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Xu S, Wang D, Tan L, Lu J. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 inflammation related diseases. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2310269. [PMID: 38332696 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2310269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation related diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, are diverse and affect multiple systems in the human body. It is common for individuals to have multiple co-existing type 2 inflammation related diseases, which can impose a significant financial and living burden on patients. However, the exact pathogenesis of these diseases is still unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex composed of the NLRP3 protein, ASC, and Caspase-1, and is activated through various mechanisms, including the NF-κB pathway, ion channels, and lysosomal damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the immune response to pathogens and cellular damage. Recent studies have indicated a strong correlation between the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the onset of type 2 inflammation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that suppressing NLRP3 expression effectively diminishes the inflammatory response, highlighting its promising therapeutic applications. Therefore, this article reviews the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the development and therapy of multiple type 2 inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenming Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Surai PF, Surai A, Earle-Payne K. Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38247522 PMCID: PMC10812610 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans and animals. However, when inflammation resolution is delayed or compromised as a result of its misregulation, the process proceeds from the acute phase to chronic inflammation, leading to the development of various chronic illnesses. It is proven that redox balance disturbances and oxidative stress are among major factors inducing NF-κB and leading to over-inflammation. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory properties of various natural antioxidants have been widely tested in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that silymarin (SM) and its main constituent silibinin/silybin (SB) have great potential as an anti-inflammation agent. The main anti-inflammatory mechanism of SM/SB action is attributed to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways and the downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, CCL4, CXCL10, etc. Of note, in the same model systems, SM/SB was able to upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, etc.) and lipid mediators involved in the resolution of inflammation. The inflammatory properties of SM/SB were clearly demonstrated in model systems based on immune (macrophages and monocytes) and non-immune (epithelial, skin, bone, connective tissue and cancer) cells. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory action of SM/SB was confirmed in a number of in vivo models, including toxicity models, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ischemia/reperfusion models, stress-induced injuries, ageing and exercising models, wound healing and many other relevant model systems. It seems likely that the anti-inflammatory activities of SM/SB are key elements on the health-promoting properties of these phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
- Biochemistry and Physiology Department, Saint-Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 40021 Sumy, Ukraine
- Faculty of Technology of Grain and Grain Business, Odessa National Technological University, 65039 Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | - Katie Earle-Payne
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renfrewshire Health and Social Care Centre, 10 Ferry Road, Renfrew PA4 8RU, UK
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Ha JH, Lee BW, Yi DH, Lee SJ, Kim WI, Pak SW, Kim HY, Kim SH, Shin IS, Kim JC, Lee IC. Particulate matter-mediated oxidative stress induces airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction through TXNIP/NF-κB and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114201. [PMID: 38013002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter is currently recognized as a serious aggravating factor of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) on the respiratory system in BALB/c mice and NCI-H292 cells. PM (0, 2.5, 5 and 20 mg/kg) was administered to mice by intra-tracheal instillation for 7 days. After a 7 day-repeated treatment of PM, we evaluated inflammatory cytokines/cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and conducted pulmonary histology and functional test. We also investigated the role of TXNIP/NF-κB and SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in PM-induced airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. PM caused a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PM-mediated oxidative stress down-regulated thioredoxin-1 and up-regulated thioredoxin-interacting protein and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in the lung tissue and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. PM suppressed sirtuin1 protein levels and increased p53 acetylation in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In addition, PM caused inflammatory cell infiltration and the thickening of alveolar walls by exacerbating the inflammatory response in the lung tissue. PM increased levels of transforming growth factor-β, phosphorylation of Smad3 and activation of α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type1A2 in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In pulmonary function tests, PM exposure impaired pulmonary function resembling pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by increased resistance and elastance of the respiratory system, and resistance, elastance, and damping of lung tissues, whereas decreased compliance of the respiratory system, forced expired volume and forced vital capacity. Overall, PM-mediated oxidative stress caused airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction with pulmonary fibrosis via TXNIP pathway/NF-κB activation and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated TGF-β/Smad3 pathways. The results of this study can provide fundamental data on the potential adverse effects and underlying mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM exposure as a public health concern. Due to the potential toxicity of PM, people with respiratory disease must be careful with PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Yi
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Young Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
