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Kaur C, Sahu SK, Bansal K, DeLiberto LK, Zhang J, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β/δ, Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Signaling with Phytocompounds for Cancer Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:342-395. [PMID: 38299535 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have a moderately preserved amino-terminal domain, an extremely preserved DNA-binding domain, an integral hinge region, and a distinct ligand-binding domain that are frequently encountered with the other nuclear receptors. PPAR-β/δ is among the three nuclear receptor superfamily members in the PPAR group. Recent Advances: Emerging studies provide an insight on natural compounds that have gained increasing attention as potential anticancer agents due to their ability to target multiple pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Critical Issues: Modulation of PPAR-β/δ activity has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer management. This review focuses on the ability of bioactive phytocompounds to impact reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling by targeting PPAR-β/δ for cancer therapy. The rise of ROS in cancer cells may play an important part in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, excessive levels of ROS stress can also be toxic to the cells and cancer cells with increased oxidative stress are likely to be more vulnerable to damage by further ROS insults induced by exogenous agents, such as phytocompounds and therapeutic agents. Therefore, redox modulation is a way to selectively kill cancer cells without causing significant toxicity to normal cells. However, use of antioxidants together with cancer drugs may risk the effect of treatment as both act through opposite mechanisms. Future Directions: It is advisable to employ more thorough and detailed methodologies to undertake mechanistic explorations of numerous phytocompounds. Moreover, conducting additional clinical studies is recommended to establish optimal dosages, efficacy, and the impact of different phytochemicals on PPAR-β/δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Keshav Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Halder B, Ghosh S, Khan T, Pal S, Das N, Sen P. Tracking heterogenous protein aggregation at nanoscale through fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:989-999. [PMID: 39032082 DOI: 10.1111/php.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Various biophysical techniques have been extensively employed to study protein aggregation due to its significance. Traditionally, these methods detect aggregation at micrometer length scales and micromolar concentrations. However, unlike in vitro, protein aggregation typically occurs at nanomolar concentrations in vivo. Here, using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), we captured bromelain aggregation at concentrations as low as ~20 nM, surpassing the detection limit of traditional methods like thioflavin T fluorescence, scattering, and fluorescence microscopy by more than one order of magnitude. Moreover, using thioflavin T fluorescence-based FCS, we have detected larger aggregates at higher bromelain concentrations, which is undetectable in FCS otherwise. Importantly, our study reveals inherent heterogeneity in bromelain aggregation, inaccessible to ensemble-averaged techniques. The presented report may provide a platform for the characterization of premature aggregates at very low protein concentrations, which are thought to be functionally significant species in protein aggregation-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisal Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shreya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Tanmoy Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Subhendu Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Nilimesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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Porfirio MCP, Santos JB, Alves AN, Santos LS, Bonomo RCF, da Costa Ilhéu Fontan R. Purification of pineapple bromelain by IMAC chromatography using chlorophyll-activated macroporous matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124027. [PMID: 38320436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the purification of bromelain obtained from pineapple fruit using a new adsorbent for immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), with chlorophyll obtained from plant leaves as a chelating agent. The purification of bromelain was evaluated in batches from the crude extract of pineapple pulp (EXT), and the extract precipitated with 50 % ammonium sulfate (EXT.PR), the imidazole buffer (200 mM, pH 7.2) being analyzed and sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0 + 1.0 NaCl as elution solutions. All methods tested could separate forms of bromelain with molecular weights between ±21 to 25 kDa. Although the technique using EXT.PR stood out in terms of purity, presenting a purification factor of around 3.09 ± 0.31 for elution with imidazole and 4.23 ± 0.12 for acetate buffer solution. In contrast, the EXT methods obtained values between 2.44 ± 0.23 and 3.21 ± 0.74 for elution with imidazole and acetate buffer, respectively, for purification from EXT.PR has lower yield values (around 5 %) than EXT (around 15 %). The number of steps tends to reduce yield and increase process costs, so the purification process in a monolithic bed coupled to the chromatographic system using the crude extract was evaluated. The final product obtained had a purification factor of 6, with a specific enzymatic activity of 59.61 ± 0.00 U·mg-1 and a yield of around 39 %, with only one band observed in the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis, indicating that the matrix produced can separate specific proteins from the total fraction in the raw material. The IMAC matrix immobilized with chlorophyll proved promising and viable for application in protease purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márjorie Castro Pinto Porfirio
- Process Engineering Laboratory, the State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Barbosa Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, the State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Annie Nolasco Alves
- Process Engineering Laboratory, the State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, the State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory, the State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Costa Ilhéu Fontan
- Process Engineering Laboratory, the State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil.
