coumarin derivative extracted from natural plants and has been reported to have anticancer activity. However, the mechanism by which esculetin prevents human hepatic cancer cell growth is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of esculetin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC-7721 cells and explored the cell signal mechanism. Our data indicated that esculetin induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, which were supported by DAPI staining and Annexin V/PI staining. Meanwhile, esculetin increased the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, promoted bax expression, decreased bcl-2 expression, and triggered collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In addition, the inactivation of IGF-1, PI3K, and Akt was observed after esculetin administration. Furthermore, pretreatment with IGF-1 before esculetin administration abrogated the pro-apoptotic effects of esculetin, while PI3K inhibitor increased the pro-apoptotic effects of esculetin. These results indicated that esculetin induced the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells through IGF-1/PI3K/Akt-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe District Hospital of Jinzhou City, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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16
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Fan WY, Wang DP, Wen Q, Fan TJ. The cytotoxic effect of oxybuprocaine on human corneal epithelial cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:765-775. [PMID: 27590991 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116665676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxybuprocaine (OBPC) is a widely used topical anesthetic in eye clinic, and prolonged and repeated usage of OBPC might be cytotoxic to the cornea, especially to the outmost corneal epithelium. In this study, we characterized the cytotoxic effect of OBPC on human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cells and investigated its possible cellular and molecular mechanisms using an in vitro model of non-transfected HCEP cells. Our results showed that OBPC at concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.4% had a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells. Moreover, OBPC arrested the cells at S phase and induced apoptosis of these cells by inducing plasma membrane permeability, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, OBPC could trigger the activation of caspase-2, -3, and -9, downregulate the expression of Bcl-xL, upregulate the expression of Bax along with the cytoplasmic amount of mitochondria-released apoptosis-inducing factor, and disrupt mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Our results suggest that OBPC has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated mitochondria-dependent proapoptotic pathway, and this novel finding provides new insights into the acute cytotoxicity and its toxic mechanisms of OBPC on HCEP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - D-P Wang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Wen
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - T-J Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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