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Cai L, Gao G, Yin C, Bai R, Li Y, Sun W, Pi Y, Jiang X, Li X. The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1975. [PMID: 38001828 PMCID: PMC10669228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the major incentive for intestinal dysfunction in weaned piglets, which usually leads to growth retardation or even death. Silybin has caught extensive attention due to its antioxidant properties. Herein, we investigated the effect of dietary silybin supplementation on growth performance and determined its protective effect on paraquat (PQ)-induced intestinal oxidative damage and microflora dysbiosis in weaned piglets. In trial 1, a total of one hundred twenty healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned into five treatments with six replicate pens per treatment and four piglets per pen, where they were fed basal diets supplemented with silybin at 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg for 42 days. In trial 2, a total of 24 piglets were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments with 12 replicates per treatment and 1 piglet per pen: a basal diet or adding 400 mg/kg silybin to a basal diet. One-half piglets in each treatment were given an intraperitoneal injection of paraquat (4 mg/kg of body weight) or sterile saline on day 18. All piglets were euthanized on day 21 for sample collection. The results showed that dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg silybin resulted in a lower feed conversion ratio, diarrhea incidence, and greater antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Dietary silybin enhanced intestinal antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function in oxidative stress piglets induced by PQ. Silybin inhibited mitochondria-associated endogenous apoptotic procedures and then improved the intestinal barrier function and morphology of PQ-challenged piglets. Moreover, silybin improved intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by the PQ challenge by enriching short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria, which augmented the production of acetate and propionate. Collectively, these findings indicated that dietary silybin supplementation linearly decreased feed conversion ratio and reduced diarrhea incidence in normal conditions, and effectively alleviated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, intestinal damage, and microflora dysbiosis in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanpin Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (G.G.); (C.Y.); (R.B.); (W.S.); (Y.P.); (X.J.)
| | | | | | | | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (G.G.); (C.Y.); (R.B.); (W.S.); (Y.P.); (X.J.)
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Yan R, Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Meng Y. Mitochondria and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04812-1. [PMID: 37589860 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the main adaptive response of the heart to chronic loads; however, prolonged or excessive hypertrophy promotes myocardial interstitial fibrosis, systolic dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte death, especially aseptic inflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, which can aggravate ventricular remodeling and myocardial damage, which is an important mechanism for the progression of heart failure. Various cardiac overloads can cause mitochondrial damage. In recent years, the mitochondria have been demonstrated to be involved in the inflammatory response during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. As the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondria are regulators of inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy, we explored the potential functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy. In particular, we proposed that the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes may promote NLRP3-dependent inflammation during myocardial hypertrophy. Further in-depth studies could prompt valuable discoveries regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, reveal novel anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiac hypertrophy, and provide more desirable therapeutic outcomes for patients with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rongchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujiao Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Wu X, Wu L, Wu Y, Chen W, Chen J, Gong L, Yu J. Heme oxygenase-1 ameliorates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by modulating macrophage polarization via inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:12-22. [PMID: 36436727 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) remains a global public health issue without specific and effective treatment options available in the clinic. Alveolar macrophage polarization is involved in the initiation, development and progression of ALI; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) acts as an antioxidant in pulmonary inflammation and has been demonstrated to be linked with the severity and prognosis of ALI. In this study, the therapeutic effects of HO-1 were examined, along with the mechanisms involved, mainly focusing on alveolar macrophage polarization. HO-1 depletion induced higher iNOS and CD86 (M1 phenotype) expression but was significantly decreased in Arg-1 and CD206 (M2 phenotype) expression in BALF alveolar macrophages after equivalent LPS stimulation. We also found that HO-1 deletion distinctly accelerated the expression of inflammasome-associated components NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in vivo and in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, on the basis of LPS for MH-S cells, levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were increased and HO-1 depletion exacerbated these changes, whereas double depletion of HO-1 and TXNIP partially mitigated these elevations. Also, HO-1 knockdown induced more M1 phenotype and less M2 phenotype compared with LPS alone, whereas double silence of HO-1 and TXNIP partially changed the polarization state. Taken together, we demonstrated that HO-1 could modulate macrophage polarization via TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which could be a potential therapeutic target for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinkun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lirong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Pyroptosis and Its Role in Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235764. [PMID: 36497244 PMCID: PMC9739612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, is characterized by the caspase-mediated pore formation of plasma membranes and the release of large quantities of inflammatory mediators. In recent years, the morphological characteristics, induction mechanism and action process of pyroptosis have been gradually unraveled. As a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, cervical cancer is seriously harmful to women's health. It has been found that pyroptosis is closely related to the initiation and development of cervical cancer. In this review the mechanisms of pyroptosis and its role in the initiation, progression and treatment application of cervical cancer are summarized and discussed.