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Kumar V, Mangla B, Javed S, Ahsan W, Kumar P, Garg V, Dureja H. Bromelain: a review of its mechanisms, pharmacological effects and potential applications. Food Funct 2023; 14:8101-8128. [PMID: 37650738 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of plant-derived supplements for disease prevention and treatment has long been recognized because of their remarkable potential. Ananas comosus, commonly known as pineapple, produces a group of enzymes called bromelain, which contains sulfhydryl moieties. Recent studies have shown that bromelain exhibits a wide range of activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-rheumatic properties. These properties make bromelain a promising drug candidate for the treatment of various diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of bromelain has been shown to be useful in treating inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma, whereas the anti-cancer activity of bromelain is via induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and enhancement of the body's immune response. The anti-diabetic property of bromelain is owing to the improvement in glucose metabolism and reduction in insulin resistance. The therapeutic potential of bromelain has been investigated in numerous preclinical and clinical studies and a number of patents have been granted to date. Various formulations and delivery systems are being developed in order to improve the efficacy and safety of this molecule, including the microencapsulated form to treat oral inflammatory conditions and liposomal formulations to treat cancer. The development of novel drug delivery systems and formulations has further ameliorated the therapeutic potential of bromelain by improving its bioavailability and stability, while reducing the side effects. This review intends to discuss various properties and therapeutic applications of bromelain, along with its possible mechanism of action in treating various diseases. Recent patents and clinical trials concerning bromelain have also been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India.
- College of Pharmacy, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India.
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India.
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India.
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India.
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Proteins and their functionalization for finding therapeutic avenues in cancer: Current status and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188862. [PMID: 36791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advancement in the health care sector, cancer remains the second most fatal disease globally. The existing conventional cancer treatments primarily include chemotherapy, which has been associated with little to severe side effects, and radiotherapy, which is usually expensive. To overcome these problems, target-specific nanocarriers have been explored for delivering chemo drugs. However, recent reports on using a few proteins having anticancer activity and further use of them as drug carriers have generated tremendous attention for furthering the research towards cancer therapy. Biomolecules, especially proteins, have emerged as suitable alternatives in cancer treatment due to multiple favourable properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural flexibility for easy surface functionalization. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that various proteins derived from animal, plant, and bacterial species, demonstrated strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against malignant cells in native and their different structural conformations. Moreover, surface tunable properties of these proteins help to bind a range of anticancer drugs and target ligands, thus making them efficient delivery agents in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss various proteins obtained from common exogenous sources and how they transform into effective anticancer agents. We also comprehensively discuss the tumor-killing mechanisms of different dietary proteins such as bovine α-lactalbumin, hen egg-white lysozyme, and their conjugates. We also articulate how protein nanostructures can be used as carriers for delivering cancer drugs and theranostics, and strategies to be adopted for improving their in vivo delivery and targeting. We further discuss the FDA-approved protein-based anticancer formulations along with those in different phases of clinical trials.
