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Wang S, Zhao Y, Yang J, Liu S, Ni W, Bai X, Yang Z, Zhao D, Liu M. Ginseng polysaccharide attenuates red blood cells oxidative stress injury by regulating red blood cells glycolysis and liver gluconeogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115716. [PMID: 36122792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C.A. Mey (PG) is famous for "Qi-tonifying" effect, which has a medicinal history of more than 2 millennia. Modern pharmacology has confirmed that the "Qi-tonifying" effect of PG may be closely related to its pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidation, antineoplastic and treatment of cardiovascular disease. As one of the earliest cells affected by oxidative stress, RBCs are widely used in the diagnosis of diseases. Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), is one of the major active components of PG, which plays an important role in resisting oxidative stress, affecting energy metabolism and other effects. However, the molecular mechanism explaining the "Qi-tonifying" effect of GPS from the perspective of RBCs oxidative damage has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GPS on oxidatively damaged RBCs using in vitro and in vivo models and explore the molecular mechanisms from the perspective of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. To provides a theoretical basis for the future research of antioxidant drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Established three different in vitro and in vivo research models: an in vitro model of RBCs exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (40 mM), an in vivo model of RBCs from rats subjected to exhaustive swimming, and an in vitro model of BRL-3A cells exposed to H2O2 (25 μM). All three models were also tested in the presence of different concentrations of GPS. RESULTS The findings showed that GPS was the most potent antagonist of H2O2-induced hemolysis and redox inbalance in RBCs. In exhaustive exercise rats, GPS ameliorated RBVs hemolysis, including reducing whole-blood viscosity (WBV), improving deformability, oxygen-carrying and -releasing capacities, which was related to the enhancing of antioxidant capacity. Moreover, GPS promoted RBCs glycolysis in rats with exhaustive exercise by recovering the activities of glycolysis-related enzymes and increasing band 3 protein expression, thereby regulating the imbalance of energy metabolism caused by oxidative stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GPS improved antioxidant defense system, enhanced energy metabolism, and regulated gluconeogenesis via activating PPAR gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) pathway in H2O2-exposed BRL-3A cells. Mechanistically, GPS promoted glycolysis and protected RBCs from oxidative injury was partly dependent on the regulation of gluconeogenesis, as inhibition of gluconeogenesis by metformin (Met) attenuates the regulation of antioxidant enzymes and key enzymes of glycolytic by GPS in exhaustive exercise rats. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that GPS protects RBCs from oxidative stress damage by promoting RBCs glycolysis and liver gluconeogenesis pathways. These results may contribute to the study of new RBCs treatments to boost antioxidant capacity and protect RBCs against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Wang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Yuchu Zhao
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Junjie Yang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Shichao Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Weifeng Ni
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Ze Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Meichen Liu
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
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Torres FF, Bernardo VS, de Paula CP, da Silva JPMDO, de Almeida EA, da Cunha AF, da Silva DGH. Influence of Melatonin Treatment on Cellular Mechanisms of Redox Adaptation in K562 Erythroleukemic Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122337. [PMID: 36553603 PMCID: PMC9778059 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) presents well-documented pleiotropic actions against oxidative stress (OS), acting indirectly through activation of transcription factors, e.g., FoxO3 and Nrf2. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possible modulating effects of MEL on the redox signaling pathways PI3K/AKT/FoxO3 and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE in K562 erythroleukemic cells subjected to OS induction. For this, the viability, and transcript levels of genes involved in redox adaptation were evaluated in K562 cells in different periods of erythroid differentiation: under OS induction by hydrogen peroxide (100 µM H2O2); treated with 1 nM (C1) and 1 mM (C2) MEL; and associated or not with stress induction. We observed a restoration of physiological levels of Nrf2 in both MEL concentrations under OS. The C1 was related to enhanced expression of antioxidant and proteasome genes through the Nrf2-ARE pathway, while C2 to the induction of FOXO3 expression, suggesting an involvement with apoptotic pathway, according to BIM transcript levels. The effects of MEL administration in these cells showed a period and dose-dependent pattern against induced-OS, with direct and indirect actions through different pathways of cellular adaptation, reinforcing the importance of this indolamine in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, being a promising therapeutic alternative for diseases that present an exacerbated OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviene Felix Torres
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Victoria Simões Bernardo
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Peres de Paula
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Department of Natural Sciences, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau 89030-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ferreira da Cunha
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Grünig Humberto da Silva
- Campus de Três Lagoas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (CPTL/UFMS), Três Lagoas 79613-000, MS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Vicente-Ferreira GS, Martins GS, Chaves NA, Silva DGH, Bonini-Domingos CR. Oxidative and osmotolerant effects in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) red blood cells during hibernation. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e249617. [PMID: 34730698 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is a natural condition of animals that lives in the temperate zone, although some tropical lizards also experience hibernation annually, such as the lizard native from South America, Salvator merianae, or "tegu" lizard. Even though physiological and metabolic characteristic associated with hibernation have been extensively studied, possible alterations in the red blood cells (RBC) integrity during this period remains unclear. Dehydration and fasting are natural consequences of hibernating for several months and it could be related to some cellular modifications. In this study, we investigated if the osmotic tolerance of RBCs of tegu lizard under hibernation is different from the cells obtained from animals while normal activity. Additionally, we indirectly investigated if the RBCs membrane of hibernating tegus could be associated with oxidation by quantifying oxidized biomolecules and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Our findings suggest that RBCs are more fragile during the hibernation period, although we did not find evidence of an oxidative stress scenario associated with the accentuated fragility. Even though we did not exclude the possibility of oxidative damage during hibernation, we suggested that an increased RBCs volume as a consequence of hypoosmotic blood during hibernation could also affect RBCs integrity as noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Vicente-Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biologia, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Laboratório de Hemoglobinas e Genética das Doenças Hematológicas, Departamento de Biologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.,Fundação Parque Tecnológico Itaipu (PTI), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil