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Jewell S, Herath AM, Gordon R. Inflammasome Activation in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S113-S128. [PMID: 35848038 PMCID: PMC9535572 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic sterile inflammation and persistent immune activation is a prominent pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling complexes which orchestrate inflammatory responses in immune cells to a diverse range of pathogens and host-derived signals. Widespread inflammasome activation is evident in PD patients at the sites of dopaminergic degeneration as well as in blood samples and mucosal biopsies. Inflammasome activation in the nigrostriatal system is also a common pathological feature in both neurotoxicant and α-synuclein models of PD where dopaminergic degeneration occurs through distinct mechanisms. The NLRP3 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3) inflammasome has been shown to be the primary driver of inflammatory neurotoxicity in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation is triggered by pathogenic misfolded α-synuclein aggregates which accumulate and spread over the disease course in PD. Converging lines of evidence suggest that blocking inflammasome activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for disease modification, with both NLRP3 knockout mice and CNS-permeable pharmacological inhibitors providing robust neuroprotection in multiple PD models. This review summarizes the current evidence and knowledge gaps around inflammasome activation in PD, the pathological mechanisms by which persistent inflammasome activation can drive dopaminergic degeneration and the therapeutic opportunities for disease modification using NLRP3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Jewell
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ashane M. Herath
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard Gordon
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Qi M, Wang N, Xiao Y, Deng Y, Zha A, Tan B, Wang J, Yin Y, Liao P. Ellagic acid ameliorates paraquat-induced liver injury associated with improved gut microbial profile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118572. [PMID: 34838710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat, a widely used herbicide, causes environmental pollution, and liver injury in humans and animals. As a natural compound in fruits, ellagic acid (EA) shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study examines the beneficial effects of dietary EA against the paraquat-induced hepatic injury and further explores the underlying molecular mechanisms using a piglet model. Post-weaning piglets are fed basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg EA for 3 weeks. At week 2, hepatic injury is induced by 4 mg/kg paraquat followed by 7 days recovery. EA supplementation significantly mitigates paraquat-induced hepatic fibrosis, steatosis, and high apoptotic rate. In agreement, EA supplementation reduces serum pro-inflammatory levels, ameliorates inflammatory cells infiltration into hepatic tissue, which are associated with suppressed NF-κB signaling during paraquat exposure. In addition, EA supplementation significantly improves activities of antioxidative enzymes which were correlated with activated Nrf2/Keap 1 signaling during paraquat exposure. Furthermore, EA supplementation restores cecal microbial community during paraquat exposure. The protective effect of EA is strongly linked with increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Taken together, EA supplementation effectively reduced the occurrence of hepatic oxidative damage and inflammation induced by paraquat through modulating cecal microbial communities, which provides a novel nutritional therapeutic strategy for hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Andong Zha
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Peng Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
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Liu Y, Xue N, Zhang B, Lv H, Li S. Role of Thioredoxin-1 and its inducers in human health and diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174756. [PMID: 35032486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a small redox-active protein normally found in mammalian cells that responds to the changing redox environment by contributing electrons or regulating related proteins. There is growing evidence that Trx-1 has multiple functions, including cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. To date, researchers have found that Trx-1 deficiency leads to severe damage in various disease models, such as atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, diabetes and tumors. Conversely, activation of Trx-1 has a protective effect against these diseases. Accordingly, a variety of Trx-1 inducers have been widely used in the clinic with significant therapeutic value. In this paper, we summarize the pathogenesis of Trx-1 involvement in the above-mentioned diseases and describe the protective effects of Trx-1 inducers on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China
| | - Nianyu Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China
| | - Boxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China
| | - Hongming Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China.