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Pezzani R, Jiménez-Garcia M, Capó X, Sönmez Gürer E, Sharopov F, Rachel TYL, Ntieche Woutouoba D, Rescigno A, Peddio S, Zucca P, Tsouh Fokou PV, Martorell M, Gulsunoglu-Konuskan Z, Ydyrys A, Bekzat T, Gulmira T, Hano C, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Anticancer properties of bromelain: State-of-the-art and recent trends. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068778. [PMID: 36698404 PMCID: PMC9869248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a key enzyme found in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.); a proteolytic substance with multiple beneficial effects for human health such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic, traditionally used in many countries for its potential therapeutic value. The aim of this updated and comprehensive review focuses on the potential anticancer benefits of bromelain, analyzing the cytotoxic, apoptotic, necrotic, autophagic, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory effects in cancer cells and animal models. Detailed information about Bromelain and its anticancer effects at the cellular, molecular and signaling levels were collected from online databases such as PubMed/MedLine, TRIP database, GeenMedical, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The results of the analyzed studies showed that Bromelain possesses corroborated pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-edema, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-coagulant, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-trauma pain, anti-diarrhea, wound repair. Nonetheless, bromelain clinical studies are scarce and still more research is needed to validate the scientific value of this enzyme in human cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base (AIROB), Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Research Institution “Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products” of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | | | - David Ntieche Woutouoba
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Peddio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Zehra Gulsunoglu-Konuskan
- Faculty of Health Science, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan,The Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tynybekov Bekzat
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Tussupbekova Gulmira
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Orleans, Chartres, France,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
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Encapsulation of Bromelain in Combined Sodium Alginate and Amino Acid Carriers: Experimental Design of Simplex-Centroid Mixtures for Digestibility Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196364. [PMID: 36234901 PMCID: PMC9570880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain has potential as an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory, and in cancer treatments. Despite its therapeutic effects, this protein undergoes denaturation when administered orally. Microencapsulation processes have shown potential in protein protection and as controlled release systems. Thus, this paper aimed to develop encapsulating systems using sodium alginate as a carrier material and positively charged amino acids as stabilizing agents for the controlled release of bromelain in in vitro tests. The systems were produced from the experimental design of centroid simplex mixtures. Characterizations were performed by FTIR showing that bromelain was encapsulated in all systems. XRD analyses showed that the systems are semi-crystalline solids and through SEM analysis the morphology of the formed systems followed a pattern of rough microparticles. The application of statistical analysis showed that the systems presented behavior that can be evaluated by quadratic and special cubic models, with a p-value < 0.05. The interaction between amino acids and bromelain/alginate was evaluated, and free bromelain showed a reduction of 74.0% in protein content and 23.6% in enzymatic activity at the end of gastric digestion. Furthermore, a reduction of 91.6% of protein content and 65.9% of enzymatic activity was observed at the end of intestinal digestion. The Lis system showed better interaction due to the increased stability of bromelain in terms of the amount of proteins (above 63% until the end of the intestinal phase) and the enzymatic activity of 89.3%. Thus, this study proposes the development of pH-controlled release systems aiming at increasing the stability and bioavailability of bromelain in intestinal systems.
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Pankova SM, Sakibaev FA, Holyavka MG, Artyukhov VG. A Possible Role of Charged Amino-Acid Clusters on the Surface of Cysteine Proteases for Preserving Activity when Binding with Polymers. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Gamarra FMC, Santana JCC, Llanos SAV, Pérez JAH, Flausino FR, Quispe APB, Mendoza PC, Vanalle RM, Carreño-Farfan C, Berssaneti FT, de Souza RR, Tambourgi EB. High Retention and Purification of Bromelain Enzyme ( Ananas comosus L. Merrill) from Pineapple Juice Using Plain and Hollow Polymeric Membranes Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020264. [PMID: 35054670 PMCID: PMC8778085 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for bromelian and pineapple fruit has been increasing substantially in the world because of their benefits for the human health and use in diverse areas. In this context, this work aimed to study the capacity of higher retention (concentration); bromelain activity underwent ultrafiltration from pineapple juice (Ananas comusus L. Merrill). All assays were carried out at pH 7.0 and 7.5, and at 0.05 and 0.40 bar of transmembrane pressures. Results have shown that at the best operating conditions, between 85 and 87% of bromelain activity was recovered using the plain membrane separation process at 0.05 bar. The ultrafiltration has shown the capacity to retain 100% of proteolytic activity of the bromelain extracted. The samples have kept the same physics properties after ultrafiltration, and the result was verified via electrophoresis. The bromelain enzyme obtained was characterized, and pH 7 and between 30 and 40 °C were the best conditions. Therefore, this work shows that the use of both polymeric membranes has shown high efficiency, and can be used in the purification of bromelain enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M. Carbajal Gamarra
- Energy Engineering, University of Brasilia, FGA-UnB, St. Leste Projeção A—Gama Leste, Brasilia 72444-240, DF, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - José C. C. Santana
- Department of Management Engineering, Federal University of ABC, University Mall, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil;
| | - Segundo A. V. Llanos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Alimentarias, CYMAIDS, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Calle Juan XXIII 391, Lambayeque 14013, Peru; (S.A.V.L.); (A.P.B.Q.)