| | - G S Martins
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biologia, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Laboratório de Hemoglobinas e Genética das Doenças Hematológicas, Departamento de Biologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - N A Chaves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biologia, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Laboratório de Hemoglobinas e Genética das Doenças Hematológicas, Departamento de Biologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - D G H Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biologia, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Câmpus de Três Lagoas, Três Lagoas, MS, Brasil
| | - C R Bonini-Domingos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biologia, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Laboratório de Hemoglobinas e Genética das Doenças Hematológicas, Departamento de Biologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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Morabito R, Remigante A, Spinelli S, Vitale G, Trichilo V, Loddo S, Marino A. High Glucose Concentrations Affect Band 3 Protein in Human Erythrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050365. [PMID: 32349441 PMCID: PMC7278607 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is considered a threat for cell homeostasis, as it is associated to oxidative stress (OS). As erythrocytes are continuously exposed to OS, this study was conceived to verify the impact of either diabetic conditions attested to by glycated hemoglobin (Hb) levels (>6.5% or higher) or treatment with high glucose (15-35 mM, for 24 h) on erythrocyte homeostasis. To this aim, anion exchange capability through the Band 3 protein (B3p) was monitored by the rate constant for SO42- uptake. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), membrane sulfhydryl groups mostly belonging to B3p, glutathione reduced (GSH) levels, and B3p expression levels were also evaluated. The rate constant for SO42- uptake (0.063 ± 0.001 min-1, 16 min in healthy volunteers) was accelerated in erythrocytes from diabetic volunteers (0.113 ± 0.001 min-1, 9 min) and after exposure to high glucose (0.129 ± 0.001in-1, 7 min), but only in diabetic volunteers was there an increase in TBARS levels and oxidation of membrane sulfhydryl groups, and a decrease in both GSH and B3p expression levels was observed. A combined effect due to the glycated Hb and OS may explain what was observed in diabetic erythrocytes, while in in vitro hyperglycemia, early OS could explain B3p anion exchange capability alterations as proven by the use of melatonin. Finally, measurement of B3p anion exchange capability is a suitable tool to monitor the impact of hyperglycemia on erythrocytes homeostasis, being the first line of high glucose impact before Hb glycation. Melatonin may be useful to counteract hyperglycemia-induced OS at the B3p level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31-98166, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.M.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31-98166, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.M.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31-98166, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.M.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31-98166, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.M.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Trichilo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria-98125, 98124 Messina, Italy; (V.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Saverio Loddo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria-98125, 98124 Messina, Italy; (V.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31-98166, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.M.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)90-676-5214
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Alisik M, Neselioglu S, Erel O. A colorimetric method to measure oxidized, reduced and total glutathione levels in erythrocytes. J LAB MED 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2019-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The most important antioxidant for erythrocytes is glutathione. In this study, a non-enzymatic recycling spectrophotometric method was developed to measure oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in erythrocytes. The newly developed method consists of two steps. In the first step, the levels of GSH were determined in the sample. Subsequently, total glutathione levels were measured by reducing the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Half of the difference between total glutathione and GSH gives the GSSG.
Results
The new method was linear between 0 and 3000 μmol/L (r2 = 0.999). The percentage recovery measured by the developed method was 100.2 ± 2.4%. The total precision of the total glutathione, GSH and GSSG was 1.26%, 1.02% and 6.65%, respectively. GSH levels were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), while GSSG levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were negatively correlated with GSH levels, whereas positively correlated with GSSG (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
In conclusion, this method is easy to apply in routine practice with high accuracy, precision and reproducibility.
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Melatonin Protects Band 3 Protein in Human Erythrocytes against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152741. [PMID: 31357737 PMCID: PMC6695615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of Melatonin (Mel), recognized as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, has been already proven to prevent oxidative stress-induced damage associated to lipid peroxidation. As previous studies modeled the impact of oxidative stress on Band 3 protein, an anion exchanger that is essential to erythrocytes homeostasis, by applying H2O2 at not hemolytic concentrations and not producing lipid peroxidation, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the possible antioxidant effect of pharmacological doses of Mel on Band 3 protein anion exchange capability. The experiments have been performed on human erythrocytes exposed to 300 μM H2O2-induced oxidative stress. To this end, oxidative damage has been verified by monitoring the rate constant for SO4= uptake through Band 3 protein. Expression levels of this protein Mel doses lower than 100 µM have also been excluded due to lipid peroxidation, Band 3 protein expression levels, and cell shape alterations, confirming a pro-oxidant action of Mel at certain doses. On the other hand, 100 µM Mel, not provoking lipid peroxidation, restored the rate constant for SO4= uptake, Band 3 protein expression levels, and H2O2-induced cell shape alterations. Such an effect was confirmed by abolishing the endogenous erythrocytes antioxidant system. Therefore, the present findings show the antioxidant power of Mel at pharmacological concentrations in an in vitro model of oxidative stress not associated to lipid peroxidation, thereby confirming Band 3 protein anion exchange capability measurement as a suitable model to prove the beneficial effect of Mel and support the use of this compound in oxidative stress-related diseases affecting Band 3 protein.
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