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China.
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11
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Johnson AM, Ou ZYA, Gordon R, Saminathan H. Environmental neurotoxicants and inflammasome activation in Parkinson's disease - A focus on the gut-brain axis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 142:106113. [PMID: 34737076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes expressed in immune cells that function as intracellular sensors of environmental, metabolic and cellular stress. Inflammasome activation in the brain, has been shown to drive neuropathology and disease progression by multiple mechanisms, making it one of the most attractive therapeutic targets for disease modification in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Extensive inflammasome activation is evident in the brains of people with PD at the sites of dopaminergic degeneration and synuclein aggregation. While substantial progress has been made on validating inflammasome activation as a therapeutic target for PD, the mechanisms by which inflammasome activation is triggered and sustained over the disease course remain poorly understood. A growing body of evidence point to environmental and occupational chemical exposures as possible triggers of inflammasome activation in PD. The involvement of the gastrointestinal system and gut microbiota in PD pathophysiology is beginning to be elucidated, especially the profound link between gut dysbiosis and immune activation. While large cohort studies confirmed specific changes in the gut microbiota in PD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls, recent research suggest that synuclein pathology could be initiated in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we present a summarized perspective on current understanding on inflammasome activation and the gut-brain-axis link during PD pathophysiology. We discuss multiple environmental toxicants that are implicated as the etiological agents in causing idiopathic PD and their mechanistic underpinnings during neuroinflammatory events. We additionally present future directions that needs to address the research questions related to the gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya M Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Zhen-Yi Andy Ou
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Gordon
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Hariharan Saminathan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
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12
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Liu Y, Zhong J, Zhao L, Yu S, Zha H, Chai Y, Zhu Q. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Trx and Trp14 in roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1369-1382. [PMID: 34279744 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a family of small and highly conserved proteins which play crucial roles in the maintenance and regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of thioredoxin 1 (TfTrx1) and thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa (TfTrp14) were isolated from roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus). TfTrx1 is 662 bp in length with a 336-bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes for a peptide with 111 amino acids, and TfTrp14 consists of 1066 bp with a 372-bp ORF that is translated to 123 amino acids. TfTrx1 and TfTrp14 contain highly conserved catalytic site motif CGPC and CPDC, respectively. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that both genes were broadly expressed in all examined tissues with the highest expression of TfTrx1 in the blood and TfTrp14 in the brain. In post-LPS and heavy metal challenge, the mRNA of both genes was significantly increased in the skin, liver, spleen, and brain at various times. The results of western blot detection displayed that the time of the induced maximum protein expression was 6-h post-LPS injection in the skin and liver, which were slightly delayed compared with that of 2 h at mRNA level. The recombinant TfTrp14 and TfTrx1 proteins were expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The increase of the fluorescence intensity in rTfTrx1 and rTfTrp14 suggested the redox state changes in the microenvironment around tryptophan residues. Both of the recombinant proteins exhibited concentration-dependent disulfide reductase activity towards insulin, and the catalytic activity of rTfTrx1 was much higher than that of rTfTrp14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Haidong Zha
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Yingmei Chai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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13
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Li Y, Gu C, Liu G, Yu Y, Xu J. Polarization of rheumatoid macrophages is regulated by the CDKN2B-AS1/ MIR497/TXNIP axis. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:23-31. [PMID: 34418490 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. The macrophages can have pro-inflammatory M1 polarization and various types of alternative anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. Our preliminary results showed that the CDKN2B-AS1/MIR497/TXNIP axis might regulate macrophages of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that this axis regulated the polarization of rheumatoid macrophages. Flow cytometry was used to determine the surface polarization markers in M1 or M2 macrophages from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients. The QPCR and Western Blotting were used to compare the expression of the CDKN2B-AS1/MIR497/TXNIP axis in these macrophages. We Knocked down and overexpressed the axis in the macrophage cell line MD to test its roles in macrophage polarization. Compared to cells from healthy donors, cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients expressed higher levels of CD40 and CD80 and lower levels of CD16, CD163, CD206, and CD200R after polarization, they also expressed higher CDKN2B-AS1, lower MIR497, and higher TXNIP. In macrophages from healthy donors, there was no correlation among CDKN2B-AS1, MIR497, and TXNIP. But in macrophages from patients, there were significant correlations. The CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown, MIR497 mimics suppressed the M1 polarization but promoted the M2 polarization in MD cells, while the MIR497 knockdown and the TXNIP overexpression did the opposite. This study demonstrated that elevated CDKN2B-AS1 in macrophages promotes the M1 polarization and inhibited the M2 polarization of macrophages by the CDKN2B-AS1/ MIR497/TXNIP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Gu
- Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanlei Liu
- Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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14
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Genetic and environmental factors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and promising therapeutic intervention via fecal microbiota transplantation. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:70. [PMID: 34381040 PMCID: PMC8357954 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal impairment and loss of function, and with the major shared histopathological hallmarks of misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins inside or outside cells. Some genetic and environmental factors contribute to the promotion of the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, there are no effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. It has been revealed that bidirectional communication exists between the brain and the gut. The gut microbiota is a changeable and experience-dependent ecosystem and can be modified by genetic and environmental factors. The gut microbiota provides potential therapeutic targets that can be regulated as new interventions for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, summarize the communication among the components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and discuss the treatment strategy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, and restoration of the gut microbiota to a premorbid state is a novel goal for prevention and treatment strategies.
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15
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Li Y, Wang N, Ma Z, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhong Z, Hong Y, Zhao M. Lipoxin A4 protects against paraquat‑induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88‑mediated activation of the NF‑κB and PI3K/AKT pathways. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:86. [PMID: 33760150 PMCID: PMC7992923 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) causes serious oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, particularly to the lungs. Since lipoxin A4 (LXA4) functions as an anti‑inflammatory mediator, the present study aimed to explore its effects on PQ‑induced acute lung injury (ALI) and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. PQ was administered to male SD rats and RAW264.7 cells to establish a model of poisoning, and LXA4 was used as an intervention drug. LXA4 treatment attenuated PQ‑induced lung injury, and this was accompanied by decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑1β secretion levels, and reduced oxidative stress damage. Additionally, LXA4 treatment inhibited the activation of the inflammation‑related signaling molecules, Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB p65, p‑phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) and p‑AKT. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments further confirmed that the beneficial effects of LXA4 on PQ‑induced damage were TLR4‑dependent. Hence, the present study demonstrated that LXA4 attenuated PQ‑induced toxicity in lung tissue and RAW264.7 macrophages, and that this protective effect may be closely related to the mitigation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress damage and the TLR4/MyD88‑mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF‑κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
- Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Prevention and Control Institute, Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yunwen Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhitao Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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16
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Ma X, Ruan Q, Ji X, Yang J, Peng H. Ligustrazine alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity via the inhibition of Txnip/Trx/NF-κB pathway. Life Sci 2021; 274:119331. [PMID: 33716060 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a common therapeutic drug for cancer, but exposure to CP can cause acute hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to elucidate the protective effects of Ligustrazine (2, 3, 5, 6-tetramethylpyrazine, TMP) on hepatotoxicity induced by CP or its active metabolite 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). MAIN METHODS We presented a comprehensive investigation about the hepatoprotection of TMP on CP-induced mice and 4-HC-treated HSC-LX2 cells. Liver function was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatic histopathology analysis was performed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Survival of hepatocytes was detected by TUNEL assay. Related proteins in the thioredoxin (Trx)-interacting protein (Txnip)/Trx/Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were measured by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated that CP or 4-HC could increase the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, enhance inflammatory factors and oxidative indicators, and suppress the activity of oxidoreductases. Moreover, significant changes in liver histological structure, fibrosis, and cell death were observed through the activation of Txnip/Trx/NF-κB pathway. In contrast, administration of TMP significantly reversed these above changes. Furthermore, TMP intervention participated in the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome accompanied with pyroptosis, as well as upregulating Trx expression and downregulating p-NF-κB, while the protective effect of TMP was limited to the involvement of Txnip overexpression. SIGNIFICANCE TMP treatment could significantly alleviate the hepatotoxicity process as evidenced by improving the structure and function of the liver, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation accompanied with pyroptosis, which was positively correlated with the inhibition of Txnip/Trx/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Ma