| | - Jorge A. Heredia Pérez
- Business School, Universidad del Pacífico, Calle Sanchez Cerro 2141, Jesús Maria, Lima 15072, Peru;
| | - Fábio Richard Flausino
- Industrial Engineering Postgraduate Program, Nine July University, Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (F.R.F.); (R.M.V.)
| | - Ada P. B. Quispe
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Alimentarias, CYMAIDS, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Calle Juan XXIII 391, Lambayeque 14013, Peru; (S.A.V.L.); (A.P.B.Q.)
| | - Pedro Córdova Mendoza
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ciudad Universitaria, Km 305, Ica 11004, Peru;
| | - Rosangela M. Vanalle
- Industrial Engineering Postgraduate Program, Nine July University, Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (F.R.F.); (R.M.V.)
| | - Carmen Carreño-Farfan
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, CYMAIDS, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Calle Juan XXIII 391, Lambayeque 14013, Peru;
| | - Fernando T. Berssaneti
- Department of Production Engineering, Polytechnic School of State University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1380—Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil;
| | - Roberto R. de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe, DEQ/UFS, University Campus “José Aloísio de Campos”, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Elias B. Tambourgi
- School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, DESQ/FEQ/UNICAMP, University Campus “ZeferinoVaz”, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas 6066, São Paulo 13083-840, SP, Brazil;
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Hikisz P, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J. Beneficial Properties of Bromelain. Nutrients 2021; 13:4313. [PMID: 34959865 PMCID: PMC8709142 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a major sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme found in pineapple plants, having multiple activities in many areas of medicine. Due to its low toxicity, high efficiency, high availability, and relative simplicity of acquisition, it is the object of inexhaustible interest of scientists. This review summarizes scientific reports concerning the possible application of bromelain in treating cardiovascular diseases, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders, infectious diseases, inflammation-associated diseases, and many types of cancer. However, for the proper application of such multi-action activities of bromelain, further exploration of the mechanism of its action is needed. It is supposed that the anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and anti-coagulatory activity of bromelain may become a complementary therapy for COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients. During the irrepressible spread of novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such beneficial properties of this biomolecule might help prevent escalation and the progression of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Subkorn P, Norkaew C, Deesrisak K, Tanyong D. Punicalagin, a pomegranate compound, induces apoptosis and autophagy in acute leukemia. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12303. [PMID: 34760363 PMCID: PMC8570173 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Punicalagin is the major phenolic compound found in pomegranate peels. It has several reported medical benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The present study investigated the anti-leukemic effects and the molecular mechanism of punicalagin on NB4 and MOLT-4 leukemic cell lines. Methods Leukemic cells were treated with punicalagin and cell viability was determined using MTS assay. Apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI and anti-LC3/FITC antibodies staining, respectively. Apoptotic and autophagic mRNA expression were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. STITCH bioinformatics tools were used to predict the interaction between punicalagin and its proposed target proteins. Results Results indicated that punicalagin decreased NB4 and MOLT-4 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Punicalagin, in combination with daunorubicin, exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects. Punicalagin induced apoptosis through the upregulation of caspase-3/-8/-9, Bax and the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Punicalagin also promoted autophagy via the downregulation of mTOR and the upregulation of ULK1 expression. Cyclooxygenase-2 and toll-like receptor 4 were found to be involved in punicalagin-induced cell death in punicalagin-targeted protein interactions. Conclusions These results suggest that punicalagin exerts cytotoxic activities by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis and autophagy by activating the caspase cascade, altering Bax and Bcl-2, and regulating autophagy via mTOR/ULK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Subkorn