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinli Ruan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotian Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiping Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Lin H, Ba G, Tang R, Li M, Li Z, Li D, Ye H, Zhang W. Increased Expression of TXNIP Facilitates Oxidative Stress in Nasal Epithelial Cells of Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 35:607-614. [PMID: 33375816 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420982411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is essential in the process of triggering oxidative stress. However, its role and mechanism in CRSwNP remain unclear. The present study sought to explore the role and mechanism of TXNIP in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. METHODS Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to assess TXNIP, thioredoxin (TRX) expression in nasal tissue samples from patients with CRSwNP and control subjects. MDA level and SOD activity in nasal tissue homogenates were measured using MDA and SOD Assay Kit. To evaluate the role and mechanism of TXNIP in CRSwNP, human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were cultured and stimulated using TXNIP siRNA, with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). Western blotting, real-time PCR, ROS detecting dye DCFH-DA, MDA and SOD Assay Kit were performed to assess the effects and mechanisms of stimulators on the cells. RESULTS We found significantly increased levels of TXNIP and decreased levels of TRX protein, mRNA, positive cells, increased MDA level and decreased SOD activity in CRSwNP patients compared with control subjects. In vitro study, significantly altered levels of TXNIP, TRX, MDA, SOD and ROS in HNECs were found following treatment of TXNIP siRNA with or without NAC on HNECs. CONCLUSION TXNIP expression was increased and TRX expression was decreased in CRSwNP at both protein and mRNA levels. MDA levels were increased and SOD activities were decreased in CRSwNP. TXNIP may have negative association with TRX, and then decrease SOD activities and increase MDA levels, resulting in the upregulation of ROS and oxidative stress in HNECs, which may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. Future studies are expected to further explore the role and mechanism of TXNIP in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guangyi Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ru Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingxian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weitian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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18
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Wang H, Shi X, Qiu M, Lv S, Zheng H, Niu B, Liu H. Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role by Influencing NLRP3 inflammasome. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2752-2760. [PMID: 33110394 PMCID: PMC7586428 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome is a complex composed of several proteins and an important part of the natural immune system. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is composed of NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck like protein (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. It plays an important role in many diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule that regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicated that H2S played anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory roles in many diseases through influencing NLRP3 inflammasome, but its mechanism was not fully understood. This article reviewed the progress about the effects of H2S on NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanisms involved in recent years to provide theoretical basis for in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Xingzhuo Shi
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Mengyuan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Shuangyu Lv
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Baohua Niu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
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19
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Fu Y, Yan M, Xie C, Hu J, Zeng X, Hu Q. Polydatin relieves paraquat-induced human MRC-5 fibroblast injury through inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:765. [PMID: 32647690 PMCID: PMC7333108 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide that is highly toxic to the lungs and kidneys. When it enters the body, it will disrupt the balance of the microenvironment in the body, induce a large number of inflammatory factors and cause cell damage. Polydatin (PD), resveratrol glycoside, has multiple pharmacological effects. However, the protective effect of PD on human embryo lung fibroblast damage caused by PQ poisoning has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of PD on human embryo lung fibroblast damage caused by PQ poisoning. Method The optimal experimental concentration of PQ for human embryonic lung fibroblast MRC-5 was 100 µmol/L, and then the cells of 100 µmol/L PQ group were treated with different concentrations of PD for 24 h. MTT assay to detect MRC-5 cell viability and flow cytometry to detect apoptosis. The corresponding kit was used to detect the contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the levels of related inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Western blot detection of NLRP3 inflammatory body activation-related protein expression. Results Compared with the PQ group, cell activity, GSH-Px content, and SOD content in PD intervention group were significantly increased, while apoptosis, MDA content, inflammatory factor level, and activation-related proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome were significantly reduced and were dose-dependent. Conclusions PD can relieve PQ-induced human MRC-5 fibroblasts injury by reducing the inflammatory response, improving the antioxidant stress capacity, and inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,Department of Emergency, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Emergency, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jinlun Hu
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiangxia Zeng
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Qiaohua Hu
- Department of Emergency, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
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20
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Hydrogen Sulfide Protects against Paraquat-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6325378. [PMID: 32064027 PMCID: PMC6998754 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6325378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the lung, the liver is considered another major target for paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been demonstrated to be effective in the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of exogenous H2S against PQ-induced acute liver injury. The acute liver injury model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of PQ, evidenced by histological alteration and elevated serum aminotransferase levels. Different doses of NaHS were administered intraperitoneally one hour before exposure to PQ. Analysis of the data shows that exogenous H2S attenuated the PQ-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. H2S significantly suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the elevation of malondialdehyde content while it increased the ratio of GSH/GSSG and levels of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, GSH-Px, HO-1, and NQO-1. When hepatocytes were subjected to PQ-induced oxidative stress, H2S markedly enhanced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 via S-sulfhydration of Keap1 and resulted in the increase in IDH2 activity by regulating S-sulfhydration of SIRT3. In addition, H2S significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β excretion in PQ-induced acute liver injury. Moreover, H2S cannot reverse the decrease in SIRT3 and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome caused by PQ in Nrf2-knockdown hepatocytes. In summary, H2S attenuated the PQ-induced acute liver injury by enhancing antioxidative capability, regulating mitochondrial function, and suppressing ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The antioxidative effect of H2S in PQ-induced liver injury can at least partly be attributed to the promotion of Nrf2-driven antioxidant enzymes via Keap1 S-sulfhydration and regulation of SIRT3/IDH2 signaling via Nrf2-dependent SIRT3 gene transcription as well as SIRT3 S-sulfhydration. Thus, H2S supplementation can form the basis for a promising novel therapeutic strategy for PQ-induced acute liver injury.
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21
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Anderson FL, Coffey MM, Berwin BL, Havrda MC. Inflammasomes: An Emerging Mechanism Translating Environmental Toxicant Exposure Into Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:3-15. [PMID: 30203060 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that complex gene-environment interactions underlie the incidence and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuroinflammation is a well-characterized feature of PD widely believed to exacerbate the neurodegenerative process. Environmental toxicants associated with PD, such as pesticides and heavy metals, can cause cellular damage and stress potentially triggering an inflammatory response. Toxicant exposure can cause stress and damage to cells by impairing mitochondrial function, deregulating lysosomal function, and enhancing the spread of misfolded proteins. These stress-associated mechanisms produce sterile triggers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with a variety of proteinaceous insults that are well documented in PD. These associations provide a compelling rationale for analysis of sterile inflammatory mechanisms that may link environmental exposure to neuroinflammation and PD progression. Intracellular inflammasomes are cytosolic assemblies of proteins that contain pattern recognition receptors, and a growing body of evidence implicates the association between inflammasome activation and neurodegenerative disease. Characterization of how inflammasomes may function in PD is a high priority because the majority of PD cases are sporadic, supporting the widely held belief that environmental exposure is a major factor in disease initiation and progression. Inflammasomes may represent a common mechanism that helps to explain the strong association between exposure and PD by mechanistically linking environmental toxicant-driven cellular stress with neuroinflammation and ultimately cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brent L Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
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22
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Silymarin as a Promising Potential Therapeutic Agent for Treatment of Patients with Paraquat Poisoning: An Issue that Merits Further Research. ADVANCED JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2019; 4:e16. [PMID: 32322784 PMCID: PMC7163272 DOI: 10.22114/ajem.v0i0.