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chosita Norkaew
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kamolchanok Deesrisak
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dalina Tanyong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Murthy SS, Narsaiah TB. Cytotoxic Effect of Bromelain on HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1873-1897. [PMID: 33735410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated long-term disease due to computable key molecular players involved in aggravating the disease. Among various kinds of cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the ninth leading cause of cancer. Recently, plant-based products are gaining a lot of attention in the field of research because of their anti-tumor properties. In our previous study, we reported based on in-silico method that bromelain, a cysteine protease extracted from the stem of the pineapple, has high binding affinity with the transcription factors p53 and β-catenin proteins which are key players in controlling the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Bromelain, isolated mainly from the stem of Pineapple (Ananas comosus), belongs to the family Bromeliaceae. The present study deals with preclinical analysis of bromelain as an anti-cancer agent and its intracellular effect on the expression of p53 and β-catenin protein. Our study reports cytotoxic activity, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, arrest in the S-phase, and G2/M phase in cell cycle analysis by treating with bromelain in HepG2 cell lines. We also report up-regulation of p53 protein by drug-induced impediment leading to apoptotic process in HepG2 cells and down-regulation of β-catenin protein in HepG2 cells which interferes in β-catenin/TCF-DNA interaction further, down-regulating Wnt genes and suppressing the canonical pathway. Finally, we conclude that bromelain inhibits tumorigenic potential in HepG2 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma S Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuram, 515002, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - T Bala Narsaiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuram, 515002, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Talib WH, Alsalahat I, Daoud S, Abutayeh RF, Mahmod AI. Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E5319. [PMID: 33202681 PMCID: PMC7696819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basic and clinical research on developing alternative anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Safa Daoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Reem Fawaz Abutayeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
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Debnath R, Majumder D, Nath P, Ghosh D, Maiti D. Bromelain plus peroxidase reduces non-Hodgkin lymphoma progression in invivo via up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and modulating apoptotic protein expression. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1200-1210. [PMID: 31591915 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1670217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is a good source of bromelain (B) and also contain peroxidase. The objective of this study is isoaltion of bromelain plus peroxidase (BP) from the pineapple fruit to evaluate the anticancer activity of BP from the pineapple fruit of Tripura, compared to commercial bromelain against ascitic Dalton's lymphoma cells (DLA) in mice. Methods: By acetone precipitation BP was isolated from the pineapple. Animals bearing DLA, receive B and BP orally for 15 alternative days. Apoptotic proteins are assayed using western blot. Results: BP treated mice showed recover of hemoglobin and WBC count compared to control lymphoma animal. The animal showed significant reduction of body weight due to reduced tunor load and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, elevated levels of vitamin C and vitamin E and other antioxidants in blood after BP treatment. Histology of liver and kidney also shows restored architecture in BP treated animal compared to only B treated group. BP treatment upregulates the cytochrome C, BAD, and BAX protein and downregulates the Bcl-2 and NF-kβ occuring upon BP treatment in the DLA cells collected from lymphoma animal. This induce the apoptosis of DLA cells in lymphoma animal and reduce the tumor load. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that BP from pineapple improves the survival of the induced lymphoma animal compared to only B which may be used as therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Debnath
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Debabrata Majumder
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Priyatosh Nath
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Durgadas Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Immunology Microbiology Lab, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
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