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Tang G, Duan F, Li W, Wang Y, Zeng C, Hu J, Li H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Tan H. Metformin inhibited Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes activation and suppressed diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE -/- mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109410. [PMID: 31518877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin on diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis and whether Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a target for metformin. MATERIALS AND METHODS ApoE-/- male mice were divided randomly into control, streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus and metformin groups. Metabolic parameters, atherosclerotic lesion, activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and related signaling pathways were detected. THP-1-differentiated macrophages were used in in vitro experiments. RESULTS Compared with control mice, increased plasma lipids and proinflammatory interleukin-1β, aggravated macrophage infiltration into the atherosclerotic lesion, and accelerated development of atherosclerosis were observed in diabetic mice, which were associated with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and dysregulation of thioredoxin-1 and thioredoxin-interacting protein. Treatment with metformin alleviated diabetes-induced metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis, as well as NLRP3 inflammasomes activation and dysregulation of thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin-interacting protein. In vitro experiments showed that high glucose induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, which was significantly suppressed by treatment with metformin or antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Moreover, Compound C, an inhibitor of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of metformin, indicating that metformin inhibited high glucose-induced NLRP3 inflammasomes activation through AMPK activation. Moreover, high glucose decreased thioredoxin-1 expression and increased thioredoxin-interacting protein expression, which was also reversed by metformin. CONCLUSIONS Metformin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasomes activation and suppressed diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice, which at least partially through activation of AMPK and regulation of thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin-interacting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fengqi Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weixuan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuanhong Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Hongmei Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Wen C, Lin F, Huang B, Zhang Z, Wang X, Ma J, Lin G, Chen H, Hu L. Metabolomics Analysis in Acute Paraquat Poisoning Patients Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Machine Learning Approach. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:629-637. [PMID: 30807114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most paraquat (PQ) poisoned patients died from acute multiple organ failure (MOF) such as lung, kidney, and heart. However, the exact mechanism of intoxication is still unclear. In order to find out the initial toxic mechanism of PQ poisoning, a blood metabolomics study based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and efficient machine learning approach was performed on 23 PQ poisoned patients and 29 healthy subjects. The initial PQ plasma concentrations of PQ poisoned patients were >1000 ng/mL, and the blood samples were collected at before first hemoperfusion (HP), after first HP, and after last HP. The results showed that PQ poisoned patients all differed from healthy subjects, whatever they were before or after first HP or after last HP. The efficient machine learning approaches selected key metabolites from three UPLC/Q-TOF-MS data sets which had the highest classification performance in terms of classification accuracy, Matthews Correlation Coefficients, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively. The mass identification revealed that the most important metabolite was adenosine, which sustained in low level, regardless of whether PQ poisoned patients received HP treatment. In conclusion, decreased adenosine was the most important metabolite in PQ poisoned patients. The metabolic disturbance caused by PQ poisoning cannot be improved by HP treatment even the PQ was cleared from the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wen
- Laboratory Animal Center of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | | | - Binge Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | | | - Huiling Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
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Pascua-Maestro R, Corraliza-Gomez M, Diez-Hermano S, Perez-Segurado C, Ganfornina MD, Sanchez D. The MTT-formazan assay: Complementary technical approaches and in vivo validation in Drosophila larvae. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:179-186. [PMID: 29395318 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The MTT assay was the first widely accepted method to assess cytotoxicity and cell viability. However, there is controversy on whether this indicator is a useful tool. In this work we intend to expand the interpretability of the MTT study by its combination with widely used cellular biology techniques. We propose complementary approaches to the colorimetric assay, based on the use of measurements in three different settings: confocal microscopy, multi-well plate assay and flow cytometry. Using confocal microscopy, we confirmed that MTT uptake and reduction by cells is a time-dependent process, and that formazan accumulates in round-shaped organelles. Quantitative measurements with a multi-well fluorimeter combined with nuclear staining result in a useful method, yielding a ratio between formazan production and cell number that informs about the average cell metabolic state. We also found that flow cytometry is a suitable technique to measure MTT reduction in large cell populations. When assaying the effect of an oxidizing agent such as paraquat (PQ), this approach allows for the distinction of subpopulations of cells with different reducing power. Finally, we prove that it is feasible to monitor MTT reduction in an in vivo model, the Drosophila larvae, without affecting its survival rate. Formazan accumulates exclusively in the larval fat body, confirming its lipid solubility. The methods explored in this work expand the MTT potential as a useful tool to provide information of the physiological state of cells and organisms.
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